MXPA97003804A - Personal communication system inalambr - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a wireless communication system for transporting voice and data communication signals, the system comprising: a radio port controller; a radio port coupled to the radio port controller, said radio port having a RF transmitting section for transmitting digital information in a time division multiple access (TDM) of the message structure, the radio port includes a channel switching unit, and a first and a second subscriber unit, each of these units Subscribers have an RF transmitting section for transmitting digital information in a Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) format, which is characterized in that the channel switch unit is adapted for a communication signal line between said first and second unit. Subscriber without line to the communication signals through the rad port controller

Description

SYSTEM. PERSONAL COMMUNICATION INAL MBRICO BACKGROUND SECTION Wireless Access Communication Systems (WACS) strives to provide flexible communication services in a wireless manner. WACS, in personal communication service (PCS) environments, can provide a system to improve or eliminate wire service requirements for homes and businesses. The radio transmitters are the vehicle to eliminate the need for wiring. Although cell phones and cordless phones also provide certain wireless features, there are certain limitations inherent in each of those systems. Cell phones transmit signals to cellular base stations at relatively high energy levels. High energy levels require the approval of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and careful frequency planning to avoid unwanted interference. Additionally, cellular base stations tend to be complicated and expensive units. Wireless residential phones are lower-energy devices, but frequencies are usually prone to interference. Also, cordless phones require wired connections to public telephone lines and can not communicate with wireless access communication PCS systems. In addition, cell phones and cordless phones are generally not capable of supporting both voice and data transmissions. A typical architecture for a wireless PCS system includes subscriber units (SUs), radio ports (RPs), one or more radio port controllers (RPCs) and an access manager (AM). The SUs transmit information to the RPs through the use of radio frequencies. RPs are small devices typically mounted on poles of existing equipment. The RPs connect to an RPC that uses wireline equipment. Each RPC is connected to a switch that is part of the public switched telephone network (PSTN) and to the AM. The AM provides full coordination of the RPCs and a high level control of the entire WACS system. A consortium of telecommunication entities has recently developed a proposed standard to provide WACS PCS. This standard outlines the aforementioned architecture. Additional details concerning this proposed standard are set forth in Bellcore Corp. Publication TR-INS-001313 entitled Generic Criteria for Wireless Access Communications Systems Version 0.1 (WACS) published in October 1993 (sometimes referred to herein as the specification). ). The publication is available to those interested in WACS PCS from Bellcore Corp. At Bellcore, Customer Services, 8 Corporate Place - Room 3C-183, Piscataway, NJ 08854-4156, or at 1 (800) 521-CORP, and a A copy of this publication has been submitted by the applicants to become part of the registration of the present application. Also, the reader can refer to the Bellcore manual SR-ARH-002315 that describes specific requirements of the modulator and demodulator in the SU and RP. It is presumed that the reader is familiar with the specification and related technological publications, known to those who have ordinary experience in the subject. Although a general rule has been established, advances and improvements to the technology have been discovered, including the implementation of novel configurations and circuitry. In the general standard configuration, the SUs, either portable or fixed, receive analog voice signals such as those spoken in a telephone handset. SUs typically convert the analog voice signal into a digital signal and compress the digital signal. The SU then transmits the compressed signal over a radio link to an RP. The PR advances the signal to an RPC over wired equipment.

The signals received by an RP from a proposed RPC for a particular SU, they are transmitted by means of the RP, they are received by the SU, they are decompressed and converted to an analogous signal to be directed towards, for example, an auditory piece. Although this architecture provides a WACS PCS operation, it does not respond for the optimization of the electronic hardware to carry out the necessary signal processing. Also, this architecture does not cover system configurations that improve signal routing and decrease hardware requirements when specific applications arise. In addition, only fixed or limited mobility use is contemplated in the existing proposed standard. Accordingly, a WACS PCS system that operates in low power applications, supports voice and data communications, and communicates with other WACS PCS systems is desirable. Optimized hardware and flexible system configurations in a WACS PCS system are also desirable, including systems that minimize or eliminate the need for transmission over fare lines such as PSTN or other commercial signal vehicles. It would also be desirable for a WACS PCS system to allow a set of portable SUs with a single dial number to be accessed individually. Such a feature will allow each member in a family to have a portable SU to be accessed individually (for example, only the unit of the desired family member can ring) even if the family only pays a single telephone line from the local telephone company. It would also be desirable if an SU in a WACS PCS system could transmit and receive both voice and data information, especially if the SU could transmit and receive the data without using a modem. The transmission of data without a modem on the same line 'used for voice communication will greatly reduce costs for the end user. Reduced costs include the cost of a separate telephone line for the transmission of data and the costs associated with having a modem such as in a fax machine. Another advantageous feature is a wireless personal communication system that provides data services substantially similar to those provided by traditional wireline systems. The system must transparently provide these services to subscribers. In addition, the wireless personal communication system must allow the transmission of high-speed data such as voiceband data.

It would also be desirable for an SU and a PR to be able to use only one circuit board. A single circuit board for the SU and the RP will reduce the manufacturing and maintenance costs for the manufacturer of the SU and the RP. It would also be desirable for a WACS PCS system to be flexible enough to be used both in the United States and in other countries. It would also be desirable for the RPC to be able to communicate with switching systems that are in accordance with international standards. Such a system could be interconnected in an advantageous way with several associated communication protocols that would comply with the technical specification of each country. It would also be advantageous if a WACS PCS system allows new software versions to be transferred to various components such as an SU, RP, or RPC within the system. Preferably, the same communication infrastructure used to handle normal traffic could be used to transfer the new software version. The direct transfer advantageously allows the owner of a component to update the software within the component without requiring the owner to take any action, such as changing a PROM or sending the component to a maintenance center. Another advantageous feature would be that the SU is activated remotely by the wireless PCS system. Such remote activation will prevent fraudulent access and simplify the user's registration process. Another advantageous feature would be a system of WACS PCS that could use excessive bandwidth in existing CATV cabling. The use of existing cabling will reduce costs by providing PCS service and allow cable operators to provide telephony services as well as cable programming. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The aspects of the present invention provide a wireless personal communications system (WPCS) that has several features, incorporated in various forms. In one embodiment, the WPCS includes at least one RP, a first SU in communication with the RP, and a second SU in communication with the first SU through the RP without involving the RPC in the manner contemplated by the specification. The RP may preferably include a channel switching unit for connecting the first SU to the second SU without using any rate line to or from an RPC. Such RP can be used as a component in a wireless PBX or Centrex system that includes systems based on ISDN. Another preferred embodiment provides a portable transceiver option where the first SU communicates directly with the second SU, preferably over an unauthorized frequency. In another preferred embodiment, a plurality of SUs in communication with an RP can be accessed individually using a single dialed number. In another embodiment, the SU may include a data port to directly transmit and receive digital information without using a modem. The SU may also include a pair of spatially mounted and angularly different antennas, for example, the second antenna may be at an opposite end of the SU and orthogonal (or otherwise non-parallel) to the first antenna. In another currently preferred embodiment, the SU includes a single integrated circuit to perform the functions of cyclic redundancy check (CRC), modulation, demodulation, correlation, decoding, encoding and data transport. In an additional mode, the SU includes a particular circuit to subvert radio frequency signals not covered by the specification. The circuit includes a first sub-converter section having a local oscillator centered at a first frequency, and a second sub-converter section having a local oscillator centered at a second frequency. In another preferred embodiment, the SU is a portable SU for use in a wireless personal communications system and can be used in a high mobility environment. A high mobility environment may include the use of the portable SU while traveling at typical vehicle speeds, for example 55 Mph. The operation in a highly mobile environment provides an "integral" connection to the end user. For example, a user can initiate a conversation in a portable SU at home and continue the conversation while driving and then arriving at work. Any transfer carried out by an originating WACS PCS system to other systems, such as a second WACS PCS, cellular system or other telecommunications system, will preferably be substantially transparent to the user of SU. Preferably, the SU is implemented using a circuit board that can also be used in an RP. The circuit board preferably includes elements common to the SU and the RP and is configurable to support common functions such as transmission, reception, encoding and decoding. Another preferred embodiment provides a wireless personal communications system that includes a first RP, and a second RP in direct communication with the first RP through a communication link other than (or in addition to) the normal RP-RPC-RP links contemplated by the specification. The communication link can conduct audio, video and / or data signals and can use any communication method, preferably digital, such as an IT line, coaxial cable, microwave connection, or fiber optic link. In a particular embodiment, a plurality of RPs can be linked directly together as in a local area network installation. A node in the local area network can be an RPC. Alternatively, the RPC may have a separate connection for one or more of the RPs. A further preferred embodiment provides, in a wireless personal communications system including an RP, an SU in communication with the RP, and an RPC connected to the RP, an RPC that includes at least preferably a digital microprocessor having an interruption of less than 1 millisecond The RPC preferably has a communication backplate that includes a plurality of slots. Each slot is adapted to selectively receive either an IT card communicating with an IT line or a card communicating with an El line. The RPC may further include at least one switching transcoder module (3TM). Each STM is connected to a separate IT line. Each switching transcoder module (STM) has at least one digital signal processor capable of processing both personal communication and digitized voice system messages. In a preferred embodiment, the STM includes at least one DSP that handles both incoming and outgoing message traffic. The DSP can handle two to six different conversations. In another preferred embodiment, the STM has a first digital signal processor allocated to process input messages and a second digital signal processor allocated to process output messages. The STM may further include a plurality of buffers in communication with the digital signal processors. The buffers can be circular buffers adapted to receive and transmit messages from the personal communication system from a PR or a digital switch. Each STM may further include a central processor for assigning each time slot in each IT communication line to at least one of the digital signal processors. The central processor preferably communicates with each digital signal processor that uses interprocessor data messages. The RPC preferably includes a call control processor that includes state machines to process 3 ISDN protocols and WACS layer. In one embodiment, the RPC includes a first global resource processor for balancing the load among other various processors in the RPC. The RPC may also include a second global resource processor and a disk unit coupled to the second processor global resource. The second global resource processor preferably cooperates with the disk drive to carry out at least some access manager functions. The RPC also preferably includes a channel access processor (CAP) to process the messages of the personal communication system of layer 2. Each of the processors within the RPC can execute a multi-tasking operating system. The multi-tasking operating system allows processors to create a filament that is associated with a routine executed by the processor. In a modality, a filament is created by the operating system during at least one routine that performs call processing functions. Another aspect of the present invention is that the RP or the RPC or both may include a method for modulating and demodulating signals for communication over an unused bandwidth of CATV cabling. An RPC can be located in the front of the CATV system or in other nodes in the CATV system. In this mode, a cable television provider can conveniently provide the telephone service as well as cable television to its customers, and / or the existing cabling can be used to minimize the cost of installing a wireless PCS system. A further embodiment of the present invention provides a method for maintaining the user's registration data in a wireless personal communications system that includes the steps of: synchronizing a period directly after an SU user hangs up, maintaining the energy toward the SU and a connection between the SU and the personal communications system until the synchronizer reaches a predetermined value, and interrupts the current of the SU after the synchronizer reaches the predetermined value. The method for maintaining the user's record is preferably incorporated in a standby mode of energy saving in the SU. The standby mode periodically de-energizes the SU during times of limited message activity. A further aspect of the present invention provides a method for transferring a set of system updates to any component, such as the SU, RP, RPC, or AM, in a wireless personal communications system. The method for transfer includes the steps of monitoring the use of the component that receives the transferred information, transferring a set of system updates to the component if the component is inactive, verifying that the component received the complete set of system updates and then implementing the transfer of system update. Also, the wireless PCS system can include a table that compares each component with its current software version. The transfer of a component advantageously reduces or eliminates the need to change a PROM or otherwise reprogram a user component. The transfer is particularly useful for sending system updates to the SUs and RPs as it is likely that these components are owned individually. An additional embodiment provides a separate wireless personal communications system that includes a plurality of portable SUs that can communicate with at least one local RP. The RP transmits and receives signals from the plurality of portable SUs. The independent system that provides services to homes, offices or schools can serve the SUs and provides flexible communication without using any PSTN or other tariff vehicles. The stand-alone system may also be combined with direct SU-SU communication such as the portable transmitter-receiver mode described above to provide an intercommunication or paging feature. The intercommunication feature allows SU users to send messages or pages to other SU users within the broadcast range of the SUs. If desired, the system can optionally provide access to an external network such as the PSTN or a WACS PCS system. Alternatively, independent systems can be networked with each other. For example, a PR in a first independent system may communicate with a PR in a second independent system through a radio or other communication device such as a wire-line equipment. Many other connections and alternative configurations of an independent system are possible. For example, a stand-alone system can function as a wireless PBX that replaces traditional PBX systems. Such a wireless PBX can be a node, or several nodes, in a local area or wide area network. The wireless PBX can also be connected to other PBX systems (standard or wireless wired PBX systems) elsewhere, such as in a wide area communication system. The invention itself, together with additional concurrent advantages, will be understood in relation to the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a block diagram of a standard wireless access communication system. Figure 2 is a block diagram of a currently preferred embodiment of an SU according to the present invention. Figure 3 is a block diagram of a preferred RF section of a portable SU. Figure 4 is an illustration of a preferred message format sent by the subscriber unit of Figure 2. Figure 5 is an illustration of a preferred message format sent by a radio port. Figure 6 is a functional block diagram of an encoder in the subscriber unit of Figure 2. Figure 7 is a functional block diagram of a decoder in the subscriber unit of Figure 2. Figure 8 is a block diagram functional of a radio port. Figure 9 is a block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the radio port of the present invention. Figure 10 is a block diagram of a universal circuit board for use in a RP or SU. Figure 11 is a block diagram showing the functions to be carried out by an RPC. Figure 12 is a block diagram illustrating a preferred embodiment of an RPC. Figure 13 is a block diagram of a preferred embodiment of an STM that can be used within the RPC of Figure 12. Figure 14 is a block diagram of a central processor that can be used in the STM of Figure 13. Figures 15-20 are diagrams of various internal communication messages that can be used within the STM of Figure 13. Figure 21 is a preferred DSP allocation table in the central processor of Figure 14. Figure 22 is a diagram of block of a CAP that can be used within an RPC. Figure 23 is a block diagram of a CCP that can be used within an RPC. Figure 24 is a block diagram of a global resource processor (GRP) that can be used within an RPC. Figures 25-27 are message flow diagrams showing a preferred embodiment of various - l messages between a SU and an RPC. Figure 28 is an illustration of a variation of the system shown in Figure 1. Figure 29 is a schematic illustration of a branch representative of the system of Figure 1. Figure 30 is a representative independent system for wireless communications. Figure 31 is an illustration of an alternative embodiment of an SU. Figure 32 is an illustration of an alternative configuration of a system architecture in a wireless personal communications system. Figure 33 is an illustration of an alternative configuration of a system architecture in a wireless personal communications system. Figure 34 is an illustration of an alternative configuration of a system architecture in a wireless personal communications system. Figure 35 is an illustration of an alternative configuration of a system architecture in a wireless personal communications system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1 illustrates a general block diagram of a standard wireless access communication system (WACS) 10. The WACS 10 includes subscriber units (SU) 20, radio (RP) 50 ports, control units of the radio port (RPC) 60, an operations maintenance center (OMC) 70, a local digital switch 80, and an access manager (AM) 90. The SU 20 communicates with the radio port 50 through links by radio. Each RP 50 communicates with an RPC 60 through transmission lines, typically standard IT lines. The RPC 60 controls radio links and transmission lines that contain various voice and data communications. The switch 80 controls access between the wireless access communication (WACS) 10 systems and the public switched telephony network (PSTN). The AM 90 provides call control and also communicates with the switch 80 providing voice paths between the WACS network and the PSTN. The additional details are known to those skilled in the art and are set forth in the Bellcore specification. Recently, a newer proposal for personal access communications (PACS), standard, has been introduced. However, both WACS and PACS standards can be implemented in the system described above. The SU 20 can be either a fixed subscriber unit or a portable subscriber unit. A fixed subscriber unit can be connected to an analog telephone by two (or more) standard terrestrial analogue telephone lines. The SU 20, fixed or portable, provides voice and data quality comparable to a terrestrial system. A portable subscriber unit is similar to the fixed subscriber unit 20 but also includes a speaker, a handset, and a user interface keyboard. The portable subscriber unit 20, in one embodiment is similar to a cellular telephone. In another mode, the portable SU 20 is functionally similar to a cordless telephone. However, unlike many cordless and cellular phones, the portable SU 20 processes and digitally filters all voice signals before broadcast. The subscriber units 20 provide wireless access to both voice and data information. Unless otherwise indicated, the term subscriber unit (SU) applies to both fixed and portable versions in the following descriptions. An SU 20 can be located at home or in the office. Multiple SUs 20 can be found in the range of a single RP 50 and can be in the range of diffusion of each other. One embodiment of the present invention includes SUs 20 capable of communicating directly with each other in a portable transmitter-receiver system or similar to intercommunication. Another embodiment provides SUs 20 that can communicate with each other through a common RP 50 configured with a call switching capability. In this way, calls from SU 20 to SU 20 can be made without addressing through the RPC 60 or other system components. Alternatively, the calls between the SUs 20 can be switched through an RPC without carrying out any compression processing. Another feature of the SU 20 is a distinctive sound capability that can provide individual annunciation or pager functions. In this mode, a group of SUs 20 in a home or office environment are assigned to the same telephone number identifier. Each SU 20 programmed with this telephone number can be accessed individually. Individual access can be accomplished by adding a suffix code to the 'telephone number. The suffix code may cause only one of the SUs 20 to sound or all the SUs to sound with a specific identification tone to a user. Preferably, the portable SU can be used in either a low mobility pedestrian environment or in more mobile automotive environments. In a highly mobile environment, the RPC outlines processing by sending some of the layer 2 messages from at least one of the DSPs in the STM instead of processing the message in the CAP. Also, the SU 20 may include a plurality and preferably two reception chains. One of the reception chains is dedicated to the exploration of optimum frequencies, and the other reception chain communicates with the RP 50. Referring to Figure 2, a preferred implementation of an SU 20 is shown in greater detail. The SU 20 has five connections to the external environment: an RF reception antenna 30, an RF transmission antenna 29, a telephone connection 61, a data port 62, and a debug port 63. Internally, the subscriber SU 20 it comprises an RF receiving section 21, an RF transmission section 22, an analog port 23, a digital data port 24, a synchronization generator 25, a memory section 66, and a data bus 26 that connects all the internal blocks together. The RF receiving section 21 receives an RF input signal from the antenna 30. As shown in FIG. 2, two antennas 29, 30 are shown connected to the receiver section 21. An antenna 29 is actually switched between the antenna sections. transmission and reception 21, 22 in standard WACS / PACS PCS. The RF section 21 retrieves voice information from the RF signal in the form of an ADPCM signal of 32 kilobits per second (kbps). The RF section 21 also demodulates the correlation information in the RF input signal.

The received information, either voice or data, is then placed on the data bus 26. The RF transmitting section 22 receives voice or data information from the data bus 26 and performs the function of transmitting voice or data information. data. The voice information is compressed to a 32 kbps ADPCM and the data information is simply modulated into RF signals for transmission. In another embodiment, the SU 20 can transmit or receive from another SU 20 directly. The analogous port 23 receives analog information such as from an analog telephone and converts it into a 32 kbps digital ADPCM for further processing and transmission over a radio link. The voice information arriving from the data bus 26 in the form of an ADPCM of 32 kbps becomes an analog signal and is communicated to the telephone connected to the port 23. The digital port 24 handles the data signals sent to and from the debug port 63 and the data port 62. The data bus 26 is a data line connecting the various internal functions of the SU 20. Preferably, the data bus 26 is a communication line of 16 bits of amplitude. In a preferred embodiment, a standard bifilar cycle connects the analog port 23 to a standard analog telephone. The analog voice signals collected in the telephone handset will be converted into a subscriber line interface (SLCI) microcircuit 56 from the bifilar signal to a quadrifilar signal. The quadrifilar format speech signals are sampled and encoded into a mu-standard pulse code modulated (PCM) signal of 64 kilobits per second by an encoder / decoder 48 in the SU 20. The digital signal is then processed in the processor Digital Signal (DSP) 49 that compresses the PCM signal into a 32 kbps ADPCM signal. In a portable SU the SLIC 56 is unnecessary because the voice signals are received from a speaker attached to the portable SU. In a preferred embodiment, the same circuit board can be used for either fixed or portable applications. A switch or bridge can be used on the circuit board to designate the board application. Alternatively, the board can be loaded without the SLIC 56 when a portable SU is desired. The universality of the circuit board design allows cost savings to consumers and system operators. In any type of SU, the DSP 49 sends the ADPCM signal along a data bus 26 to the RF transmitting section 22 where it enters a transmission buffer 45. The digital signal is temporarily stored in the buffer transmission 45 and then transferred to the channel encoder 44. The channel encoder 44 encodes the digital signal with synchronization information according to instructions stored in a programmable read-only memory (PROM) integrated circuit 46. The program stored in PROM 46 is the decoding and coding algorithm set out in the Bellcore specification, which anyone with ordinary experience in the field can program into a PROM or other memory device. The digital encoded signal is transported through a serial-to-parallel (S / P) converter 43 to a modulator 42. The encoded signal is then converted from digital to analog in a digital-to-analog converter (D / A). 41 and is transmitted from the RF transmitting section 40 via an RF antenna 29. The digital data signals originating at the digital input port 24 follow a different path. Initially, the signal entering a digital port 24 passes through an RS-232 connection 64 to a DUART 65 device. The data information signal, unlike the speech signal, is not compressed in a format of ADPCM. The digital data signal is not processed in the PCM 48 or DSP 49 encoder / decoder. Instead, it proceeds along the same data bus 26 as the voice signals and goes directly to the transmit buffer 30., the encoder 44 and then to the MOD 42 for its modulation on a vehicle frequency. After modulation, the signal (regardless of whether it is voice or data) is then converted into an RF signal approximately within the range of 1.8 to 2.2 GHz and transmitted from the RF transmitting section 22 to an average energy of approximately 10-20 milliwatts. The peak energy transmitted is approximately 80-160 milliwatts. In a standard WACS PCS, the output energy of the RF transmitting section 22 is controlled by an energy control channel (PCC). The PCC can control the output power in stages of 0.75 dB +/- stages of 0.25 dB, with the total adjustment range of approximately 30 dB. In a preferred embodiment, an energy controller 42 in the RF transmitting section 22 of the SU 20 translates the power control instructions that originate from the RPC 30. The signals received by the SU 20 from a system of WACS / PACS PCS first arrive at the RF antennas 29, 30 and are processed through an RF receiving unit 31. The received analog signals are converted to the digital form in an analog-to-digital converter (A / D) 32 and then demodulated in a demodulator 33. The demodulated waveform is then passed through a parallel-to-serial (P / S) converter 34, decoded in a channel decoder 35, and passed to through a reception buffer 36. As part of the demodulation and decoding of the signal, the signal also passes through a digital correlator 37 to analyze the synchronization of the timing. The decoded signal in the reception buffer 36 then passes to the data bus 26 to the appropriate analog or digital port 23, 24 as determined by the DSP 49. The appropriate portions for the A / D and D / A converters 32 , 41 are a CXD1175AM-T6 A / D converter and a CXD1171-T6 D / A converter available from Sony Corporation. The Demodulator and the Modulator 33, 42 are preferably components as described in the Bellcore specification. Figure 3 shows a block diagram of a preferred embodiment of an RF 900 transmission and reception section for a portable SU. On the side of the transmission signal (Tx), the RF section 900 has a modulator 902 that modulates the digital output signal on 904 lines I and 906 Q lines that are connected to a pair of mixers I, Q 908. The pair of mixers I, Q 908 uses the reference frequency from a second local oscillator (L02) 910 to mix the transmission signals I and Q 904, 906 to a first intermediate frequency (IF) transmission signal preferably centered at 295.15 MHz for the authorized band frequency transmissions. The first IF transmission signal is then filtered in a bandpass filter 912, preferably a continuous loop of inductors and capacitors centered at 295.15 MHz, before being mixed again in a mixer 914. The mixer 914 receives the first transmission signal of IF and a mixing frequency from a first local oscillator (L01) 916. The LOI is preferably capable of producing frequencies in the range of 2,125 to 2,205 GHz adjustable in stages of 300 kHz. The first IF transmission signal is mixed with a second IF frequency signal of higher frequency in the mixer 914 preferably in the range of 1.85 to 1.93 GHz. After mixing, the second IF passes through a first gain stage 918, a bandpass filter 920 with a bandpass of preferably 1.85 to 1.93 GHz, and a second gain stage 922. Once the signal passes through the second gain stage 922, it proceeds through a transmission / reception (T / R) switch 924 which connects the signal to an uplink antenna 926 for broadcasting on air waves. Signals received in the range of 1.91 to 1.99 GHz arrive at both the uplink antenna 926 and the downlink antenna 928. The T / R switch 924 connects one of the antennas to the receiving portion of the RF section 900. The received signal is first amplified in a gain stage 930, such as a low noise amplifier to control the noise figure, and then passed through a band pass filter 932 with a pass band of 1.91 to 1.99 GHz to a 934 mixer. The mixer 934 mixes the signal received with a reference frequency generated by LOI 916 to create a first IF reception signal. A bandpass filter 936 centered at 215.15 MHz and connected to the mixer 934 filters the first IF reception signal. The first filtered IF is then mixed in a second mixer 938 and subverted to a second IF preferably centered at 10.7 MHz. Another bandpass filter 940 filters the second IF and is connected to a third mixer 942. The third mixer 942 subconverts the second IF to a third IF, preferably centered at 768 MHz by mixing the second IF against a reference frequency. In a preferred embodiment, the reference frequency is a 9,932 MHz signal generated by a crystal oscillator. The third IF continues on an analog-to-digital (A / D) converter 946 and the rest of the SU circuitry to synchronize the measurements and retrieve the voice or data information. The transmission and reception section of RF 900 is based on a frequency scheme determined by the reference oscillator 948 which is preferably a temperature controlled crystal oscillator (TCXO) set to 15.36 MHz. The TCXO 948 signal is passed to through a circuit 950 divided by four (4) and connected to a mixer 952. The mixer 952, in one embodiment, may be an image rejection mixer. The mixer 952 receives the split TCXO signal 948 and a signal directly from the TCXO 948. The mixer 952 mixes these frequencies at a higher frequency, preferably 19.2 Mhz. The reference frequency of 19.2 Mhz bifurcates in two trajectories. One path is connected to a circuit 956 divided by 48 (48) and the other path is connected to a circuit 954 divided by 64 (64). The signal 64 954, preferably a 300 kHz signal, is connected to a LOI 916. The circuit 48 956 preferably produces a signal of 400 kHz and is connected to an L02 910. The TCXO signal also passes through a circuit 958 divided by 5 (5) for use by the A / D converter 946 as a reference of 3,072 MHz. Other frequency schemes can be used and the TCXO signal can be used to create reference frequencies for the rest of the SU. In a preferred embodiment, the central processing unit that manages the process in the SU 20 is a digital signal processor (DSP) 49. A TMS320C50 microcircuit from Texas Instruments is suitable. Other DSP microcircuits, such as an IT TMS320C53 can also be used. The DSP 49 is used for both signal controls and performs ADPCM 32 kbps speech encoding / decoding. In one embodiment, the DSP 49 operates as a 16-bit parallel load processor utilizing a 16-bit amplitude data bus 26. The DSP 49 is driven by a clock frequency received from the transmission sections 22 and of reception 21 of RF. Preferably, the clock frequency is about 16 MHz (see Figure 3 TCXO) but higher or lower frequencies can be used. Another modality of the SU 20 includes a specific application integrated circuit (ASIC) to carry out the functions of cyclic redundancy check control, general synchronization of input and output signals, closed loop-digital phase. In addition, the compression / decompression of the signals can be completed by the ASIC. Referring again to FIG. 2, an ASIC can replace the channel decoder 35, the channel encoder 44, the digital correlator 37, and the DUART 65. Two components in the SU 20 require attention from the DSP 49. The DUART 65, which handles a data stream, and the channel encoder / decoder 44, 35, which is preferably a single microcircuit such as a Xilinx XC4005-6PQ208C, generate both interrupts to indicate that there is input data or that the component is ready for more data. The channel encoder / decoder 44, 35 generates two separate interrupts; one to encode and one to decode. In the standard WACS / PACS PCS, the SU 20 employs a time division multiple access (TDMA) method for communicating digital information to a radio port 50. As best seen in Figure 4, the formatted information transmitted to eight time slot structures 60 are installed from the SU 20 to the RP 50, each time slot comprising 100 100 information bits. The SU 20 broadcasts information on one of the time slots 161 in bursts of radio transmission to the RP 50. A particular RF frequency can drive an information structure 60. In a preferred embodiment the SU 20 can scan at the frequency for the time slots available in a message 60.

Each 100-bit burst of information lasts approximately 250 microseconds and is synchronized such that the burst always corresponds to an appropriate time slot 161 that the SU 20 reserved for the particular transmission. Each time slot 161 of the transmitted message structure 60 carries information necessary to synchronize the transmission burst of the SUs 20. Each TDMA burst from an SU 20 contains several information fields: security band (GRD), slow channel (SC), fast channel (FC), cyclic redundancy check (CRC), and a reserved bit (RES). The GRD and SC fields contain error information. The FC contains the voice or data transmitted from the SU 20 to the RP 50. The CRC information is calculated in the SU 20 and is used to compare against the CRC data calculated in the RP 50 for the detection or correction of mistakes. Figure 5 illustrates the standard formatted information received by an SU 20. An RP 50 transmits voice or data information to an SU in a time division multiple transmission (TDM) format. TDM transmissions are continuous radio transmissions as opposed to TDMA bursts. Again the SU 20 is assigned to a specific 100-bit time slot in a structure 70. The time slot 70 includes a synchronization pattern (SYC), a slow channel (SC), a fast channel (FC) containing the voice or data transmitted from RP 50, a cyclic redundancy code (CRC), and energy control channel information (PCC). The SYC and SC information comprises a 23-bit message that the SU 20 uses to synchronize with the RP 50. Synchronization and correlation are carried out by the Xilinx microcircuit. The CRC represents the data calculated in the RPC 60 useful for determining errors in the transmission. The channel encoder 44, such as a Xilinx XC4005-6PQ208C at 2100 Logic Drive, San Jose CA 95124-3400, preferably encodes a digital voice signal with the appropriate digital correlation information. The encoded signal is then preferably demodulated using quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) with a filter of high cosine spectral configuration. As seen in Figure 6, a preferred method for encoding voice data generated in the SU 20 is to take the 64 kbps mu-standard PCM signal created in the PCM 48 codec and encode the information in ADPCM of 32. kbps Preferably, the DSP 49 carries out the coding. The coding is based on the standard algorithm G.721 of the CCITT Recommendation. The coding process is started by converting the PCM from standard mu to uniform PCM. After the conversion to uniform PCM, a difference signal is obtained by subtracting an estimate of the input signal from the input signal itself. An adaptive quantizer is used to assign four bits to the value of the difference signal per sample. An inverse quantizer produces a quantized difference signal from these four bits. The signal estimate is added to this quantized difference signal to produce the reconstructed version of the input signal. Both the reconstructed signal and the quantized difference signal are operated by an adaptive predictor that produces the estimate of the input signal, thereby completing the feedback loop. The voice signals received on the antennas 29, (Figure 2) are 32 kbps ADPCM signals modulated at RF frequencies. The signals must be demodulated, converted to 64 kbps mu-standard PCM in the DSP, and sent to the PCM48 encoder-decoficator for conversion into analog signals. The decoding, as illustrated in the functional block diagram of Figure 7, is carried out in a functional structure similar to the feedback portion of the encoding algorithm together with a uniform PCM for the mu standard PCM conversion and an adjustment of synchronous coding. The adjustment prevents cumulative distortion in synchronous tandem encodings. In a preferred embodiment, the SU 20 includes a delayed non-registration feature and a standby mode. The non-delayed record feature operates to maintain an SU 20 registered in a WACS / PACS PCS system for a period after the SU 20 ends a communication (ie, hangs up). This feature helps avoid problems associated with inadvertent disconnections and helps expedite system access to the system for consecutive telephone / data calls. One embodiment of this feature includes a synchronizer construction in the SU 20 to maintain the SU registered with the system for a predetermined period of time after a planned, unplanned or inadvertent disconnection. Another modality of this feature is to control the energy of the SU below a synchronizer located in the RPC that will keep the SU registered for a predetermined period of time. RADIO PORT In a standard WACS / PACS PCS, the radio (RP) port 50 performs the basic function of transmitting and receiving voice and data information between the SU 20 and the RPC 30. The RP 50 exchanges information with one or more SUs 20 over a radio link at RF frequencies, preferably in the range of 1.8 to 2.2 GHz. The RP 50 can exchange information with a single RPC 30 on a standard TI transmission line. In addition, one or more RPs 50 may communicate with the RPC 30 over a DSl interface, a high bit rate subscriber line interface (HDSL), or TI interface methods. Additionally, in a preferred embodiment the RP 50 -PC 30 interface can be a microwave, optical or cable television interface. In one embodiment, the RPs 50 can be configured to use existing CATV cabling for the communication of RP 50 -RPC 30 (or communications from RP to RP in alternative embodiments discussed here.) The unused bandwidth existing in the return band of the television signals transmitted in multiplex by frequency division can be used in the CATV cabling The downstream and upstream CATV signals are preferably multicast by frequency division with the data signals of RP 50 or RPC 30 respectively. The return band of cable television is approximately 5 to 50 MHz. Both voice and data information can be sent in any direction along any of the RP-RPC (or RP-RP) interfaces. of data, video calls that have both audio and video components can be transmitted along these interfaces.A RP 50 is less expensive to manufacture icar and easier to use than a base transceiver system in a cellular network. Typically, an RP 50 is mounted on an existing telephone pole or on the side of a construction. The RPs 50 do not perform any special processing per call on the signals, such as registration or authentication of the subscriber and can therefore be produced economically. Figure 8 best illustrates a preferred embodiment that includes a functional block diagram of a basic RP 50. The RP 50 generally performs several functions including: transmission / reception of radio frequency signals, channel coding / decoding of signals for its synchronization with the network, and general performance measurements. The RP 50 contains an IF and RF section 51 that receives and transmits information signals at RF frequencies on an antenna or antennas. The RF signals received in the RF and IF section 51 are subverted to a data stream of 400 kilobits per second (kbps) and sent to the channel 53 encoder / decoder function block. Although 400 kilobits per second are displayed in the preferred embodiment, other data proportions are equally suitable, such as 384 kbps. The function of the channel encoder / decoder 53 is controlled by a microprocessor 52. The function of the channel encoder / decoder 53 involves the handling of the synchronization of signals arriving and leaving the RP 50. The function of the microprocessor 52 handles the received training from an RPC that is coded in a 32 kbps ADPCM for transmission to an SU 20. The standard RP 50 also carries out radio channel measurements that measure the performance of the SUs 20 and the RP 50. The measurement of the radio channel 54 is controlled by the microprocessor 52, and the information is sent to the RPC for processing with each burst. The voice and data signals broadcast over a radio link to RF frequencies are received in the RP 50. The RF frequencies are subconverted from the RF frequencies to a data stream of 400 kbps in order to recover the information in the signal. The 400 kbps data stream is decoded, processed through a measurement unit of the radio channel 54 and then sent through a line interface card 55 for transmission over an IT line connected to an RPC. The decoded information received from an SU 20 and sent to the IT line is preferably in a 64 kbps PCM format. In contrast, the signals received from the RPC are first processed through a line interface card 55 controlled by a microprocessor 52 and then encoded and converted to RF frequencies for transmission to an SU 20. FIG. illustrates a preferred embodiment of RP 50 in more detail. The RP 50 receives RF frequency signals from one or more SUs 20 on a pair of spatially different antennas 152, 154. The RP 50 is tuned to receive a particular frequency by the digital signal processor 174, such as a TMS320C53. The signal received from the SU 20 is then subverted in the RF receiving sections 155, 156, respectively, subject to the spatially different antennas 152, 154. Each RF receiving section 155, 156 subverts the same frequency and channels the down-converted signal to an analog-to-digital (A / D) converter 157, 158 respectively attached to the RF receiver sections 155, 156. Preferably, the A / D converters 157, 158 are A / D converters of 20 Mega samples per second. , 8-bit such as a CXD1175AM-T6 stamped by Sony Corporation. The digital signals are transferred to modem demodulators 160, 162, which can be implemented as VF4718 microcircuits manufactured by Bellcore Corp. Once the digital signals have been demodulated in the demodulation sections 160, 162, they are compared to a diversity selector. 164. The selection of antenna diversity is described in the standard WAC / PACS PCS to produce the strongest possible signal at the radio port 50. In diversity selector 164, preferably implemented with a VF4719 microcircuit made by Bellcore Corp. , the different signals subverted by RF, demodulated in the demodulators 160, 162 are compared to find the best signal of the two that have been subverted. Other forms of selection diversity may alternatively be employed such as techniques of equal combination or combination in known proportion. The combination in proportion involves taking the best portions of each signal and combining the two portions to reconstruct the best signal. The combination equally requires the taking of equal amounts of both signals received in the antennas 152, 154 and the combination thereof. Because the antennas 152, 154 are spatially different from each other, the RP 50 is more likely to receive a stronger signal. In a preferred embodiment, the antennas are placed spatially and angularly different and more preferably orthogonal to one another. In another preferred embodiment, a variation pattern by frequency hopping may be used where the rate of variation per hop is proportional to the rate of structure transmission. For a 2ms structure ratio, a frequency variation rate of 500 Hz can be used to improve the reception strength of the RF signals. Each RF frequency involved in the variation by frequency hopping is preferably separated by 300 KHz. Such a variation mechanism by jumps also improves the transmission range of each cell in the PCS wireless system. The advantages described above of the variation by frequency jumps can also be carried out by means of a variation scheme by antenna jumps. The variation by antenna jumps involves transmission over different antennas to provide increased scrambling in the RF signal received by an SU 20. Each RP 50 is programmed to transmit a variation sequence by distinguishable antenna jumps and a variation code by antenna jumps that identifies the transmitted sequence. Preferably, a DSP in the SU 20 receives the code and responds to the sequence of variation by antenna jumps. Another preferred embodiment can provide time diversity by interleaving a plurality of structures. Interleaving involves segmentation of a digital signal, such as a digitized speech signal, over a predetermined number of message structures. The number of interleaved structures is proportional to the randomization in the received RF signal, but an increasing number of structures increases the transmission delay. A person skilled in the art can choose the optimum number of interleaved structures for a given application. After the reception and sub-conversion of the RF frequencies and the selection of diversity, the signal is then processed through a parallel-to-serial (P / S) converter 166 and is introduced in serial format to a decoder of channel 168. The channel decoder 168 decodes the correlation information. In a preferred embodiment, the channel decoder 168 comprises a Xilinx microcircuit XC4005-6PQ208C. The decoded information in the channel decoder 168 is then advanced to a reception buffer 170 before being sent on a data bus 173 to a destination determined by the digital signal processor 174. The voice information is transmitted along the data bus 173 to the DSP 174. The DSP 174 decodes the 32 kbps ADPCM in a 64 kbps PCM. The PCM 176 encoder / decoder receives the mu-standard PCM of 64 kbps and decodes it into an analogous signal. The analog signal is then processed in a Data Access Facility (DAA) 178 for transmission along the telephone lines. If the information placed on the data bus 173 is data information, the data information is then directed by the DSP 174 to the appropriate data ports 188, 186. The data ports 188, 186 are connected to the data bus 173 through a DUART that translates the information into a serial, asynchronous input / output form, which is then delivered to an RS-232 port 184. Alternatively, if the information placed on the data bus 173 is attempted processed through a WACS / PACS network, then the information is routed through a TI 190 transport, which may preferably comprise an AT &amp microcircuit; T 1711SA, which communicates with an RPC 30. In the alternative mode mentioned above, where the RP 50 is connected to an RPC (or another RP) through existing CATV lines, the TI 190 transport is replaced with a transport able to modulate / demodulate the information up to the 5-50 MHz band available in the CATV line. The voice information received from the telephone lines or the RPC 30 is transferred along the data bus 173 to the transmission buffer 194 in preparation for coding in a channel encoder 196. In a preferred embodiment, the Channel encoder is a microcircuit Xilinx XC4005-6PQ208C. The encoder 196 is programmed with the algorithm set forth in the Bellcore specification in the microprogram installed in a PROM 198. The RP 50 also has a memory block 175 for extra program storage capacity. The channel encoder 196 encodes the 32 kbps ADPCM signal with the information regarding timing and synchronization. The encoded ADPCM signal is processed through a serial-to-parallel (S / P) 200 device in order to configure the signal for modulation in a modulator 202 which then transfers the signal to a digital-to-analog converter (D / A) 204. After conversion to analogous form, the modulated signal is then converted to an RF transmit signal in an RF transmitting section 206. The RF signal containing the encoded data is then transferred to the length of the transmission antenna 208 to the appropriate SU 20. For data transmission where no coding is necessary, the encoder 196 and the S / P converter 200 are derived and the data bus 173 is connected directly to the modulator 202. This decision can preferably be controlled by a digital signal processor (DSP) 174. Another feature incorporated in the RP 50 is the power control in connection with a subscriber unit 20. The radio port 50 collects the The signal received at the received signal resistance (RSSI) 172 is received. The RSSI 172 is located on the RF receiving portion of the RP 50. A bit of word error indication (WEI) is also received at from an SU 20 and transferred through the DSP 174 to the RPC 30. Generally the RP 50 transmits a time division multiple transmission (TDM) with 8 time slots. The RP 50 uses one of the time slots as a system broadcast channel (SBC) for reference by the SU 20 in transmitted synchronization structures. Just when the SU 20 transmits to one of the 8 slots in bursts, the RP 50 transmits over all 8 slots. When transmitted, the RP 50 is synchronized with the rest of the system 10 using a synchronization generator 192 which preferably operates at 400 kilohertz. The synchronization aspects of the eight slot message 70 transmitted by the RP 50 are important both because the information sent from an SU 20 must be synchronized to fit in the appropriate slot in a structure as well as because the information transmitted to the RP 50 and then on IT lines must be synchronous with the time slots available and expected by the system 10. As mentioned above, a preferred format for the interface between the RP 50 and the RPC is DSl on an IT line. Similar to the time slots in the eight-slot message transmitted between the SU 20 and the RP 50, the line TI connected to the RPC 30 also has timeslots DSl that must be synchronized with the information. Referring again to FIG. 5, the formatted information transmitted through RF frequencies from the RP 50 to the SU 20 is illustrated. The SBC time slot contains 10 bits as the other 7 time slots. However, the 64-bit fast channel (FC) is not used in the SBC. In a preferred embodiment, a universal circuit board can be used to construct either a radio port 50 or a subscriber unit 20. The different components can be loaded depending on whether the universal board is to be an RP or an SU (or an RP). / Hybrid RPC in an alternative embodiment discussed herein). Alternatively, the universal circuit board can have all the functional elements for the RP and SU configurations loaded and the specific configuration enabled can be determined by a simple hardware or software switch. As best shown in Figure 10, the universal board 1000 has two antennas 1001 connected to two reception chains 1002. A transmission chain 1004 is connected to an antenna 1001 through a transmit / receive switch 1003. The two antennas The reception arrays are connected to an antenna diversity selector 1005. The reception chains 1002 and the transmission chain 1004 are linked to a data bus 1008. An encoder / decoder 1006 is also linked to the data bus, and a block memory 1007. The board further contains a DSP 1009 connected to a PSM encoder / decoder 1010. The DSP 1009 is also connected to the data bus 1008. The PCM 1010 encoder / decoder is connected to a SLIC 1011, to a PCM connector. YOUR laptop 1012 and a DAA 1013. The DAA 1013 is connected to a PSTN port 1014 and the SLIC 1011 is connected to an analog telephone connector 1015. An IT 1016 transport is connected to the data bus 1008 and a port of RP / RPC 1 017. The data bus 1008 is further linked to a DUART 1018 which, in turn, is connected to an RS-232 connector 1019. The connector 1019 is linked to both a debug port 1020 and a data port 1021 In a preferred embodiment of the universal circuit board 1000, an SU can be created by disconnecting or disabling a reception chain 1002, the DAA 1013, and the transport TI 1016. In addition, the appropriate program for encoding / decoding the signal synchronization is placed in the memory 1007. In an alternative embodiment, the encoding / decoding program for both the RP and the SU can be loaded into the memory 1007 for later designation by instructions received in the debug port 1020, by means of a hardware switch on the universal board, or by a decision of the DSP 1009. The differentiation between a fixed SU and a portable SU can also be made with the universal board 1000 in a preferred embodiment. By disabling or not connecting a SLIC 1011, in addition to other changes needed to create an SU, the 1000 board is suitable for use as a portable SU. A fixed SU is created by enabling or connecting a SLIC 1011 and disabling or disconnecting the connector of HIS laptop 1012. In another mode, the universal circuit board can be configured as an RP. By disabling or disconnecting the SLIC 1011 and the connector of its portable 1012, the universal board 1000 has substantially all the functions necessary to operate as an RP. In addition, another preferred embodiment of the universal board 1000 as an RP includes the customization of the RP type required for a specific configuration. For example, an RP that will only be used to connect directly to the PSTN does not need the Ti 1016 transport circuitry. The power supply requirements in the universal board 1000 can be met by either the inclusion of the necessary components or by the circuitry of external energy supply, both of which are easily carried out by someone of ordinary experience in the field. The currently preferred mode of the universal 1000 board adds flexibility to the planning of the WACS / PACS PCS system and requires that fewer parts be kept in storage for repairs or replacements of parts of the system. RADIO PORT CONTROLLER Another central component in the wireless personal communication system is the radio port controller (RPC) 300. The RPC 300 handles RP resources and controls the transport of information between a network switch 80 and its RPs 50. The RPC 300 communicates with at least one RP 50 and with at least one switch 80. The interface of RP 50 is preferably a layer 1 interface of DSl which allows a transparent channel of 64 kb / s and an interphase of TDM / TDMA layer 2 represents the TDM / TDMA time slots for the DSl channels. The RPC 300 for the switch interface 80 is preferably a DSl physical interface using the ISDN Basic Rate Interface communication protocol BR1. defined in the Bellcore specification.

In the basic configuration contemplated by the Bellcore specification, the RPC 300 performs call processing functions and transcodes the compressed data into complete PCM data and vice versa. The RPC 300 exchanges the signaling information with the SU 20 and collects performance monitoring information (e.g., radio link quality, channel usage, channel allocation, traffic data, and system capacity information). Figure 11 is a functional block diagram of a potential mode of an RPC 300. The RPC 300 includes a DSl line interface module of RP 301 connected to the RPs 50 over the DSl communication links of the RP 318 and to a module of DSl line interface by switch 302 connected to switch 80 over DSl communication links by switch 320. RPC 300 also includes a radio interface function module 308 in communication with the RP DSl line interface module. 301 through a RP-T1 bus 306 and a switch interface function module 310 in communication with the DSl line interface module per switch 302 via a switch CT bus 304. The function module of radio interface 308 and the switch interface function module 310 are connected to an auxiliary communication function module 312. The auxiliary communication function module 312 is connected to the AM 90, prefer It is connected to the OMC 70, preferably over a second TCP / IP interface of Ethernet 316. The interface module of the line interface is connected to the Ethernet interface TCP / IP 314.

RP-DS1 301 preferably consists of the physical, mechanical and electrical functions required for the support of the lines DSl 1.544 318 for the RPs 50. The function module of the line-by-switch interface DSl 302 preferably consists of the physical, mechanical functions and electrical required to support the lines DSL 1.544 320 for the switch 80. The radio interface function module 308 preferably performs the functions of multiplexing and demultiplexing the traffic and signaling information of the wireless personal communication system (WACS). or PACS) to the slots DS0 of the DSl interface for the RP 318. The radio interface function module 308 can also insert unused bits into the DSl interface of RP 318 due to the synchronization differences between the DSl line 1,544 and the time slots of the RP 50. In addition, the radio interface function module 308 generates a synchronization pattern. TDM / TDMA interface for the DSL interface of RP 318. The radio interface function module 308 also transcodes the compressed digitized voice into a mu-standard PCM voice and transcodes the mu-standard PCM voice into a compressed digitized voice . Currently, the RPC 300 compresses the voice using ADPCM encoding of 32 kb / s; however, other compression schemes such as LDKLP or ADPCM compression of 16 kb / s can be used. Although the mu-standard PCM is also used for a non-compressed voice, other digital speech representations such as a standard-A PCM can also be used. The radio interface function module 308 performs the error verification of the layer 2 information of the wireless personal communication system preferably using a 16-bit validity control, and processes the quality measurements of the radio link such as word error indication bits and co-channel interference codes received from RP 50 over the DSl interface of RP 318. The radio interface function module 308 also processes signaling messages from the wireless personal communication system of layer 2. In addition, radio interface 308 maintains TDM / TDMA time slot status information such as busy / inactive information and per call for each active call. Finally, the radio interface 308 transmits in multiple information of the alert channel and the information channel of the system based on a priority of the broadcast channel of the system that is sent over the DSl communication link of RP 318. The function module of interface per switch 310 performs the signaling functions required to communicate to the switch. More specifically, the switch interface module 310 receives and transmits call processing messages to the switch. In a preferred embodiment, the communication protocol for the switch over the DSl 320 interface is the ISDN basic ratio (BRI) interface and the interphase-by-switch function module receives, transmits and processes the ISDN communication messages. However, the interface 320 can be any other digital communication method such as a basic ISDN ratio interface (PRI) or an optical interface such as a SONET. The switch interface function module 310 also communicates with the auxiliary communication function module 312 which performs OMC and incoming call processing functions. The switch interface function module 310 communicates with the radio interface function module 308 which uses the switch bus CT 304 when outgoing calls are processed. The auxiliary communication function module 312 coordinates the activities of various RPs 50 such as by the maintenance information by RP including for example, "ascending / descending" status, radio link quality, channel usage data and traffic statistics . The auxiliary communication function module 312 directs the calls from the switch 80 to the appropriate RP 50. The auxiliary module 312 also sends, receives and processes the wireless personal communication messages from layer 3 to and from the AM 90 using the first Ethernet TCP / IP interface 314. The auxiliary module 312 is communicated to the OMC 70 on the second Ethernet 316 interface to monitor and control a software downlink load function such as when a new software version can be transferred to a component of the system. Such a transfer is particularly useful for updating the software in the SU 20. Figure 12 shows a block diagram of a preferred embodiment of an RPC 330 according to the present invention. The RPC 330 includes a global resource processor (FIG. GRP) 332, a switching transcoder / decoder module (STM) 334, a common access processor (CAP) 336, and a call control processor (CCP) 338. The RPC 330 also includes a bus backplane TI 344 and a bus backplane 346. The IT 344 bus communicates with an IT 342 card. The TI 342 card can support up to two IT 356 lines, each communicating with the RP 50. The TI 342 card communicates with the bus TI 344 on a bus slot TI 354. Similarly, a switch card TI 340 in communication with the switch on two lines TI 360 are fixed in a slot 358 on the back plate of the bus 346. The TI card of RP 342 can be installed on the ra nuras 1, 3, 5, 7 providing up to 8 IT lines to the RPs 50. The TI cards on the switch side 340 can preferably be installed in the slots 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 of the bus backplane 346 providing up to 10 TI 360 lines to the switch. The GRP 332 communicates over a main LAN 352 to the OMC 70 and the AM 90. The GRP 332 also communicates with at least one CAP 336 and at least one CCP 338 over an internal LAN 350. The GRP 332 provides access to the LAN external master 352 and carries out network management and other centralized functions of the RPC 330. Each CAP 336 communicates with preferably up to 8 STMs 334 on a high speed VME bus 348. Each STM 334 is connected to both the IT bus 344 as to the bus 346. Also, each CCP 338 is connected to the bus 346. As shown in figure 12, there may be up to 5 CAPs 336, and several, up to 4 CCPs 338 in the RPC 330.

Although Figure 12 shows a specific number of each component, the present invention is not limited to a specific number of components. Specifically, the present invention is designed to support additional components such as GRPs 332, CCPs 338, CAPs 336 and extra STMs 334. In addition, as more processors are needed, additional TI 342 cards and TI 340 switching cards can also be added. Also, it should be noted that the El 346 bus can also support El cards as well as TI 349 cards that are used in countries other than the United States, such as in Europe. In a preferred embodiment, a backplate associated with the bus 346 has a plurality of slots and each slot is adapted to receive a card either TI or El. The slot electrically connects the bus TI and the bus El to the inserted card ( TI or El), preferably using a single universal connector. In one embodiment, a manual switch connected to the backplane allows a user to manually select the type of card and the associated bus, TI or El. Alternatively, the type of card, TI or El, supported by each slot it can be configured in the software instead of using the manual switch. Each STM 334 receives and transmits interface structures of the wireless personal communication system to and from an RP 50 through an IT 356 line and the backplane bus TI 344. Preferably, an STM 344 is used to drive a line TI 356 to the RP 50. Each STM 334 also receives and transmits voice data to and from the switch in the DSO slots in any of the TI 360 lines connected to the backplane bus The 346. The CAP 336 provides interruption synchronization to the STMs 334 and send commands to the STMs 334 on the VME bus 348. The VME bus 348 allows the CAP 336 to access, read or write directly into the local memory within each STM 334. The CAP 336 can also access to the TI bus of the backplane 344. The CAP 336 communicates with the CCP 338 and the GRP 352 over the internal LAN 350. The CAP 336 includes a common processor module (CPM) which contains a processor such as an INTEL 960 processor which inc The associated circuitry and a communication microcircuit interface such as the AT & T SPYDER. The common processor communicates with either the TI 344 bus, the 346 bus, the 359 LAN, or the VME 348 bus. Each CAP 336 handles and maintains radio links for up to 8 STMs 334. Each CAP 336 maintains information such as STM numbers, radio port IDs, RF vehicles and TDM / TDMA time slots used by the radio link as well as the radio link status. Each CAP 336 generates STM 334 synchronization interrupts and advances the messages from layer 3 of the wireless personal communication system received from STM 334 to CCP 338 and sends the messages from the CCP 338 to the STM 334. The CAP 336 also processes messages from layer two of the wireless personal communication system except knowledge mode transfer messages that are handled by the STM 334. The CCP 338 provides an ISDN interface to the switch. The CCP 338 performs the processing of the switching interface including the multi-demodiplexing processing and transmission of the D-channel signal of multiple D-channels from the CT line on the side of the switch 360. The CCP 338 accesses the time slots on the bus The one on the backplane 346 that contains ISDN channel signaling information received from the switch through a communication module, such as an AT & T SPYDER. The CPC 338 also performs a layer 3 processing of the wireless personal communication system that includes the call origin, the call supply, the call disconnection and the ALT anchor processing as well as the message exchange with the CAP 336 and GRP 332 in support of layer 3 processing. GRP 332 provides centralized functions of RPC 330 such as network management, communication with the WTO, establishment and management of TCP / IP connections to the AM access manager, processing of log messages from layer 3 of the wireless access communication system, and load balancing among the multiple CCPs 338 and CAPs 336. As shown in Figure 13, the STM 334 contains a central processor (CP) 362 such as an INTEL 960 processor and 12 digital signal processors (DSP) s 364 such as Texas Instruments C30DSP processors in the preferred embodiment. The STM 334 also has a buffer 370 for communicating with the switch 80, and a communication processor such as an AT & T SPYDER for communicating with the RPs 50. The buffer 370 includes an input buffer having the same length, preferably 320 bytes, as an output buffer. The buffer The 370 contains a slot locator in advance (FSLP) to determine the current position in the buffer 370 to transmit and receive data. The FSLP may be a register containing the offset in the buffer 370 of the current byte that is being received or transmitted. The communication processor SPYDER 366 is preferably configured so that a DSl structure is divided into two superchannels. Each super channel contains 12 bytes of a payload group of the wireless personal communication system. A payload group consists of 1680 bits (16 bursts, each burst having 105 bits) of data from the RP 50. Both for transmitting and receiving, a buffer 367 configured for the SPYDER of each superchannel, consists of 16 blocks circularly linked that have 12 bytes each. The size of the buffer matches the size of the RP time slot and the number of buffers matches the teima of the payload group. This configuration allows the efficient synchronization of the payload group in addition to the efficient manipulation of data from the RP50 time slot. The DSPs 364 provide voice transcoding such as ADPCM for PCM or LDCELP for PCM as well as message processing of the layer 2 of the wireless personal communication system. The DSPs 364 communicate with the CP 362 through an internal FIFO mechanism 378. The CP 362 communicates with the CAP module 336 via the VME bus of the backplane 348 and also communicates through the LAN internal 350 during the transfer and debugging. A pair of DSPs 364 within each STM 334, a DSP 364 for processing the reception slots on the RP side and the other DSP 364 for processing the reception slots on the switching side TI 360, are assigned for each call. The CP 362 assigns each of the DSPs 364 in pairs where one DSP 364 is a DSP Rx 364 and the other is a DSP Tx 364. Each pair of DSP 364 converts the ADPCM voice from the TI line on the RP 356 side PCM voice sent to the IT line on the switch side 360 likewise compresses the PCM voice from the switch to the ADPCM voice sent to the RP 50. The pair of DSPs 364 also performs the transfer processing of the recognition mode of layer 2 of the wireless personal communication system. This processing involves the division and recombination of messages from layer 3 into multiple segments of layer 2; the maintenance of a sequential number, validity control, and recognition data; and retransmitting messages from layer 2. The pair of DSPs 364 also performs the PR signal quality measurements such as RSSI measurements. The pair of DSPs 364 processes the RSSI values received from the RP 50 on the line Ti 356 and provides the best time slot information from the RP to the CP 362. The CP 362 receives messages from the wireless personal communication system from the RP 50 and distributes the data to the pair of DSPs 364. The CP 362 also receives the PCM voice from the switch and distributes the data in the pair of DSPs 364 that handle the call. The CP 362 synchronizes the messages of the wireless personal communication system on the RP side and carries out the advance of the message of layer 3 and layer 2 of the wireless personal communication system between the CAP 336 and the pair of DSPs 364 The CP 362 also marks the next available slot for a call to the RP that uses the RSSI information received from the DSPs 364. Finally, the CP 362 processes the anchor time slot exchange information. As shown in Figure 14, the CP 362 in the STM 334 preferably contains a secondary process 400, an interruption process 410, a DSP interface 422, and various memory components. The memory components include data structures such as the VME buffer 416, the time slot control blocks 418, the uplink circular row 424, the downlink circular row 426, and the DSP 420 indicators. The VME buffer 416 is connected to the VME BUS 348 and allows communication between the STM 334 and the CAP 336. The time slot control blocks 418 preferably include 16 blocks grouped in an installation with one block per slot. TI time 368. The time slot control blocks 418 contain all the information required by a payload interruption process 412 to process the voice and layer 2 messages related to each time slot in the IT line of RP 368. The indicators of DSP 420 include an installation of status indicators, one for each DSP 364. In the preferred mode there are 12 DSPs so the installation contains 12 inputs of DSP indicator. Each indicator input is used to dial if a DSP 364 is available for use by the payload interrupt process 412. The interrupt process 410 performs all critical time processing including the construction of a load envelope useful of the wireless personal communication system and determines which time slot to mark as available. The secondary process 400 performs non-critical time functions required by the STM 334.

In a preferred embodiment, the secondary process 400 consists of the background task 402, the signal quality task 404, and the configuration task 406. The background task 402 preferably performs the following functions: sending the verification messages of health to the control CAP 336, verify the health of the DSPs 364 and reload the DSPs 364 reporting a large number of errors, monitor and, if necessary, restore the hardware such as the bus 346, process the orders received from the CAP 336, and monitor the alarm conditions of the STM 334. The alarm conditions of the STM 334 may include loss of the TI clock, loss of or unstable interruption of the CAP 336, communication failure of the STM 334 to the CAP 336, failure of the DSP 364, loss of synchronization in the TI of RP 368, and failure of the buffer 370. The signal quality task 404 periodically processes the signal quality measurement data of the RP 50 such The RSSI data received from the DSP 364 and uses the signal quality data to mark the next best available time slot in the time slot control block 418. Preferably, the configuration task 406 is responsible for the processing of the STM 334 configuration messages received from the CAP 336 during the initialization and reconfiguration of the STM 334. A more detailed description of initialization and hardware configuration can be found in US Patent No. 5,299,198, incorporated the entire disclosure in the present for reference. The interrupt process 410 includes the payload interruption process of the wireless personal communication system 412 and an anchor interruption process 414. The payload interruption process 412 is controlled by a control interruption, preferably of 500 microseconds of duration, generated by the CAP 336. In a preferred embodiment, the payload interruption process 412 periodically performs the following functions: voice processing, marking the next available slot, processing layers 2 and 3 of the system wireless personal communication, and establishment of the active 418 time slot control block after receipt of a busy time slot indication. Voice processing involves moving data from the input buffer 370 to the DSP 364 for compression, such as ADPCM compression, and then moving the compressed data to the transmit buffer 367 to be issued to the IT line of RP 368. Voice processing also includes receiving voice data from the reception buffer 367 and decompressing the data in PCM data and placing the PCM data in the output buffer 370. Message processing in layers 2 and 3 involves the processing of both uplink and downlink messages. For the uplink, a message received from the SU 20 is inserted into the circular row of uplink time slot 424. For the downlink, a message from the CAP 336 is inserted into the circular row of time slot of downlink 426 indicating that the message is available for transmission over the TI line of RP 368. Preferably, the anchor interruption process 414 is enabled when the STM 334 is configured for the anchor mode. The anchor interrupt routine 414 preferably moves the data from the input buffer 370 for a particular DSO slot of the line TI 372 to the output buffer 370 by effectively cycling the data from the switch. The DSP interface module 422 can communicate with the DSPs 364 using the FIFO 374. The DSP interface 422 can send and receive messages formatted for the DSPs 364 on a FIFO data bus 376 when reading and writing data. When an order is sent to the DSP 364 it can also be written to the FIFO 374. The CP 362 then issues an interrupt to the DSP 364, and the DSP 364 preferably processes the command and inserts a response back to the bidirectional FIFO 374. Each response of the DSP 364 contains a response status code. In a preferred embodiment, the following response status codes are available: no error (0x00), PCM data returned (0x01), payload returned from the wireless personal communication system (0x02), layer 2 message returned ( 0x03), message of layer 3 returned (0x04), INFO_ACK in process (0x05), message segment of layer 3 in response (0x06), message of recognized layer 3 (0x07), error (Oxff). Each response from the DSP 364 also contains a status field of NR / TR that contains the status of the DSP synchronizer parameters 364 (TRxxx) and counter (NRxxx). The status field NR / TR is represented in bits with each bit set to 1 if the counter value of NRxxx has been exceeded or the TRxxx synchronizer has expired. In the preferred embodiment, the NR / TR status field includes: bit 0 - synchronizer TR216, bit 1 - synchronizer TR217, bit 2 - synchronizer TR218, bit 3 - count NR210, bit 4 - count NR211, bit 5 - count NR212 , and bit 6 - count NR213. Each command or response of the CP 362 to the DSP 364 includes a time slot number corresponding to the TI time slot of RP 368 that is in process. The time slots 0 to 7 are assigned to the first frequency in the payload group of the wireless personal communication system and from 8 to 15 are assigned to the second frequency in the payload group. Some of the orders or responses of CP 362 to DSP 364 includes a field of type SC and a data field SC that is independent of the field of type SC. Preferably, the SC type fields include the following types: system broadcast (0x00) - the SC data field contains the available bandwidth, available channel (0x01) - the SC data field contains the available bandwidth , channel occupied with CCIC (0x02) - the data field SC contains the CCIC, channel occupied with MC-S (0x03) - the data field SC contains the 4-bit segment of the MC-S, and the channel occupied with the SDC ( 0x04) - the data field SC contains 4 direct bits of the SDC. In a preferred embodiment, the following CP 362 commands and DSP 364 responses can be supported: ADPCM compression, payload processing, layer 2 message construction, layer 3 message construction, DSP configuration, deactivation of the link, and poll for layer 3. As shown in Figure 15, the ADPCM compression command has fields aligned by octal containing 16 bytes of PCM voice data. The ADPCM command also includes a length field that contains the following number of bytes in the command, an EOC field of the interleaved operations channel, SYC bits, a number of the superstructure of the wireless personal communication system, the number of time slot, SC channel type, and SC channel data. The ADPCM response contains a 12-byte payload envelope constructed by the DSP 364 as well as the response status field, the length field, and the NR / TR status field. As shown in Figure 16, the process payload command preferably contains the payload envelope to be processed. The response contains a data field that can be PCM data, a message from layer 2, a message from layer 3, or it can be empty if a message from layer 3 is pending. The response also includes the EOC, the RSSI value of signal quality, the quality indicator (Ql), the word error index (WER), the wireless superstructure number, the time slot, and the type and data of the SC channel.

As shown in Figure 17, the order to build the layer 2 message preferably contains a layer 2 message. The response includes the payload envelope that contains the layer 2 message. As shown in the figure 18, the order to construct the layer 3 message preferably includes a layer 3 message to be constructed in multiple payloads. The command may include a payload that contains a portion of the layer 3 message. Subsequent commands sent to the DSP 364 result in a response that includes payloads containing additional segments of the layer 3 message and a message status of the message. layer 3 pending until the entire message of layer 3 has been sent to RP 50. As shown in figure 19, the command to configure the DSP preferably loads the parameters of NRxxx and TRxxx into the DSP 364. The order of disabling link (not shown) causes the DSP 364 to stop any protocol in process and zero its sequence numbers for the given time slot. As shown in FIG. 20, a poll command from layer 3 can poll DSP 364 for a layer 3 recognition message from the SU 20. When the CP 362 sends a layer 3 message to the DSP 364 , the CP 362 preferably polls the DSP 364 until it receives a response having a response status of "received layer 3 message" indicating that the SU 20 has acknowledged the receipt of the layer 3 message. When the response indicates that the SU 20 has acknowledged the receipt of the message from layer 3, the length field in the response is null and the response does not contain a payload envelope. Figure 21 shows how the DSPs 364 can be assigned by the CP 362 for the processing of the individual payload casings in a payload group. The letter "a" is the first RF frequency in the payload group. As shown, the DSPs 364 are grouped in pairs, a transmission DSP and a reception DSP. The DSPs 364 are grouped in pairs so that signaling may occur for the processing of the ACK_MODE_TRANS and INFO_ACK messages by using a dual port shared RAM between the pair of DSPs 364. Although FIG. 11 only shows the allocation of DSPs 364 for a single RF frequency, other assignments of DSPs 364 are possible for handling multiple RF frequencies. According to another aspect of the present invention, STM 334 operates in the following manner. For the downlink voice processing, the STM 334 moves the voice data from the switch 80 to the SU 20. The downlink voice processing of the STM 334 is initiated by the payload interrupt process 382. After 16 bytes of data have been received in the buffer area 370, the CP 362 composes the 16 bytes of voice data in a compression command sent to a transmission DSP (Tx) 364. The DSP of Tx 364 converts the 16 bytes of PCM voice data in ADPCM data and forms a payload envelope containing the compressed data. The payload envelope containing the compressed voice data is then moved to the buffer area 367 for transmission over the TI line of RP 368. The uplink voice processing of the STM 334 requires the STM 334 to move the voice data from the SU 20 to the switch. When a payload envelope has been received in the buffer area 367 and a DSP 364 assigned to the time slot is available, the payload interrupt process 382 of CP 362 formats the received data in a load order DSP process tool and send the command to the Rx DSP 364. The DSP 364 then converts the ADPCM voice of the received payload into 16 PCM voice bytes. The PCM voice is then moved from the FIFO 374 to the buffer area 370 for transmission to the switch. The downlink message processing of STM 334 involves the movement of messages from layer 2 of the CAP 336 to the SU 20. The CP 362 moves the message from layer 2 of the VME buffer 386 to the DSP of Tx 364 using the command to build the message of layer 2. The DSP of Tx 364 responds to the construction of the message of layer 2 that contains the message of layer 2. The payload containing the message of layer 2 is then moved to the buffer area 367 for transmission over the IT line 368. The processing of the uplink message of the STM 334 involves the processing of a message received from the SU 20. The payload envelope containing the message is passes to a DSP 364 available. The DSP 364 responds to the CP 362 with the layer 2 message that is then inserted in the uplink circular row 424 in the CP 362 where the message can be retrieved by the CAP 336 for further processing. The STM 334 anchor processing involves cycling all data received from the input buffer 370 to the output buffer 370 for a designated time slot. The anchoring processing is done by the CP 362 which uses the anchor interruption process 384. As shown in Figure 22, the CAP 336 preferably includes various processing and data elements. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the CAP 336 includes a unit 500 of layer 2 of the wireless personal communication system that includes a system broadcast task 502, a link manager of the personal wireless communication system 506, a state machine Layer 2 of the wireless personal communication system 504, and a radio link control block 508. The system broadcast task 502 may have three message keys. An alert channel key system, a channel information channel key and a priority demand channel key. The system diffusion task 502 preferably formulates a System Broadcast Channel (SBC) 510 Superstructure from the three message keys that are sent to the STM 334. Within the STM, the SBC Superstructure can be received in a VME SBC area 516 of the VME buffer 416. The system broadcast task 502 is preferably alerted every 1.02 seconds since the SBC 510 Superstructure has a period of 1.024 seconds. The system broadcast task 502 can also communicate with the state machine 504.

The link manager 506 communicates with a routing task 516 through messages from the CCP 338 on the internal LAN 350 and sends and receives messages from the layers 2 and 3 to the STM 334. The link manager 506 also sends commands from link to an STM management task 514 in communication with the STM 334. The VME buffer 416 has a layer 2 and layer 3 area 518 and a configuration area 520 for receiving and sending message to the link manager 506 and the STM management task 514. The link manager 506 also communicates with the state machine 504. The link manager 506 is responsible for establishing and maintaining radio links. The link manager 506 receives and processes the messages from the CCP layer 3 and advances any alert order received from the CCP to the system broadcast task 502. Messages sent to the STM 334 from the link manager 506 include header information such as the STM slot number, the payload group number, the time slot number (0/15), and the message type (layer 2 or layer 3). The STM slot number, the payload group number and the time slot number constitute a radio link identifier RLID used to identify the messages for active links. The radio link control block RLCB 508 contains an input for each radio link. Each link is identified by the STM slot number, the payload group number and the associated time slot number. The RLCB 508 contains the following fields: RLID, allocated STM frame number, assigned time slot number and current state. The STM 514 management task monitors and controls each STM associated with the CAT 336. The STM 514 administrator performs the initialization functions of the STM monitoring for the STM 334 alarms and faults, the software verification in each STM 334 , the reconstruction of the data structures from the STM 334 in the case of a failure, and the proportion of services and write commands on the VME bus 348. The state machine 504 in the preferred embodiment has been implemented as a table status of layer 2 shown in Table A below. The processing within the state machine 504 is preferably carried out as directed by the state table. The state table includes various procedures described below in detail. - 71 WACS State Procedures State Procedure S00 This state procedure performs the following when an Initial Access Demand is received in a Null State. 1. Set the current status for Pending Initial Access. SOI Status Procedure 1. Set the current status for the Uplink. State Procedure S02 This state procedure carries out the following. 1. If the anchor channel is assigned then the voice channel is activated in the anchor channel. 2. Unassign all link resources. 3. Set the current state to Null State. State Procedure S03 This status procedure carries out the following when receiving a Link Suspension in the Uplink Status. 1. Set the current state in Suspended Link State. 2. Advance LINK SUSPEND to the CCP.

Or - 3. Send the order Mute to the STM. State Procedure S04 This status procedure carries out the following when an ALT Claim is received in a Null State. 1. Establish the state in ALT in Progress. 2. Advance ALT_REQ to the CCP. State Procedure S05 This state procedure carries out the following. 1. If (Intra-ALT) then the voice path is switched to the new OSTM time slot. 2. Stop TN202. 3. Set the current status in Uplink. 4. Advance ALT_COMP to the CCP. State Procedure S06 This state procedure carries out the following. 1. Set the current status in Anchored. 2. Send the command to the Anchor STM to anchor a channel. State Procedure SO7 This state procedure carries out the following. 1. Release all call resources. 2. Set the current state to Null State. SOT State Procedure This state procedure carries out the following. 1. Set the current status in Uplink. 2. Advance LINKJESUME to the CCP. State Procedure S09 This state procedure carries out the following. 1. Set the current state to Null State. 2. Advance ACCESS_RELEASE to the CCP. SIO Status Procedure This status procedure sets the current status in ALT in Progress. As shown in Figure 23, the CCP 338 includes process components that can be executed in a processor such as an INTEL 960 processor. The CCP 338 is loaded with a multi-tasking operating system software such as VXWORKS from ind River Systems. The process components include a management task 550 that initiates and directs the messages among the other components, a call control task 552 that implements a state machine of the wireless personal communication system of layer 3, and a processing task of ISDN 554. The ISDN 554 processing task implements layers 1, 2 and 3 of the ISDN access signaling protocol defined as CCITT standard Q931 / Q921 and controls a device that formats the synchronous protocol data, which communicates with switch 80 in the central office. The ISDN 554 task is carried out using the ISDN software available from PGM &S Inc. at 1025 Briggs Road, Suite 100, Mt. Laurel, NJ 08054. The administration task 550 preferably produces the other components and directs all the input and output messages from the AM 90 and the CAP 336. In a preferred embodiment, the call control task 552 has a filament for each active call. Each filament can be an example of the state machine of layer 3 of the wireless personal communication system defined in the form of a table in Appendix A. The table of the state machine defined in Appendix A contains many terms defined in the specification Bellcore. Also, persons skilled in the art will recognize that the Peripheral Intelligence Services (ISP) support the AM 90. The call control task 552 may also have a filament that carries out the handling of ALT DN and a filament that directs the messages to and from each of the filaments of the state machine. The Global Resource Processor (GRP) 332 is a collection of tasks and functions that are preferably executable on a CPM board that includes an Intel 960 processor. As shown in Figure 24, the GRP 332 includes a message router 600, a resource manager (RM) 604, a call distribution manager (CDM) 606, an administrative interface 608, a network administrator system agent (NMS) 610, and an entry / exit port administrator (IOPM) 612 The message router 600 communicates with the AM 90 and the OMC 90 over the main LAN 352 and communicates with the other RPC components over the RPC 350 LAN. The message router 600 is connected to the RM 604, the NMS agent 610 and CDM 606. CDM 606 is connected to RP 604 through an overload data block 616. CDM 606 also connects to administrative interface 608 and message router 600. IOPM 612 is connected to a function module of ta 10 614 card that communicates with external communication links such as IT lines. The IOPM 612 connects to the CDM 606 and the administrative interface 608. The task of RM 604 is the central RPC component 330 responsible for handling resource deficiencies throughout the RPC 330. This task 604 handles the shortcomings of the buffers and the row in the components of RPC 330 that indicate that a CPU of the components was over-used with respect to the available memory of the components. The RM 604 follows the trace of the global resources that allow the CDM 606 to balance the load among the RPC processors. The RM 604 can obstruct the activity of the system within its control in such a way that the offered traffic load is balanced against the available system resources. The RM 604 prevents the system from reaching a critical point at which the increased activity results in a collapse of the components under the control of the RM 604. The RM 604 handles the overload reporting messages received from the components in the RPC 330 of the associated GRP 332. For each overload reporting message, the RM 604 registers appropriate statistics, and sends an acknowledgment to the sending component. The RM 604 manages a table of system resources based on the overload reporting messages. The RM 604 can receive orders for statistical reports from the NMS Agent (AGNT) 610. The RM 604 recognizes the beginning of a large overload of the system in a way that protects against an additional overload, reacts to the overload in a way that is specific to the overload area and corresponds to the severity of the overload level. RM 604 allocates and tracks available system resources within the RPC to prioritize traffic in the order of emergency calls, existing traffic, and then new traffic with respect to available resources. The GRP 332 provides an interface to the OMC 70 to carry out network management functions. The Network Management Agent 610 provides a transport mechanism to support these functions or can directly carry out network management functions. The NMS 610 Agent performs the following functions: maintains statistics through application tasks in a global memory area, provides statistics to the WTO 70, monitors traces and controls indicators, maintains summary status information, processes claims of alarm and call control, and supports the load and reconciliation of the processor's downline. Call control demands include call monitoring, call tracking, call path allocation, forced call transfer, and forced call clearing. The NMS agent 610 also handles the administration of the call log, the control of components in response to OMC commands, and the debugging and probability support such as emptying the upline, and read / write memory. The Call Distribution Manager (CDM) 606 provides call distribution and network management services. When a call setup is initiated, the CDM 606 determines the call identifier (RCID) and selects a CCP 338 for the call. The CDM 606 handles call handling demands (by controlling the appropriate CCP 338) from the WTO 70 such as call monitoring, forcing an ALT, clarifying a call and searching the status or statistics of a call. The message router 600 allows the GRP 332 to perform the call processing functions including the distribution demands for the call origins between the active CCPs 338, providing through the main LAN 352 an interface with other RPCs, starting the limited disconnection of active calls when the CCPs 338 fail, and polling the active CCPs 338 for the current call status information when switching on a backup GRP 332. The IOPM 612 indicates when failures occur in the TI line when polling frequently Cards 10 614 that minimize the time between failure and the resulting action. The IOPM 612 maintains and reports to the WTO 70 the status of 1/0 ports. The IOPM 612 also monitors the I / O ports for alarm conditions and reports the cases to the OMC 70. Finally the IOPM 612 can carry out the switching of the 'IT' backup cards in response to alarm conditions or a demand of operator. Another preferred embodiment allows the RPC 330 to perform functions traditionally handled in the AM 90. An RPC 330 that traditionally performs AM functions can be implemented by adding a GRP 332 with a disk unit associated with the RPC 330. The Disk includes various databases. The databases can provide subscriber characteristics, dynamic subscriber data, radio equipment configuration, alteration of the area map, location of the terminal, addressing instructions, call processing activity information, subscriber status, encryption information, or other desired subscriber information. Traditionally, the AM functions provided in the RPC 330 over the added GRP 332 include the authentication and registration of the subscribers, the administration of the radio network, the handling of the billing information, and interaction with the database for determine the radio location of the subscribers, the status, the alert information, and the determining characteristics. The GRP 332 can also control the stage 2 alert process by first locating the SU 20 and then directing the switch to establish a voice connection to the RP 50 and alert the subscriber. The GRP 332 works with the switch to provide an originating service to wireless calls. The GRP 332 instructs the switch 80 to associate the call origin with the subscriber. The GRP 332 can request the database of the subscriber's source characteristics and control the switch to provide that set of characteristics. Although a single added GRP 332 and a disk unit have been set forth, the present invention is not limited to the number or installation of GRPs 332 or to storage devices such as disk drives used to carry out at least some traditional AM functions. A network including multiple GRPs 332, storage devices or other RPC 330 processing components can be installed in various ways to efficiently implement AM functions in the traditional manner of the RPC 330 of the present invention. Examples of Message Flow RPC Operation Figure 25 shows the messages transmitted between various elements of RPC 330 and SU 20 for an initial access message of layer 2. CP 362 (labeled STM960 in Figure 25) receives a payload from the TI line of RP 368 communicating with the SU 20. The CP 362 distributes the payload on multiple Rx 364 DSPs to handle the individual time slots in the payload. Each DSP of Rx 364 parses the fast channel of time slot and determines that the payload contains an initial access message. The DSP 364 resets the transfer-mode-recognition link (NS / NR) variables and then advances the initial access message via the CP 362 to the CAP 336 via the internal VME bus 348. The link manager 506 in the CAP 336 performs the necessary processing of the layer 2 protocol using the state machine 504 and sends an access confirmation message through the CP 362 to the Tx 364 DSP. The Tx 364 DESP formats the message of confirmation of access in the fast channel of the time slot in a payload to be sent to the SU 20 on the TI line of RP 368. Figure 26 shows the message flow for a call originating from an SU 20. RX DSP 364 parses the fast channel and determines that the call origin message is a transfer-mode-acknowledgment message (layer 3). The Rx DSP 364 performs a transfer-mode-recognition processing that includes the assembly of the call origin message from multiple segments received in the fast channel. The Rx DSP 364 also validates the validity control and sends a message from the Information Recognition Layer 2 through a shared RAM to the Tx 364 DSP for transmission over the TI line of RP 368 to the SU 20. When the complete call originating message of layer 3 has been received, the Rx DSP 364 advances the message to the CCP 338 through the CAP 336. The CCP 338 carries out the processing of the layer 3 after receiving the message. call origin message as defined in the layer 3 state machine (see Appendix A) and executed by the call control task 552. Layer 3 processing includes a message exchange with the AM 90 and sends a layer 3 message of RCID mapping to the Tx 364 DSP through the CAP 336 and the CP 362. The Tx 364 DSP fragments the layer 3 message into multiple segments, if necessary, and sends the RCID assignment message to the SU 20. The Tx DSP 364 then performs mode-recognition transfer processing such as waiting for any information recognition message from layer 2 and the retransmission of any message segment not received.

The other messages shown in Figure 26 are processed in a similar manner until the call is established and a communication path is established through the RPC 330. Figure 27 shows the flow of the RPC message 330 for a call supply. First, CPC 338 receives an alert message from AM 90 and sends an internal alert message to CAP 336. CAP 336 uses the 502 system broadcast task to format an SBC 510 superstructure that is sent to each STM 334 handled by the CAP 336. The SBC superstructure message is then transmitted for each STM 334 in the SBC slot of the payload on the TI line of RP 368. The remaining messages are the messages of layer 2 and Layer 3 proceeding in a manner similar to that described for the call origin until a call connection is established. OTHER SYSTEM CONFIGURATIONS The PCS system can use the components in a variety of configurations. Figure 28 shows a preferred embodiment of a portion of a PCS 200 system having a hybrid RP / RPCS 202 capable of switching calls between two or more SUs 204, 206. In this embodiment, the hybrid RP / RPC 202 contains the hardware of a regular RP 50 as described above and also includes a time slot exchange device 218. The time slot interface device 216 is capable of switching the information between the time slot structures in the eight structure messages 60, 70 of the TDM / TDMA format. The hybrid RP / RPC 202 contains two channel units (CU1, CU2) 212, 214, a switch 210, a time slot interface (TS1) 216, and an interface card TI 218. The TS1 216 connects a location of memory in the CU1 212 to a memory location in the CU2 214. The signals received from a first SU (SU1) 204 in the antenna assembly 208 of the hybrid RP / RPC 202 are transmitted through the switch 210 to the CU1 212 The signals received from a second SU (SU2) received in the antenna assembly 208 are transmitted through the switch 210 to the CU2 214. Both CU1 212 and CU2 214 communicate with the TSI 216. The TS1 216 changes the information between the time slots transmitted by the respective SUs 204, 206 to complete an SU to the SU call. In a preferred embodiment, four separate calls, each having one SU 20 at each end of the call, can be handled by a single hybrid RP / RPC 202. Figure 29 illustrates a bifurcation of the standard configuration of a PCS system wireless 220. The system 220 includes an SU 222, an RP 224, an RPC 226 and an AM 228. The SU 222 can be either portable or fixed. The RP 224 is preferably mounted on a telephone pole for better radiofrequency reception and convenient access to telephone lines. The RPC 226 handles at least one RP 224 and the calls are monitored by the AM 228. The RPC 226 connects to the PSTN 230 to direct calls that can not be switched within the system 220. Figure 30 shows a wireless PCS system independent 232. The independent 232 system can act as an advanced wireless telephone system. The RP 234 is mounted next to a home or business in this mode. By driving the RP 234 from below the position at the telephone pole (see figure 29) as is the case in a more standard configuration, the system 232 acts more like a wireless telephone system with the additional benefits of digital signal processing. One or more portable SUs 236 can communicate with RP 234. Alternatively, a mixture of portable and fixed SUs can communicate with RP 234. RP 234 can communicate with an RPC or with the PSTN directly. Preferably, the RP 234 receives the radio signals from one or more SUs 236 and then places the 64 kbps PCM digital signals on the telephone lines through a standard RJ-11 telephone connector and a drop wire 238 subject to the structure in which the RP 234 is located. The independent system 232 may also include paging and internal call characteristics between the SUs 236 over unauthorized frequencies. In another modality of the independent system 232 a hybrid RP / RPC, as described above, it can replace RP 234. Still another embodiment of the system 232 includes an RP 234 mounted on the interior or exterior of a structure where there is no lead wire 238. Instead of communicating through a wire for connections 238, the system uses a configured RP to send and receive signals to another RP placed, for example, at a telephone pole on a radio link. Figure 31 shows another modality of an SU. In this mode, the SU is built on a 260 computer board. The SU 260 computer board may have only data capacity or may have data and voice. The SU board is simply placed on a personal or other computer form 262 and may be part of any of the configurations of the system described herein. Figure 32 shows another preferred embodiment of a wireless PCS system 238. In this embodiment, the multiple RPs 240 can be linked together and connected to a single TI, or compatible 242 line. The RPs 240 can be connected together in a serial fashion. As with the RP 50 - RPC 30 interface, the interface can be a DSl, HDSL, cable, microwave, or optical interface. Each RP 240 has access to a predetermined number of time slots in a message 60, 70. By dividing the ascending time slots by the number of connected RPs 240, only one TI 242 line is needed, thereby saving extra wiring fees and Use the system operator. In addition, RPs connected in series can be used in a standalone system or can be connected to the PSTN. In one variation, RPs 240 can only be tuned to a single RF frequency such that only eight calls can be handled. In another variation, multiple frequencies, each capable of containing a message of eight structures 60, 70, can be handled by the RPs 290 in order to use all available time slots in an IT line or other interface. Also, a hybrid RP / RPC can be used in the serial configuration. Other network configurations can also be implemented in a currently preferred PCS system. Figure 33 illustrates a star configuration 243. The star configuration 243 may have chains of RPs 244 linked along a single or multiple TI 246 lines. A central RP 248 may be internally configured to pass signals along , however, many bifurcations are included. Another mode of the star configuration includes a RP 248 or a hybrid RP / RPC connected to an IT or other suitable link that connects to the PSTN, an RPC or another local area network (LAN). Figure 34 shows another network configuration of RPs 252. The circular LAN 251 can be connected to IT or other type of data connections 254 capable of containing the PCS message structures. Figure 35 best shows a portion of a 256 system for use in remote areas or areas lacking any telephone infrastructure. The system 256 may include a SU or SUs 258 in communication with an RP 260 which is a simple repeater / relay that transmits to another RP 260 relay. The one or more repeaters of RP 260 may transmit to a standard RP 262 in communication with an RPC 264 and a standard PCS system. Also, the RP 260 repeaters can connect the SU 258 to a hybrid RP / RPC to switch calls or other remote SUs. The flexibility of the repeater system 256 would allow independent systems to exist, to communicate with each other if they wish, and then to transform them into a public network if they wish.

Claims (20)

1. NOVELTY OF THE INVENTION Having described the present invention, it is considered as a novelty and therefore the property described in the following claims is claimed as property. 1. A wireless personal communication system that includes: a radio port; a first subscriber unit; and a second subscriber unit communicating with said first subscriber unit directly through said radio port and independently of any other switching device. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that said second subscriber unit is in direct communication with said first subscriber unit. The system according to claim 2, characterized in that said second subscriber unit communicates with said first subscriber unit on an unauthorized frequency. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that said first subscriber unit can be accessed individually using the same dialed number as said second subscriber unit. 5. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that said system is an independent system. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that said second subscriber communicates with said first subscriber over an unused bandwidth available on existing cable television wires. The system according to claim 1, characterized in that it also includes a radio port controller connected to said radio port, wherein said radio port controller has at least one digital microprocessor, said microprocessor having an interruption of at least 1 millisecond. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that said radio port controller includes a switching transcoder module (STM) having a plurality of digital signal processors, each digital signal processor capable of processing both messages of the communication system personal and digitalized voice. The system according to claim 8, characterized in that it further comprises a plurality of intermediate memory stores in communication with said plurality of digital signal processors. The system according to claim 9, characterized in that said buffers are circular buffers adapted to receive and transmit messages from the personal communication system coming from a radio port or a digital switch. The system according to claim 10, characterized in that each STM further includes a central processor for assigning each time slot in each communication line TI to at least one of said digital signal processors. The system according to claim 11, characterized in that said central processor communicates with each digital signal processor using inter-processor data messages. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that said radio port controller includes a channel access processor (CAP) for processing the messages of the personal communication system of layer 2. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that said radio port controller includes a plurality of processors that execute a multi-tasking operating system wherein at least one of said processors creates a filament associated with a call processing routine. The system according to claim 7, characterized in that said radio port controller includes: a first global resource processor for balancing the load between different processors in the radio port controller; a second global resource processor; a disk unit coupled to the second global resource processor; and said second global resource processor cooperates with said disk unit to carry out at least some of the traditional functions of the access manager. 16. A method for maintaining the user's registration data in a wireless personal communications system comprising the steps of: synchronizing the period directly after the interruption in an internal synchronizer of a subscriber unit; maintain the internal energy and a connection to a personal communications system until the synchronizer reaches a predetermined value; and interrupting the current of the subscriber unit after the synchronizer reaches the predetermined value. 17. A wireless personal communication system comprising: a communication link; a first radio port; and a second radio port in direct communication with said first radio port through said communications link. 18. The system according to claim 17, characterized in that said communication link is a local area network. The system according to claim 18, characterized in that the communication link contains both audio and video signals. The system according to claim 17, characterized in that said communication link is an unused bandwidth available in existing cable television wires.