MX2011005269A - Composition for correcting malnutrition and decreasing obesity in children. - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention discloses a composition that provides quality nutrition, and contributes to decrease overweight and obesity. The composition provides approximately 25% of a daily energy requirement, mostly from slow-release carbohydrates, therefore having a low glycemic index, also providing high biological value proteins, lipids with a high proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (90%) and vitamins and minerals required to correct their deficiency. The composition further contributes to eliminate anemia, enhances child development, prevents excessive accumulation of body fat and decreases the risk of obesity and chronic diseases. The composition may be used in School Lunch Programs aimed at improving nutrition and reducing obesity.

Description

COMPOSITION TO CORRECT MALNUTRITION AND DECREASE THE OBESITY IN CHILDREN BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention is in the field of nutrition, energy metabolism and diseases related to nutrition. The invention discloses a food composition, which in addition to having an adequate balance of nutrients makes it suitable for use in children as a preventive measure in treatment programs and prevention of obesity.

STATE OF THE ART Despite the enormous advances that Mexico has generally experienced in recent years, malnutrition and childhood obesity, there continue to be two public health problems that affect an increasingly large proportion of the population and therefore require solutions effective. Currently in our country 26% of the population of school age is overweight or obese, in addition to presenting high levels of malnutrition.

Since 1999, when the National Nutrition and Health Survey was conducted (Ensalud, 1999), we know that the deficiencies of some vitamins and minerals occur in a very high part of the population in Mexico and that they have important consequences on health. The most widespread nutritional deficiencies in Mexican children are iron, zinc, vitamin C and vitamin E. 41% of children under 12 are iron deficient, 34% have zinc deficiency 45% have deficiency of vitamin E and 35% have vitamin C deficiency. Children who are iron deficient suffer from anemia, decrease their ability to learn and significantly limit their development, zinc deficiency causes a decrease in the body's natural defenses, makes more susceptible to the child suffering from diseases, especially respiratory infections and diarrhea, it allows a greater deposition of fat in the body and delays growth. Deficiency of antioxidants such as vitamin C and vitamin E decrease the immune system's response capacity and increase the risk of suffering from hyperlipidemia and chronic diseases. In this way, children who are deficient in one or several of these or perhaps other vitamins and minerals generally have delays in their development and in their ability to resist some diseases but they are also more susceptible to depositing fat in their body, ie They are more susceptible to obesity. The fact that the deficiency of some vitamins and minerals contributes to obesity has been recently identified (García et al, 2009).

The most recent data at the national level, in the 2006 National Nutrition Survey, indicate that obesity and overweight occur in 14.7 of children under 5 years of age, 26.2% of children aged 5 to 11 years, 34.5% of children from 12 to 18 years old and 69.3 of adult women. The figures are extremely high, making Mexico one of the countries with the highest levels of obesity in the world. The biggest problem is that the trend of these figures is increasing, the prevalence of obesity increased from 18.4 to 26.2% (42.3% increase) in schoolchildren, from 24.9 to 34.5% (38.5% increase) in adolescent children and from 61 to 69.3% (13.6% increase) in adult women. It is urgent, therefore, to invent effective strategies that help to reduce obesity in children.

Obesity is a condition that is defined as the storage of excessive fat in the body, the problem is accentuated because the fat in the body causes insulin resistance which over time produces diabetes. Also an excess of fat causes that a greater amount of negative substances for the organism circulate in the blood, between these the cholesterol and the low density lipoproteins increase the probabilities of suffering hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. In this way, the overweight and obese individual is more likely to develop diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease. Some cancers such as prostate cancer in men or breast cancer in women also occur more frequently in obese people. Decreasing obesity will bring very important benefits to the health of individuals.

When obesity occurs in children increases the likelihood that the individual when an adult has obesity, this occurs because childhood obesity causes the number of adipose tissue cells multiply, which is the tissue where the excess fat is stored in the organism. The child who is obese creates conditions in his body so that when he is an adult it is easier for him to store fat and therefore be obese. It is very important to reduce childhood obesity if you want to reduce the adult population that will suffer from obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular disease in the coming years, which among other things will require very high sums of money, most likely unmanageable, to be able to try.

Mexico spends large sums of money on social programs to address the problems of nutrition and health of the population. Among these, the universal vaccination programs, the massive administration of vitamin A, the deworming programs and the greater availability of food thanks to the social development programs, have been efficient to reduce the percentage of children who presented malnutrition; However, deficiencies of vitamins and minerals prevail in different regions of the country and with greater incidence among the indigenous population, which is why a greater effort is needed to reduce regional disparities and ethnic origin.

One of the interventions made by the government of Mexico was the implementation of the school breakfast program. School breakfasts in the past may have been effective but today this is no longer the case because of the changes that society has had in terms of their lifestyle; Several health institutions agree that because of the inadequacy of their nutritional content, in addition to being inefficient in eradicating malnutrition problems, they have been precursors of another serious public health problem, childhood obesity.

A study conducted in 2000, in children aged 10 to 19 years, revealed that a high percentage of those who suffered from overweight and obesity, had abnormalities in their cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose, ie, that obesity was already manifesting its consequences on health at an early age The serious thing is that when these children reach the adult and productive age of life, they will have a high rate of diabetes, cerebrovascular accidents and, in later stages, they will have severe complications such as: blindness, kidney failure and amputations. his extremities, among others.

It is documented that more than 95% of childhood obesity is due to inadequate nutrition. In Mexico, the risk factor that is most associated with obesity in children is the change in dietary patterns with a high caloric value, and the decrease in the degree of physical activity (National Institute of Public Health. of Health and Nutrition 2006. Mexico, DF, pp: 94-97). In this aspect, according to studies by the National Institute of Nutrition and the Ibero-American University, many have contributed to the high rates of childhood obesity, the breakfasts that are taught in primary schools. In these breakfasts, milk, biscuits, legumes, and, to a lesser extent, vegetables and fruits prevail. These breakfasts, far from helping to fight malnutrition, have now raised obesity rates, since the breakfasts that are offered have a high caloric density as well as not providing the vitamins and minerals that are deficient in the population. In such a way that nowadays there are malnourished and obese children. According to findings from our research group, they have revealed a close interrelation between malnutrition and obesity, which is that obesity rates are increasing more rapidly in places where micronutrient deficiency is more prevalent. It is recognized that individuals with overweight or obesity have lower concentrations of some micronutrients, compared with individuals who have a normal weight.

This finding is important when you want to apply diet programs to control obesity.

To impact on the problem of obesity, therapeutic actions should be started at the moment of identifying a problem of overweight. The therapeutic approach of the child with obesity in the first level of attention must be preventive aimed at modifying the lifestyle and improving the feeding pattern. Overweight and obesity by themselves, do not require pharmacological treatment. However, obese children and adolescents with secondary metabolic disorders can be managed with pharmacological treatment, but this must be decided and monitored by a specialized doctor (Academia Mexicana de Pediatría, AC Conclusions of the National Meeting of Consensus on Prevention, Diagnosis and treatment of obesity in children and adolescents, 2002).

A decrease in energy intake through the application of a low calorie diet is effective to promote the loss of body fat and decrease body weight; However, in practice it is very difficult and even risky to undergo a diet low in calories, in addition to the risks of malnutrition that it implies, since the decrease in food consumption necessary to produce an energy deficit causes a decrease in the intake of proteins, vitamins and minerals whose consumption is essential to keep the body functioning properly. The deficient ingestion of some indispensable nutriment for a prolonged period can cause the deficiency of this nutriment which in turn will make the organism more susceptible to deposit more fat or generate a secondary metabolic disease. To avoid this, in the present invention, developed a composition that at the same time provides quality nutrition, helps induce weight loss in obese children or maintain body weight in a healthy way. The composition was designed with the aim of providing approximately 25% of the daily energy required, coming from a greater proportion of slow-release carbohydrates, therefore low glycemic index, in addition to providing the vitamins and minerals that are essential for the proper development of the kids.

There is a prior art in the state of the art of the use of nutritional compositions and food replacements to improve nutritional status or induce weight loss (BUSPTO Application No. 10/361, 838; Gerhardt and Tasker (USPTO Application No. 10 / 519,657; Levine USPTO 7,030,092 B l; Grace et al US 6,426, 077 B l; Itchey USPTO 5,688,547; Hastings and collaborators USPTO 5,626,849; Bascom et al USPTO Sol. No. 1 1 / 32,341) None of the formulations described in the inventions previous presents an adequate nutritional profile to the Mexican population, also not focused on attacking both problems, ie malnutrition and maintenance or weight reduction.

The compositions included in the mentioned patents do not include the use of deficient minerals and vitamins in the Mexican population nor those whose deficiency is related to the deposition of fat, nor the use of antioxidants with antiatherogenic effect, nor the inclusion of soluble fibers such as inulin which helps to feel satiety and therefore consume less energy; In addition, the formulation compositions in the above patents were calculated to meet the requirements of populations different from the Mexican one with deficiencies of nutrients and different states of health.

Specifically for use in children, the state of the art only shows a patent document where a nutritional composition for pediatric use is claimed (Mark et al., USPTO 5, 549,905). Said composition differs substantially from that claimed in our invention since it is directed to pediatric patients with altered absorption of certain nutrients and / or reduced gastrointestinal tolerance.

Currently in Mexico the multinational company Abbott commercializes a nutritional composition focused on children (Pediasure®), our formulation presents clear differences that provide important advantages for the application that we pretend children need to improve their nutritional status and at the same time prevent or treat an obesity problem The advantages of the invention are shown below: a) A lower energy density < 200 kcal / dose versus 237 kcal / dose b) Lower percentage of total energy (22% versus 35%) is provided by fats. c) Higher percentage of energy is provided by carbohydrates (62% vs. 52%). d) Higher content of soluble fiber e) Better nutritional profile, according to the deficiencies of the Mexican infant population, in terms of vitamin A, folic acid, niacin, choline, vitamin E, vitamin C, copper and zinc.

The different composition of the present invention implies that it is used for a different purpose in a profile of individuals different from what currently exists. The formulations that currently exist could not achieve the results that are achieved with the developed invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The composition of the present invention comprises a nutritional composition for children between 1 and 11 years of age, which provides quality nutrition without inducing overweight and / or obesity. The composition provides protein of high biological value (calcium caseinate, whey protein concentrate), lipids with a high percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (90%), carbohydrates (maltodextrin, sucrose) very easily digested; besides the necessary vitamins for the best absorption of iron and synthesis of hemoglobin, minerals necessary for the infantile development, as well as antioxidants, vitamin A, C, E, Selenium and Zinc, that help to diminish the risk of obesity and chronic diseases, It contains inulin that contributes to satiety and prevents the increase of lipids in the blood and antioxidant vitamins that decreases the oxidation of fats and prevents cardiovascular disease.

It is a product that provides a large number of benefits, including: »Contributes to the reduction of body fat • Good bone health o Reduction of risk of metabolic syndrome • Improvement of the immune system · Stimulation of cognitive development »Improvement in the state of global nutrition The present invention provides a formulation that contributes approximately 25% of the daily energy required. This supplement is added with 26 vitamins and minerals and is specially designed to improve the nutritional status and induce weight loss in obese children or maintain healthy body weight. In this formulation the micronutrients are selected from the group consisting of: Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Vitamin K, Vitamin C, Vitamin B, Folic acid, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Nicotinic acid, Biotin, Pantothenic acid, Phosphorus, Iodine, Iron, Magnesium, Copper, Zinc, Manganese, Selenium, Chromium and Molybdenum; The antioxidants are selected from vitamin E, vitamin C and selenium.

Unlike other formulations found in the state of the art, the composition of the present invention provides a healthy way to lose weight, since in addition to reducing energy intake, provides the vitamins and minerals found deficits in the population, and whose deficiency is highly related to the deposition of fat in the body. further contain inulin whose main effect is to increase satiety, and to prevent the increase of lipids.

The composition provides adequate amounts of natural antioxidants such as vitamins A, C and E. The addition of one or more antioxidants increases the health benefits of the preparation of the present invention. These compounds help prevent cardiovascular diseases and certain types of cancer.

A very important vitamin, present in our invention is folic acid. Folic acid can be used in amounts ranging from 0.1 \ JQ to 5 mg per meal. It has been scientifically proven that folic acid reduces the formation of homocysteine, an atypical amino acid that damages the vascular system, causing death from cardiovascular disease. The composition of the present invention provides in a single shot 50% of the recommended daily intake of folic acid. The folic acid present in the preparation will help reduce the concentration of homocysteine in the blood of individuals, reducing the risk of a possible cardiovascular event.

The composition of the present invention provides 100% of the recommended daily intake (RDI) of vitamin A, which plays a very important role in the regulation of body weight and obesity through several of its metabolites.

A single shot of the composition of the present invention provides 60% of the RDI of vitamin D, which may have beneficial effects on body weight and insulin resistance since it is demonstrated that vitamin D deficiency, measured as 25-hydroxyvitamina D (Vitamin D3) has a high prevalence in obese subjects and is associated with an increased risk of insulin resistance.

Epidemiological studies have shown that low zinc intake and low plasma concentration are associated with an increase in the number and severity of infections, retarded growth, as well as an increase in the prevalence of obesity and other diseases. Zinc deficiency was identified as a risk factor for the development of central adiposity. A low intake of zinc is associated with a low activity of the enzyme superoxide dismutase, so that zinc deficiency increases oxidative stress and the inflammatory response in obese individuals.

Unlike other formulations do not consider Zinc as one of its essential components, the composition of the present invention provides in a single take of about 50% of the IDR zinc, so it is expected to have beneficial effects on the state of zinc nutrition obesity and its comorbidities.

The composition of the present invention provides about 300 pg of copper per serving. Copper is an essential component in many enzymatic systems essential for an adequate metabolism of carbohydrates and fats, so that ingestion at adequate levels causes beneficial effects on obesity and insulin resistance, in such a way, it is expected that the consumption of the composition of the invention has beneficial effects that contribute to the prevention of the development of diabetes, a risk to which individuals with obesity are exposed.

Raynor et al., (2005) analyzed the type of food consumed by a group of 2237 subjects of the National Weight Control Registry of the United States, who had lost approximately 32 kg and who maintained this loss of Weight for at least 6.1 years. The results showed that the weight control was produced thanks to the fact that more than 50% of the energy consumed by this group of people came from the carbohydrates and that also the energy that came from the consumption of fats was reduced. In this, the high consumption of low-fat foods (mainly cereals and foods with a high carbohydrate content) played a fundamental role. One strategy to induce weight loss is to decrease the energy coming from the fat by energy coming from carbohydrates. In this sense, the energy provided by the composition of the invention comes in more than 60% of the carbohydrates.

Unlike other formulations, the composition of the present invention contains as a dietary fiber source inulin, which is a soluble fiber that is not digested either in the stomach or in the small intestine so it arrives intact in the intestine thick where it is selectively fermented by the intestinal microflora of the colon (Roberfroid, 1999, aur et al., 2002). This means that it not only promotes optimal intestinal function but also acts as a prebiotic. A prebiotic is a nondigestible food ingredient that positively affects the host by selectively stimulating the growth and activity of endogenous bacteria in the colon. Inulin is thus a means to maintain the metabolic activity of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria, which inhibits the growth and development of harmful microorganisms in the colon. Consumption of inulin stimulates the fermentation in the intestine and increases the absorption of minerals (Kaur et al., 2002, Coudray, 2003).

In addition to this, some studies have shown that inulin in doses of 7 to 10 g per day has a beneficial effect on lipid metabolism, mainly in reducing the concentration of triglycerides in the blood (Brigenthi 2007) The composition of the present invention provides between 1 and 3 g of fructoologosaccharides per portion, which produce beneficial effects on the health of the digestive system, immune function in addition to having a relevant role in the prevention of colon cancer and induce a better use of various minerals such as calcium and magnesium, key components for bones and teeth.

EXAMPLE 1 Qualitative-quantitative formula of the composition of the invention (Table 1) Content per 237 mL of reconstituidcequivalent product at 1 dose.

Product characteristics.

The composition of the invention was developed with the aim of providing a product with lower caloric index compared to those existing in the market, the above is achieved due to a low fat content. In addition to supplying proteins of high biological value; easily digested carbohydrates; It is also enriched with vitamins and minerals necessary for child development, as well as antioxidants (vitamin A, C, E, selenium and zinc), which help to reduce the risk of chronic diseases.

As a source of fiber, inulin is incorporated which is a soluble dietary fiber, which promotes intestinal movements, regulating intestinal transit. Stimulates the growth of the intestinal flora.

It has nutrients such as L-carnitine and taurine, which help ensure the metabolism of fats and bile salt formation respectively, also contains choline and inositol that improve cognitive functions such as learning and memory.

Product development.

When making the selection of the materials that make up the composition, special care was taken in the solubility and compatibility of the same, this in order to obtain a quality product that meets the purpose for which it was designed and meets the following criteria: • Liquid with a volume of 237 mL.

• Nutritional profile.

• Stability • Sensory evaluation (good consistency and pleasant taste).

The homogenization of the solids in the liquid system (water) is fundamental for the appearance and stability of the composition, which is why the solubility of each of the ingredients in the water and the use of a homogenizing equipment were considered. To avoid the phenomenon of sedimentation of solids and to improve the consistency of the product, xanthan gum is incorporated.

In addition, a manufacturing process is proposed in which the manner and order in which each ingredient is added is taken into consideration. Premixes of vitamins and minerals are prepared in order to improve and give uniformity to each of these components in the suspension.

One of the aspects that is most important in the preparation process is the incorporation of fat sources (vegetable oils) into an aqueous medium, so a careful selection and evaluation of emulsifiers that help to mix two immiscible liquids ( water and oil) and provide stability to our composition. The proposed method is the preparation of an emulsion formed by soy lecithin, a part of calcium caseinate in water and vegetable oils (previously treated with monodiglycerides and a compound emulsifier).

For the manufacturing process, 3 mixtures are prepared: mixture A containing the fatty solids, sample B containing the mixture of non-fatty solids and mixture C containing the milk protein. The mixture A is heated to 80 ° C and is incorporated into the mixture C. The emulsion formed by both mixtures is heated again to 65 ° C., then homogenized under pressure of 2200 lb / in2. The homogenized mixture is subjected to thermal treatment at 85 ° C for 30 seconds and mixture B and ascorbic acid are added. The mixture thus formed is filled with the amount of water necessary according to the batch size, and the quality measurements are made as pH, density, Brix degrees and total fat. This final mixture is homogenized at a pressure of 210 bar and finally subjected to pasteurization at 138 ° C for 4 seconds, for subsequent packaging.

Claims (15)

1. - A food composition that provides quality nutrition, and contributes to weight loss in obese children and maintain body weight in a healthy manner, characterized because it includes vitamins and minerals, natural antioxidants, a source of inulin-type dietary fiber, minus 26 vitamins and minerals, where the micronutrients are selected from the group consisting of: Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Vitamin K, Vitamin C, Vitamin B, Folic acid. Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Nicotinic Acid, Biotin, Pantothenic Acid, Phosphorus, Yodc Iron, Magnesium, Copper, Zinc, Manganese, Selenium, Chromium and Molybdenum; The antioxidants are selected from vitamin E, vitamin C and selenium.

2. - The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises: from 0.5% to 10% by weight of the composition of vitamins and minerals I, from 0.1 to 10% by weight of the composition of natural antioxidants and from 1 to 30% by weight of the composition of a dietary fiber source of the inulin type.

3. - A food composition, according to claim 1 characterized in that at least 60% of the energy is provided by carbohydrates.

4. - A food composition, according to claim 1 characterized in that it provides between 3 and 10 g per dose of soluble dietary fiber.

5. - A nutritional composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the fiber is inulin. 6. - A formulation according to claim 1, characterized in that it provides between 1 and 3 g of FOS per dose. 7. - A nutritional composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it contributes in a single dose between 90% and 150% of the IDR of antioxidant vitamins such as vitamin C and tocopherol. 8. - A nutritional composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it provides in a single intake between 50% and 100% of the recommended daily intake of folic acid. 9. - A nutritional composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it provides in a single intake between 50 and 120% of the recommended daily intake of vitamin A. 10. - A nutritional composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it provides in a single dose between 50 and 100% of the recommended daily intake of vitamin D, preferably 60% of the RDI of vitamin D. eleven . - A nutritional composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it provides in a single intake between 40% and 10% of the recommended daily intake of zinc, preferably 50% of the zinc IDR. 2. A nutritional composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it provides in a single intake between 50 and 100% of the recommended daily intake of copper, preferably 70%. 13. - A nutritional composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it can be used in the individual feeding of children and in school breakfast programs. 14. - A nutritional composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it can be presented in powder to be mixed with water or some liquid food, or administered in ready-to-drink presentations. 15. - A nutritional composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the primary packaging material is selected from the following materials: can, tetra brick, polypropylene, glass, etc.

6. - A nutritional composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the nutrients and substances described are provided in a very concentrated manner in no more than 200 kcal per shot.