MXPA96003861A - Arbo protection - Google Patents

Abstract

A method to protect trees of the Musaceae or Plantaginaceae families from destructive pests, in which the trees to be protected share a common system of

Description

TREE PROTECTION DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to a new method to protect trees of the Musaceae (banana) and Plan-tagináceas families (llantenes) from harmful or destructive pests. Global regulatory requirements on the use of pesticides are increasingly demanded, particularly in relation to unmanageable or unnecessary pesticide residues. Thus, there are mutually contradictory requirements on the part of farmers that, on the one hand, the need to totally suppress destructive pests demands that more pesticides be used, and, on the other hand, the increasing pressures of regulatory bodies demand that they be used. less pesticides. These regulatory demands aim to protect the safety and health of agricultural workers and the general public. It is also known that the general public would like less chemical waste in fruits and vegetables. A particular consequence of this situation is that there is a growing need to have more effective methods of protecting bananas and plantains. It is known that said fruit trees attract a large number of pests, particularly insects and destructive nematodes. A common technique for growing bananas or plantains is to let them grow in large blocks or plantations. The trees are arranged as mother plants that have a series (for example 1 to 5, generally 1 to 3) of shoots or shoots, that is to say daughters plants, that leave the bulb (it is de-cir, of the base of the pseudo-trunk ) of the mother plant. Therefore, mothers and daughters share a common root system. At an appropriate time before harvesting the fruit of the mother plants or trees, all the daughter plants are cut except one for the mother plant, with the agri-farmer deciding which one has the best chance of survival. This practice allows the REF to be easily produced: 23096 next generation of banana or plantain plants. The elimination of the daughter plants after the harvest of the mother plants is possible, but it is preferable to do it before for agronomic reasons. The fruits of the bananas are harvested by cutting the bunches of fruits. Next, the mother trees are cut to eliminate the cups. The remaining pseudo-logs generally have a height range of 0.5 meters to 2.5 meters. This practice facilitates the growth of daughter plants. The pseudo-stem stock is then left until it withers or is cut in stages until only one pseudo-stem child remains. Accordingly, there is a need to provide an improved method for protecting pineapple bananas and plantains, which is effective against destructive pests, especially insects and nematodes and in which the interval from treatment of said trees by a pesticide to the harvest is as long as possible and in which the worker's exposure is at a minimum level. It has now been found that these needs can be met in whole or in part by means of the present invention. According to the invention, a pesticide is found which is more advantageously applied to the pseudo-stem of the cut mother tree to protect the son tree. In another embodiment, after the initial removal of the crown from the parent tree, the daughter plants can be allowed to develop and the size of the pseudo-parent stem gradually reduced by subsequent cuts. During this time a pesticide can be applied to the pseudo-stem stock at any point, including when the pseudo-stem stock has been effectively removed. However, it is more advantageous to apply the pesticide in the first part of the development of the daughter plant to maximize the treatment-harvest time interval. The present invention relates to a method for protecting two or more trees of the Musaceae or Plan-taigaceae families from destructive pests, in which the trees to be protected share a common system of roots, said method comprising: (a) cutting one of the trees that share said root system to collect its fruit, and (b) subsequently introducing a pesticide into said cut tree. The pesticide can be introduced into any portion of said cut tree. According to one aspect of the invention, the pesticide is introduced into the cut of the tree. According to another aspect of the invention, the tree is cut to eliminate its crown after the separation of the fruit and before the introduction of the pesticide. The pesticide, in a preferred aspect of the invention, is then introduced into the cut of the tree formed by the elimination of the cup. The pesticide is generally an insecticide, nematocide, fungicide or plant growth regulator, preferably an insecticide or nematicide. The pesticide is preferably transportable and more preferably soluble in water at room temperature, the solubility in water being generally greater than 0.5 g / 1, preferably greater than 2 g / 1 at room temperature. The pesticide may be provided in a formulation that is generally transportable and more preferably soluble in water at room temperature. Banana or plantain species that are preferably protected according to the present invention are Musa textilis, Musa sapientum or Musa paradisica. The pesticide is generally introduced into the tree from zero to about thirty days after one of the trees is cut, preferably from about one to about seven days and even more preferably from about two to about three days. A preferred group of insecticides or nematicides according to the invention are carbamates. Carbamates are a well-known group of pesticides: those skilled in the art will recognize them in The Pesticide Manual 10th Edition, edited by C. Tomlin, British Crop Protection Council, United Kingdom, 1994. A preferred group of carbamates are N-methyl. -carbamates, which are the substances that possess the substituent -OC (0) NHMe. A particularly preferred carbamate that can be used according to the present invention is 2-methyl-2- (methylthio) -propionaldehyde (aldicarb) O-methylcarba-moyloxime. Other carbamates which can be used according to the invention are 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethylbenzo-furan-7-yl methylcarbamate (carbofuran) and N, N-dimethyl-2-methylcarbamoyloxy-mino-2- (methylthio) acetamide (oxamyl). A carbamate can be used alone or in combination with other pesticides. Other insecticides or nematicides that can be used according to the present invention alone or in combination with other pesticides include: nitromethylenes or nitroimines, including l- (6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl) -N-nitroimidazolidin-2-ylidenamine (imino) dacloprid); cyanoimines, including (E) -N1 - [(6-chloro-3-pyridyl) methyl] -N2-cyano-N; L-methylacetamidine (acetamiprid); and organophosphates, including O-ethyl phosphorodithioate and S, S-di-sec-butyl (cadusafos); (RS) -2-oxo-l, 3-thiazolidin-3-ylphosphonothioate of O-ethyl and S-sec-butyl (fostiazate); and S, S-dipropyl and O-ethyl phosphorodithioate (ethopro-fos). Other insecticides or nematicides that can be used according to the present invention alone or in combination with other pesticides include the compounds of formula (I): (I) wherein: Rx is -CN or methyl; R2 is -S (0) nR3; R3 is alkyl or haloalkyl; R4 represents a hydrogen or halogen atom or a member of a group consisting of -NR5R6, -S (0) mR7, -C (0) 0-R7, alkyl, haloalkyl, -0Rβ and -N = C (R « ,) (R10) > Rs and R "independently represent the hydrogen atom or an alkyl, haloalkyl, -C (0) alkyl, alkoxycarbonyl or -S (0)? RCF3 radical; or Rs and R6 may together form a divalent alkylene radical which may be interrupted by one or two divalent heteroatoms, such as oxygen or sulfur; R- represents an alkyl or haloalkyl radical; Ra represents an alkyl or haloalkyl radical or a hydrogen atom; R9 represents an alkyl radical or a hydrogen atom; R10 represents a phenyl or heteroaryl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more halogen atoms or a member of the group consisting of -OH, -O-alkyl, -S-alkyl, cyano and alkyl; X represents a trivalent nitrogen atom or a radical -C-R12, the other three valences of the carbon atom forming part of the aromatic ring; R? And Ri2 represent, independently of each other, a hydrogen or halogen atom; R., 3 represents a halogen atom or a haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, -SÍO ^ CFa or SFS group; m, n, q and r represent, independently of one another, an integer equal to 0, 1 or 2; with the proviso that, when Rx is methyl, R3 is haloalkyl, R4 is -NH2, RX1 is -Cl, R13 is CF3 and X is N. The term "alkyl" is understood to mean carbon chains of one to six atoms. of carbon that have linear or branched chains. By the term "alkylene divalen-te" is meant a carbon chain which is attached at two points to the nitrogen atom of the radical R4. A preferred group of compound of formula (I) is that wherein: Rx is CN; R3 is a haloalkyl radical; R? It's NH2: RX1 and R12 represent, independently of one another, a halogen atom; and R13 is a haloalkyl radical. A more preferred compound of formula (I) is 5-amino-1- (2,6-dichloro-4-trifluoromethyl-phenyl) -4-trifluoromethylsulfinyl-3-cyanopyrazole. The compounds of formula (I) can be prepared according to known procedures, for example as described in International Patent Publication Nos. WO 87/3781, 93/6089 and 94/21606 as well as in European Patent Applications 295117, 403300 , 385809 or 679650, German Patent Publication 19511269 and United States Patents 5232940 and 5236938 or other process according to the knowledge of those skilled in the art of chemical synthesis. Pests that can be repressed according to the present invention include Cosmopolites sordidus (banana weevil), Radopholus similis (excavator nematode), Heli-cotylenchus multicinctus (spiral nematode), Meloidogyne incognita (nematode root knot) and pests of the families Heteroderidae and Thripidae. Fungicides that can be used according to the present invention include: methyl l- (butylcarbamoyl) benzimidazol-2-ylcarbamate (benomyl); triazoles, which include (±) -l- [2- (2, 4-dichlorophenyl) -4-propyl-l, 3-dioxolan-2-ylmethyl] -lH-l, 2,4-triazole (propicone-zol); and 1- [(2RS, 4RS; 2RS, 4SR) -4-bromo-2- (2,4-dichlorophenyl) tetrahydrofurfuryl] -1H-1,2,4-triazole (bromuconazole). Plant growth regulators that may be employed in accordance with the present invention include: a gibberellin, such as gibberellic acid or 2-chloroethylphosphonic acid (ethephon). The amount of pesticide used is an agronomically acceptable and effective amount per tree. In the case of 2-methyl-2- (methylthio) propional-dehyde O-methylcarbamoyloxime, amounts of 0.01 to 5 g per tree, preferably 0.3 to 0.9 g per tree may be appropriate. The introduction of the pesticide into the pseudo-trunk of the tree is carried out by inserting a composition, which can be of liquid or solid formulation, preferably solid, in order to reduce worker exposure, especially with compound that have relatively very acute toxicity. A solid formulation for 2-methyl-2- (methylthio) propionaldehyde O-methylcarbamoyloxime is preferred. The formulations are chosen to accelerate the transmission of the active ingredient in an aqueous phase, such as vascular tissue normally present in plants or trees. Formulations are also chosen to minimize the exposure of agricultural workers to the pesticide. Even more preferred are substantially pulverulent formulations, for example those whose particle size is greater than 0.1 mm, preferably 0.4 to 0.8 mm. Acceptable formulations can be prepared by mixing the active ingredient with a polymer, especially a water soluble polymer. Gels can also be used. The introduction of the pesticide into the pseudo-stem of the parent tree can be carried out by suitable means. One possibility is the injection of the pesticide into the pseudo-trunk. Another possibility is to make or drill holes in the tree and put in them the formulation and then plug or seal the holes. The holes can be made in the lateral part of the pseudo-trunk, but it is preferred to perform the insertion where the pseudo-trunk was cut to eliminate the cup. Another method of introducing the pesticide is to separate a wedge from the pseudo-stem, add the pesticide formulation and replace the wedge in the space where it was. An especially preferred embodiment of this insert is to separate the wedge from the cut surface made to remove the cup. Another embodiment is the insertion into the pseudo-stem of a water soluble capsule containing a dose of the desired pesticide. The following non-limiting example is given to illustrate the invention.

EXAMPLE Bananas grow in plantation. The trees are arranged as mother plants that have a series (1 to 5) of daughter plants growing from the bulb. Just before harvesting the mother plants, the daughter plants are cut except one daughter plant per mother plant. The fruit of the bananas is collected by cutting the bunches of fruits. After a week of this harvest, the pseudo-trunks of these plants are cut to eliminate the cups. After two days a wedge is cut from the surface resulting in the removal of the cup from each pseudo-stem of each parent tree. A dose of 0.5 g per tree of O-methylcarbamoyloxime of 2-methyl-2- (methylthio) -propionaldehyde is placed in the form of a granular formulation at 15% w / w in the empty concave space from which it is separated. wedge and the wedges are replaced. The daughters plants are protected against nema-all as well as weevils until the time of the harvest of the daughter trees that occurs 35 weeks later, thus providing an economically acceptable fruit. The risk of worker exposure is greatly reduced.

It is noted that in relation to this date, the best method known to the applicant to carry out the aforementioned invention, is that which is clear from the present description of the invention. Having described the invention as above, property is claimed as contained in the following:

Claims (15)

1. - A method to protect two or more trees of the Musaceous or Plantaginaceous families of destructive pests, in which the trees to be protected share a common system of roots, characterized because it involves: (a) cutting one of the trees that they share said root system to collect their fruit, and (b) then introduce a pesticide into said cut tree.

2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the cut tree is cut to remove its crown after the removal of the fruit and before the introduction of the pesticide.

3. A method according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the pesticide is introduced in the cut of the tree.

4. - A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pesticide is introduced in the cut of the tree formed by the elimination of the cup.

5. - A method according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the pesticide is introduced in the lateral portion of the tree.

6. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pesticide is transferred from zero to approximately thirty days after the tree has been cut.

7. - A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the pesticide is an insecticide or ne aicide.

8. A method according to any one of the preceding claims / characterized in that the pesticide is transportable at room temperature.

9. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pesticide is provided as a formulation that is soluble in water at room temperature.

10. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the trees are Musa textilis, Musa sapientum or Musa paradisica.

11. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insecticide or nema ticide is carbamate, preferably an N-methyl carbamate.

12. - A method according to claim 10, characterized in that the insecticide or nematicide is O-methylcarbamoyloxy-2-methyl-2- (methylthio) propionaldehyde or methylcarbamate 2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethylbenzofuran -7-ilo.

13. - A method according to claim 12, characterized in that the amount of O-methylcarbamoyloxime of 2-methyl-2- (methylthio) propionaldehyde used per tree is 0.01 g and 5 g per tree, preferably from 0.3 g to 0.9 g per tree.

14. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the insecticide or nematicide is: 1- (6-chloro-3-pyridylmethyl) -N-nitroimidazolidin-2-ylidenamine (imidacloprid); (E) -N1 - [(6-chloro-3-pyridyl) methyl] -N2-cyano-N1-methylacetamidine (acetamiprid); N, N-dimethyl-2-methylcarbamoyloxyimino-2- (methylthio) -acetamide (oxamyl) phosphorodithioate 0-ethyl and S, S-di-sec-butyl (cadusafos); (RS) -2-oxo-l, 3-thiazolidin-3-ylphosphonothioate 0-ethyl and S-sec-butyl (fostiazate); and S, S-dipropyl and 0-ethyl phosphorodithioate (etoprofos).

15. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the pesticide is a ccm-post of formula: (D wherein: R-L is -CN or methyl? R2 is -S (0) "R3; R3 is alkyl or haloalkyl; R4 represents a hydrogen or halogen atom or a member of a group consisting of NRSR6, S (0) mR7, C (0) 0-R7, alkyl, haloalkyl, 0RS and -N = C (R9) (R10); R5 and R6 independently represent the hydrogen atom or an alkyl, haloalkyl, C (0) alkyl, alkoxycarbonyl or S (0) 3_CF3 radical; or Rs and R6 may together form a divalent alkylene radical which may be interrupted by one or two divalent heteroatoms, such as oxygen or sulfur; R-7 represents an alkyl or haloalkyl radical; Rβ represents an alkyl or haloalkyl radical or a hydrogen atom; R9 represents an alkyl radical or a hydrogen atom; Rxo represents a phenyl or heteroaryl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more halogen atoms or a member of the group consisting of OH, -O-alkyl, -S-alkyl, cyano and alkyl; X represents a trivalent nitrogen atom or a C-R12 radical / the other three valences of the carbon atom forming part of the aromatic ring; R and Ri2 represent, independently of one another, a hydrogen or halogen atom; R13 represents a halogen atom or a haloalkyl, haloalkoxy, S (0) qCF3 or SFS group; m, n, q and r represent, independently of one another, an integer equal to 0, 1 or 2; with the proviso that, when Rx is methyl, R3 is haloalkyl, R? is NH2, R12_ is Cl, R13 is CF3 and? is N. 16.- A method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, and 15, characterized in that the compound of formula (I) is 5-amino-3-cyano-1- (2,6-dichloro- 4-trif luorome-tilphenyl) -4-trif luoromethylsulfonylpyrazole. 17. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pesticide used is presented as a solid or liquid formulation, preferably a solid formulation. 18. A method according to claim 17, characterized in that the formulation is substantially pulverulent. 19. A method according to claim 17 or claim 18, characterized in that the formulation has a particle size greater than 0.1 mm, preferably 0.4 to 0.8 mm.