MX2010008634A - Metodo y aparato para articular la muñeca de un instrumento de agarre laparoscopico. - Google Patents
Metodo y aparato para articular la muñeca de un instrumento de agarre laparoscopico.Info
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Abstract
Un instrumento médico tiene un equipo de mordazas opuestas que pueden ser articuladas, ambas izquierda y derecha, desde la línea central; el instrumento tiene un radio propio de flexión y soporte para el miembro de activación de la mordaza y el miembro de corte de accionamiento; el soporte flexible para los miembros de accionamiento comprende resortes helicoidales apretados; otra modalidad de la invención controla el grado de articulación en el asa del instrumento laparoscópico; una modalidad más de la invención incorpora un mecanismo de seguridad para evitar el movimiento de la muñeca mientras el usuario realiza otras operaciones sobre el dispositivo; el mecanismo de seguridad incluye también una función de indexación con la cual el usuario puede indexar y elegir la cantidad necesaria de ángulo entre ángulos preestablecidos.
Description
METODO Y APARATO PARA ARTICULAR LA MUÑECA DE UN INSTRUMENTO DE AGARRE LAPAROSCOPICO
CAMPO TECNICO
La invención se relaciona con dispositivos médicos para uso durante procedimientos laparoscópicos. En particular, la invención se relaciona con un método y aparato para articular la muñeca de un instrumento de agarre laparoscópico.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCION
La cirugía laparoscópica, también llamada cirugía de mínima invasión (MIS), cirugía de "band a o", cirugía de incisión, o cirugía de perforación es una moderna técnica quirúrgica en la cual las operaciones en el abdomen son realizadas a través de pequeñas incisiones, usualmente de 0.5-1.5 cm, en comparación con grandes incisiones necesarias en procedimiento de cirugía tradicional. La cirugía laparoscópica incluye operaciones dentro de la cavidad abdominal o la pelvis, mientras que la cirugía de incisión realizada sobre la caja torácica o la cavidad del pecho es llamada cirugía toracoscópica. Las cirugías laparoscópica y toracoscópica pertenecen al amplio campo de la endoscopía.
El elemento clave en la cirugía laparoscópica es el uso de un laparoscopio: un sistema telescópico en la lente de la barra, que es usualmente conectado a una videocámara (de un solo chip o tres chips). También se encuentra unido un sistema de cable de fibra óptica conectado con una fuente de luz fría (halógeno o xenón), para iluminar el campo operativo, insertando una cánula o trocar de 5 a 10 milímetros para la visión el campo operativo. El abdomen es insuflado generalmente con gas de bióxido de carbono para crear un espacio de funcionamiento y de visión. El abdomen esencialmente es inflado como un globo (inflado), elevando la pared abdominal sobre los órganos internos como una bóveda. El gas usado es C02, ya que es común para el cuerpo humano y puede ser eliminado por el sistema respiratorio si se absorbe a través de tejido. También, es inflamable, lo que es importante debido al hecho de que los dispositivos electro-quirúrgicos son utilizados comúnmente en procedimientos laparoscópicos.
La cirugía es realizada durante un procedimiento laparoscópico con cualquiera de las varias herramientas colocadas sobre un extremo de un eje largo y que son operativas por manipulación de un asa u otro activador colocado en el otro extremo del eje.
Un área de la cirugía laparoscópica que actualmente es el tema de interés es la electrocauterización. La electrocauterización, también llamada cirugía eléctrica o electrocirugía, es el proceso de destruir tejido con electricidad y ampliamente usada en la cirugía moderna. El procedimiento es frecuentemente usado para detener el sangrado de pequeños vasos, vasos
grandes que son ligados, o para cortar a través de tejido blando, esto es, gras abdominal en una laparotomía o tejidos del seno en una mastectomia.
Un problema con el estado de la técnica de los dispositivos de electrocauterización para uso durante un procedimiento laparoscópico es el limitado intervalo de movimiento proporcionado por las mordazas de dicho dispositivo, y la dificultad que encuentra un cirujano en colocar dicho dispositivo, y en operar tal dispositivo a través de un intervalo de movimiento, durante un procedimiento laparoscópico.
BREVE DESCRIPCION DE LA INVENCION
La invención proporciona un método y aparato para articular la muñeca de un instrumento de agarre laparoscópico. El instrumento médico actualmente preferido tiene un conjunto de mordazas opuestas que pueden ser articuladas, ambas izquierda y derecha, desde la línea central. La invención también proporciona un radio de flexión apropiado y soporte para el miembro de activación de la mordaza y un miembro de corte de accionamiento. El soporte flexible para los miembros de accionamiento en la modalidad actualmente preferida de la invención comprende resortes helicoidales apretados.
Otra modalidad de la invención incorpora un r iétodo para controlar el grado de articulación en el asa del instrumento laparoscópico. Una modalidad más de la invención incorpora un mecanismo de seguridad para
evitar el movimiento de la muñeca mientras el usuario realiza otras operaciones sobre el dispositivo. El mecanismo de seguridad incluye también una función de indexacion con la cual el usuario puede indexar y elegir la cantidad necesaria de ángulo entre ángulos preestablecidos.
BREVE DESCRIPCION DE LOS DIBUJOS
La figura 1 es un diagrama en perspectiva que muestra la muñeca de un instrumento de agarre laparoscópico según la invención.
La figura 2 es una vista del plano que muestra una muñeca de un instrumento de agarre laparoscópico según la invención.
La figura 3 es una vista esquemática mostrando un recorte superior de un mecanismo de control de la articulación de la muñeca según la invención.
La figura 4 es una vista esquemática en perspectiva que muestra un instrumento de agarre laparoscópico según la invención.
La figura 5 es otra vista en perspectiva de un instrumento de agarres laparoscópico según la invención.
La figura 6 es una vista esquemática en perspectiva de un mecanismo de indexacion para un instrumento de agarre laparoscópico según la invención.
La figura 7 es una vista esquemática en perspectiva de un mecanismo de retención para un instrumento de agarre laparoscópico según la invención.
La figura 8 es una vista esquemática en perspectiva de un mecanismo de indexación y retención para un instrumento de agarre laparoscópico según la invención.
La figura 9 es una vista esquemática del plano de un paso del mecanismo de retención de bola para un instrumento de agarre laparoscópico según la invención.
La figura 10 es una vista esquemática en perspectiva del paso del mecanismo de retención de bola para un instrumento de agarre laparoscópico según la invención.
La figura 11 es una segunda vista esquemática en perspectiva del paso del mecanismo de retención de bola para un instrumento de agarre laparoscópico según la invención.
La figura 12 es una vista esquemática en perspectiva de un mecanismo seguridad a presión para un instrumento de agarre laparoscópico según la invención.
La figura 13 es una vista esquemática en perspectiva imaginaria de un mecanismo de seguridad a presión para un mecanismo de articulación de control en un instrumento de agarre laparoscópico según la invención.
La figura 14 es una vista esquemática en perspectiva de una perilla de agarre para el mecanismo de seguridad a presión en un control de articulación para un instrumento de agarre laparoscópico según la invención.
La figura 15 es una perspectiva, una vista parcialmente recortada de un dispositivo laparoscópico, mostrando un miembro de accionamiento según la invención; y,
La figura 16 es una vista en perspectiva de un montaje de accionamiento para una cuchilla de un dispositivo laparoscópico según la invención.
DESCRIPCION DETALLADA DE LA INVENCION
La invención proporciona un método y aparato para articular la muñeca de un instrumento de agarre laparoscópico. El instrumento médico actualmente preferido tiene un conjunto de mordazas opuestas que pueden ser articuladas, por ejemplo 45 grados o si no como se desee, ambos izquierda y derecha, desde la línea central. La invención también proporciona un radio de flexión apropiado y soporte para el miembro de activación de la mordaza y un miembro de corte de accionamiento. El soporte flexible para los miembros de accionamiento en la modalidad actualmente preferida de la invención comprende resortes helicoidales fuertemente apretados.
Otra modalidad de la invención incorpora un método para controlar el grado de articulación en el asa del instrumento laparoscópico. Una
modalidad más de la invención incorpora un mecanismo de seguridad para evitar el movimiento de la muñeca mientras el usuario realiza otras operaciones sobre el dispositivo. El mecanismo de seguridad incluye también una función de indexación con la cual el usuario puede indexar y elegir la cantidad necesaria de ángulo entre ángulos preestablecidos.
La modalidad actualmente preferida de la invención comprende un instrumento médico, preferiblemente para realizar un procedimiento laparoscópico, el cual comprende un grupo de vértebras fundamentales que están conectadas una con otra por un perno o un cierre a presión. Cada vértebra está adaptada a pivotar en relación a un dispositivo eje y grupo de mordazas, así permiten la articulación izquierda y derecha. El grado de articulación es controlado por alambres o cables que cierran gradualmente ambos lados de un dispositivo de muñeca. Los alambres entonces son guiados hacia abajo del eje y conectados en tensión a un mecanismo de control en un dispositivo de asa. Los cables y alambres son usados para transferir las fuerzas desde el asa a la muñeca.
Las vértebras forman el radio de flexión apropiado para permitir a o
un miembro de transferencia de fuerza, tal como un alambre, pasar a través de la muñeca sin curvear el alambre. Además, en una modalidad un resorte helicoidal apretado es alojado dentro de las coyunturas de la muñeca para enrutar dicho alambre. El resorte helicoidal apretado proporciona soporte adicional al alambre, de tal forma que cuando el alambre es movido desde una dirección proximal a una distal, éste no se tuerce o curvea.
El mecanismo de control en el asa consiste de un montaje rotatorio que recibe a los miembros de transferencia de fuerza de desde la muñeca. El montaje rotatorio está esencialmente montado en el asa, y la forma del mecanismo de control permite la rotación concéntrica alrededor del pivote de tal forma que el movimiento longitudinal de los alambres o cables a lo largo del eje puedan ser controlados, basándose en la distancia desde el pivote hasta al punto de unión de dichos alambres o cables. El ángulo de articulación es controlado por la distancia que el miembro de transferencia de fuerza mueve, el cual es predeterminado por la geometría de la muñeca.
Hay varias modalidades que comprenden una característica de seguridad y de indexación de la invención:
En una primera modalidad, un acero para resorte es formado en una geometría que desvía cuando una fuerza es aplicada, como con un muelle de resorte de láminas. El muelle de resorte de láminas es alojado dentro de un portador circular, con solo la parte desviable del resorte accesible y sobresaliendo desde un portador circular. Un miembro rotatorio con una porción circular retirada de su área pivote se ajusta sobre el portador circular. Un patrón dentado también es retirado a lo largo del diámetro interno de la porción circular del miembro rotatorio. El miembro rotatorio incluye brazos que se extienden desde el centro de su cuerpo al que el cable o alambre está unido. El resorte parecido a muelle de láminas sobresale dentro de las hendiduras creadas por el patrón dentado. El ángulo de articulación es
controlado predeterminando las distancias entre los dientes y la distancia a partir del punto de unión de los cables o alambres al punto de pivote.
En una segunda modalidad, un pestillo de resorte es montado dentro del portador circular. El pestillo de resorte empata con las hendiduras creadas por el patrón dentado.
En una tercera modalidad, el miembro rotatorio descrito antes no tiene brazos que se extienden desde el centro de su cuerpo. Un ala es montada sobre la parte superior del miembro rotatorio. El ala es entonces manipulada para controlar la rotación alrededor del portador circular.
En una cuarta modalidad, una bisagra flexible de plástico es montada cerca del asa. La bisagra flexible de plástico usa una forma V que se ajusta dentro de una ranura de un alojamiento externo que rodea a la bisagra flexible. La punta de la forma V sobresales desde cada ranura. Hay una serie de ranuras a lo largo de la longitud del alojamiento externo. El alojamiento se engrana con los cables y alambres que controlan la articulación de la muñeca. El usuario puede ajustar y asegurar la articulación de la muñeca oprimiendo primero hacia abajo sobre la bisagra flexible para desconectar la posición actualmente asegurada, entonces mueve el alojamiento externo desde una posición proximal a una distal o viceversa, lo que entonces asegura para re-engranarse con la bisagra flexible en cualquiera de las varias distancias predeterminadas establecidas por las ranuras. Estas distancias determinan el ángulo en el cual la muñeca es articulada.
En la quinta modalidad, el mecanismo de rotación descrito arriba rota libremente alrededor del pivote. Cuando el usuario ha determinado el ángulo de articulación, se oprime un botón montado sobre la parte superior del pivote, lo cual asegura el ángulo de la muñeca y el mecanismo de rotación, evitando así movimiento adicional de ambos la muñeca y el mecanismo de rotación. Esto se puede lograr usando un diseño como una cuña que es anclada dentro de la clavija del pivote, la cual en esta modalidad es un tubo. Un mínimo de una sola ranura es diseñada en la clavija del pivote. Cuando se oprime el botón, las propiedades inherentes del resorte del botón surgen desde la ranura. El material que surge usa fricción para evitar el movimiento del mecanismo de rotación. El botón mismo permanece en su lugar debido a un diseño de cuña en la parte superior.
Además de la discusión anterior, una explicación más detallada de la invención se proporciona ahora en conexión con las figuras 1-14.
La figura 1 es una primera vista en perspectiva de un dispositivo laparoscópico según la invención. La figura 1 es una vista parcial que muestra el eje principal 24 del dispositivo y del montaje de mordaza 25, que está compuesto de una mordaza superior 13 y una mordaza inferior 11. En esta modalidad de la invención, la mordaza superior es pivotada lejos de y hacia la mordaza inferior cerca de un punto de pivote 17, que, en esta modalidad está compuesto de un perno o un eje. En otras modalidades de la invención, la mordaza inferior puede ser pivotante también, pero en la modalidad mostrada en la figura 1 , la mordaza inferior es fija. El pivotar de la mordaza superior se
logra transmitiendo la tensión a un perno de activación de la mordaza 18, que es movible, en una ranura de activación 19. Generalmente, la tensión es aplicada vía un cable unido al perno de activación de la mordaza. Así, el movimiento de las mordazas es logrado. Las mordazas mismas están configuradas para tales procedimientos laparoscópicos como electrocauterización y separación del tejido. Por consiguiente, como se muestra en la mordaza inferior 11 , se proporciona un electrodo distal 12, incrustado en el portador de plástico 15. Un segundo, electrodo proximal 15 también es mostrado. Una hendidura de corte 14 es mostrada para recibir una cuchilla durante una operación de seccionamiento. La cuchilla no se muestra en la figura 1.
Durante procedimientos laparoscópicos, es deseable ser capaz de colocar las mordazas del dispositivo de izquierda a derecha para lograr el mejor ángulo de enfoque al tejido a ser tratado. De importancia clave para la invención es el suministro de una muñeca articulada 22, que está compuesta de una pluralidad de discos de articulación o vértebras 21. La articulación es lograda tensionando un par de cables discutidos más adelante y una terminación que es mostrada en la figura 1 como un alambre, que es soldado o plegado en una hendidura en un punto de terminación del cable 20. Además, la figura 1 muestra un seguro para un tubo del eje exterior o para un mecanismo de sujeción para mantener la muñeca en el tubo. Esto es mostrado por una ranura de abrazadera 23.
La figura 2 es una vista del plano o parte superior del dispositivo laparoscópico que muestra las mordazas 25 y de eje 24. Particularmente, la muñeca articulada 22 se muestra en mayor detalle. En esta modalidad una pluralidad de vértebras que comprende discos articulados pivotantes interconectados, donde los discos 21 están articulados uno con otro y comprenden una serie de proyecciones similares a una bola 27, que están engranadas en hendiduras complementarias 28. El montaje de mordaza 25 en esta modalidad muestra una proyección similar a una bola 29, que está engranado en una hendidura del disco de articulación y del eje 24 de la articulación incluye una hendidura complementaria 30 para recibir una proyección similar a una bola de un disco de articulación. Como se puede ver en la figura 2, un cable 31 también es mostrado. El cable es un montaje de funda helicoidal de tubo que, en esta modalidad, es utilizado para operar una cuchilla dentro de la mordaza. El montaje helicoidal permite que el cable se curve con la articulación del dispositivo sin curvearse como se discutió antes.
La figura 3 es una vista esquemática lateral parcialmente cortada de un mecanismo de activación 32 para operar la unión de la articulación. En la figura 3, un control de la articulación de la muñeca 33 se muestra teniendo dos cuchillas activadas por el dedo para pivotar el control cerca de un punto del pivote 35. Esta acción pivotante aplica respectivamente atención a y llama la atención desde un par de cables de control 34a/34b, que, en esta modalidad de la invención, son los cables pre-tensados de Nitinol. Aquellos con experiencia en la técnica apreciarán que otros materiales de cable pueden
ser utilizados. La operación del control de la articulación de la muñeca causa que un cable jale el montaje de mordaza 25, causando así al montaje de mordaza moverse izquierda o derecha según sea deseado. Es de importancia clave para la invención el suministro de los discos de articulación que permiten que tal articulación ocurra. En la técnica anterior, se sabe que tales mecanismos como muescas u otros mecanismos de flexión pueden ser proporcionados. Sin embargo, estos mecanismos ambos están sujetos a tensión, lo cual reduce su efectividad a lo largo del tiempo, y retiene un efecto de memoria, de forma tal que hay una tendencia para que regresen a su posición inicial, más que mantener una posición deseada por el cirujano que usa el dispositivo. La invención aquí evita ambos efectos perjudiciales de la operación del dispositivo.
La figura 4 es una vista en perspectiva de un dispositivo laparoscópico según la invención que demuestra que un alojamiento 43 que tiene un asa 44 y un disparador para la activación de la mordaza 45 que opera una unión de cuatro barras u otro tipo de unión 46 para transmitir la tensión a través del eje principal 24 y de ese modo operar las mordazas para abrirlas y cerrarlas conforme se quiera. También se muestra en la figura 4 un accionador de la cuchilla 42 por el cual una cuchilla puede ser llevada a través de la hendidura antes mencionada. Un eje rotatorio 41 permite que el eje gire sobre un acceso al eje, mientras que el control de la articulación de la muñeca 33 permite al mecanismo de la muñeca ser operado. Notar que en la figura 4 el control de articulación de la muñeca incluye una ranura de control 40 que
tanto guía como y contiene el viaje del control de la articulación de la muñeca 33.
La figura 5 es una vista en perspectiva de una modalidad adicional de la invención en la cual el eje rotatorio 51 es contenido dentro del alojamiento 57. Esta modalidad de la invención también incluye un accionador de cuchilla 52, un control de la articulación de la muñeca 53, un asa 54, y un disparador para activación de la mordaza 55.
La figura 6 es una vista esquemática en perspectiva del control de activación de la muñeca del dispositivo laparoscópico mostrado en la figura 5. Una porción de base 66 soporta una proyección de anillo 65 que, en cambio, contiene al control 53. Los cables de tensión 34a/34b se muestran teniendo bolas de terminación que proporciona una parada de cable 64a/64b. Los cables son roscados a través del accionador del control 53 a través de las respectivas hendiduras 63a/63b. Un disco indexado 61 incluye una pluralidad de palancas 62. Un resorte plano 61 es colocado para engranar dentro de dichas palancas para proporcionar un mecanismo de parada para asegurar las mordazas en una posición seleccionada evitando el movimiento del control de articulación 53, excepto cuando es deseado por un usuario del dispositivo.
La figura 7 es una vista esquemática en perspectiva de la porción de base del control de articulación 66 que muestra el mecanismo de resorte 61 que se encuentra en un hueco 70 de la proyección similar a un anillo 65.
La figura 8 es una vista esquemática en perspectiva del control de articulación 53 que muestra las palancas 62 en un detalle más grande.
La figura 9 muestra una modalidad alternativa de la invención, en la cual un control de articulación 93 incluye una pluralidad de palancas 92 formada en un disco de palanca indexado 97. La operación del control 93 causa rotación cerca del punto del pivote 91 y engrana una bola de parada 95 en una de una pluralidad de palancas 92 formada en el anillo de indexación. Un mecanismo de émbolo de bola 94 mantiene polarización sobre la bola de parada 95. El control de indexación 93 incluye un par de puntos de unión 98a/98b, discutidos en mayor un detalle más adelante.
La figura 10 es una vista en perspectiva del mecanismo de control indexado para el mecanismo de articulación en el dispositivo laparoscópico. Como se muestra en la figura 10, un par de hendiduras 100a/100b son proporcionadas para recibir los cables de control (no mostrados).
La figura 11 es una vista en perspectiva adicional del mecanismo de control para la muñeca de articulación en un dispositivo laparoscópico según la invención. La figura 11 muestra claramente el arreglo del control de articulación 93 en conexión con el anillo indexado 97, y en particular muestra la unión allí entre un par de pernos 98a/98b.
La figura 12 es una modalidad más de la invención mostrando un mecanismo de indexación que comprende un perno de indexación 120 el cual es engranado en una ranura 121.
La figura 13 es una vista en perspectiva de corte que muestra el perno de indexación 120 que comprende una porción de cabeza 131 y una pluralidad de porciones ensanchadas 130 las cuales se engranan o desengranan con un bloque asegurador 133. Por consiguiente, esta modalidad de la invención comprende una cerradura del atasco en la cual la depresión del perno 120 atasca la porción ensanchada del perno 130 en el bloque 133 y evita así la rotación del mecanismo de control de accionamiento.
La figura 14 es una vista detallada del mecanismo de atasco que muestra el perno 120, la cabeza 131 y ensanchamientos 130 en mayor detalle.
La figura 15 es una perspectiva, de una vista parcialmente cortada de un dispositivo laparoscópico, mostrando un miembro de accionamiento según la invención. Los miembros de accionamiento pueden ser hechos de un alambre redondo (acero inoxidable o Nitinol), usando resortes helicoidales apretados para soporte. Los miembros de accionamiento pueden también ser bandas planas de acero inoxidable 150, como se muestra en las figuras 15 y 16. La figura 15 muestra la sección de la muñeca del dispositivo, mientras que la figura 16 muestra solamente los componentes de interés, esto es, la banda de activación de la mordaza 150, el perno de cierre 160, y la cuchilla de corte 161. Esta modalidad sustituyó al alambre redondo con bandas planas y soporta las bandas usando la estructura interna de las vértebras. Otras modalidades pueden usar las bandas de polímero planas para proporcionar soporte adicional. Estas bandas podrían ser ya sea PTFE
(Teflón®) o FEP. La estructura de soporte puede también involucrar tubo de encogimiento PTFE o de FEP sobre la cuchilla y/o la banda de de activación de la mordaza.
Aunque la invención es descrita aquí con referencia a la modalidad preferida, una persona con experiencia en la técnica, apreciará fácilmente que otras aplicaciones pueden ser sustituidas por aquellas expuestas aquí sin desviarse del espíritu y alcance de la presente invención. Por consiguiente, la invención solamente debe ser limitada por las reivindicaciones incluidas a continuación.
Claims (22)
1.- Un instrumento de agarre laparoscópico, que comprende: un eje alargado que tiene un conjunto de mordazas asociado con un extremo distal del mismo y un asa asociada con un extremo proximal del mismo; una muñeca de articulación ubicada entre dicho eje y dicho conjunto de mordazas para efectuar movimiento de dichas mordazas en relación a dicho eje según se desee, a la izquierda y a la derecha, a partir de la línea central, dicha muñeca de articulación comprende: un accionador asociado con dicha asa; por lo menos un miembro de transferencia de fuerza para traducir la operación del usuario de dicho accionador en movimiento de dichas mordazas para controlar el grado de articulación de dicho instrumento; y una muñeca de articulación que comprende un conjunto de vértebras fundamentales que están conectadas una con otra, en donde cada vértebra es adaptada para pivotar izquierda y derecha a partir de la línea central en relación a cualquier eje y dicho conjunto de mordazas.
2.- El instrumento de conformidad con la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado además porque comprende adicionalmente: un miembro de activación de mordaza.
3. - El instrumento de conformidad con la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado además porque comprende adicionalmente: un cortador; y un miembro cortador de accionamiento.
4. - El instrumento de conformidad con la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado además porque comprende adicionalmente: un soporte flexible para dicho miembro de transferencia de fuerza que comprende un resorte helicoidal apretado alojado dentro de dichas uniones de muñeca para guiar a dicho miembro de accionamiento.
5. - El instrumento de conformidad con la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado además porque comprende adicionalmente un mecanismo de seguridad para evitar el movimiento de dicha muñeca de articulación mientras que dicho usuario realiza otras operaciones sobre dicho instrumento.
6. - El instrumento de conformidad con la reivindicación 5, caracterizado además porque dicho mecanismo de seguridad además comprende: un mecanismo de indexación con el cual dicho usuario puede indexar y elegir una cantidad necesaria de ángulo de mordaza entre ángulos preestablecidos.
7. - El instrumento de conformidad con la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado además porque dicho miembro de transferencia de fuerza comprende: uno o más alambres o cables que corren en ambos lados de la articulación de la muñeca para transferir las fuerzas de dicho accionador a dicha muñeca.
8. - El instrumento de conformidad con la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado además porque dicho accionador comprende: un montaje rotatorio que recibe uno o más miembros de transferencia de fuerza desde dicha muñeca; en donde dicho montaje rotatorio es montado para pivotar alrededor de un punto del pivote en dicha asa; y en donde dicho accionador está configurado para rotación concéntrica alrededor de dicho punto de pivote; en donde el movimiento a lo largo de uno o más miembros de transferencia de fuerza a lo largo de dicho eje es controlado, con base en una distancia desde dicho punto de pivote a un punto de unión de uno o más miembros de transferencia de fuerza.
9. - El instrumento de conformidad con la reivindicación 8, caracterizado además porque en donde un ángulo de articulación es controlado por una distancia que dichos uno o más miembros de transferencia de fuerza mueven, el cual es determinado por dicha geometría de muñeca.
10.- El instrumento de conformidad con la reivindicación 5, caracterizado además porque dicho mecanismo de seguridad además comprende: un resorte que tiene una forma que desvía cuando una fuerza es aplicada al mismo; en donde dicho resorte es alojado dentro de un portador circular; y en donde solamente la porción desviable de dicho resorte es accesible y sobresaliente desde ese portador circular; un miembro de rotación que tiene una porción circular retirada desde el área de pivote; en donde dicho miembro de rotación es adaptado para ajusfar sobre el portador circular; y un patrón dentado que es retirado a lo largo de un diámetro interior de dicha porción circular de dicho miembro de rotación; dicho miembro de rotación comprende brazos que se extienden desde un centro del cuerpo mismo al cual dicho uno o más miembros de transferencia de fuerza están unidos; en donde dicho resorte sobresale en muescas creadas por dicho patrón dentado; y en donde un ángulo de articulación de dicha muñeca es controlado por distancias predeterminadas entre dichos dientes y una distancia desde un punto de unión de dicho uno o más miembros de transferencia de fuerza al punto de pivote.
11. - El instrumento de conformidad con la reivindicación 5, caracterizado además porque dicho mecanismo de seguridad además comprende: un émbolo de bola desviado por resorte montado dentro de un portador circular; un miembro de rotación que tiene una porción retirada de un área pivote; en donde dicho miembro de rotación está adaptado para ajustarse sobre dicho portador circular y un patrón dentado que es retirado a lo largo de un diámetro interior de dicha porción circular de dicho miembro de rotación; en donde dicho émbolo de resorte empata con las muescas creadas por dicho patrón dentado.
12. - El instrumento de conformidad con la reivindicación 5, caracterizado además porque dicho mecanismo de seguridad además comprende: un ala que está montada sobre la parte superior del miembro de rotación; en donde dicha ala es adaptada para ser manipulable para controlar la rotación de dicho miembro de rotación alrededor de un portador circular.
13. - El instrumento de conformidad con la reivindicación 5, caracterizado además porque dicho mecanismo de seguridad además comprende: una bisagra flexible montada cerca de dicha asa, dicha bisagra flexible tiene una forma V que es adaptada para que se ajuste dentro de una serie de ranuras de un alojamiento externo que rodea dicha bisagra flexible, dicha porción con forma V que tiene una punta que sobresale de dicha serie de ranuras; en donde dicha serie de ranuras está dispuesta a lo largo de una longitud de dicho alojamiento externo; en donde dicho alojamiento engrana con por lo menos un miembro de transferencia de fuerza; en donde dicha muñeca de articulación es adaptada para ser ajustada y asegurada primero oprimiendo hacia debajo de dicha bisagra flexible para desengranar una posición actual de aseguramiento, y entonces mover dicho alojamiento externo de una posición proximal a una distal o viceversa, lo cual entonces se asegura re-engranando con dicha bisagra flexible en cualquiera de las varias predeterminadas distancias establecidas por dicha serie de ranuras, en donde dichas distancias determinan un ángulo en el cual dicha muñeca es articulada.
14. - El instrumento de conformidad con la reivindicación 5, caracterizado además porque dicho mecanismo de seguridad además comprende: un miembro de rotación que rota libremente alrededor de una clavija de pivote; un botón con forma parecida a una cuña, en forma de tubo montado sobre la parte superior de dicho pivote y anclado dentro de dicha clavija del pivote, dicho botón adaptado para ser oprimido en dicha clavija de pivote; en donde una porción de dicho botón se ensancha a través de la ranura formada en dicha clavija de pivote para asegurar el ángulo de muñeca y dicho miembro de rotación a un ángulo de articulación determinado por el usuario.
15. - El instrumento de conformidad con la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado además porque dicho conjunto de mordazas además comprende: por lo menos un conjunto de electrodos para recibir una carga eléctrica y para impartir dicha carga a un órgano o tejido durante un procedimiento para electrocauterizar.
16. - El instrumento de conformidad con la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado además porque cada dicha vértebra comprende: una proyección similar a una bola y una hendidura complementaria; en donde una proyección similar a una bola de una vértebra es adaptada para engranar en una hendidura complementaria de una vértebra adyacente.
17. - El instrumento de conformidad con la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado además porque dicha vértebra comprende: un disco pivotante articulado.
18. - El instrumento de conformidad con la reivindicación 1 , caracterizado además porque comprende adicionalmente un miembro accionador de instrumento que efectúa una operación seleccionada del instrumento en respuesta a la activación seleccionada del instrumento por el usuario.
19. - El instrumento de conformidad con la reivindicación 18, caracterizado además porque dicho miembro de accionamiento comprende un alambre redondo soportado por resortes helicoidales apretados.
20. - El instrumento de conformidad con la reivindicación 19, caracterizado además porque dicho alambre redondo comprende ya sea acero inoxidable o Nitinol.
21. - El instrumento de conformidad con la reivindicación 18, caracterizado además porque dicho miembro de accionamiento comprende una banda plana.
22.- El instrumento de conformidad con la reivindicación 18, caracterizado además porque dicha operación del instrumento comprende movimiento de una cuchilla.
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-
2008
- 2008-02-06 US US12/027,231 patent/US20090198272A1/en not_active Abandoned
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2009
- 2009-02-06 CA CA2713983A patent/CA2713983C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-02-06 EP EP09707446.2A patent/EP2240095B1/en active Active
- 2009-02-06 AU AU2009212240A patent/AU2009212240B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2009-02-06 JP JP2010546064A patent/JP5704926B2/ja active Active
- 2009-02-06 KR KR1020107017567A patent/KR101610974B1/ko active Active
- 2009-02-06 CN CN200980104230XA patent/CN101938946B/zh active Active
- 2009-02-06 ES ES09707446.2T patent/ES2553338T3/es active Active
- 2009-02-06 WO PCT/US2009/033443 patent/WO2009100366A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2009-02-06 CN CN2013102718322A patent/CN103405262A/zh active Pending
- 2009-02-06 BR BRPI0908061A patent/BRPI0908061B8/pt active IP Right Grant
- 2009-02-06 MX MX2010008634A patent/MX2010008634A/es active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2009100366A2 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
| EP2240095A4 (en) | 2012-11-07 |
| KR101610974B1 (ko) | 2016-04-20 |
| CN101938946A (zh) | 2011-01-05 |
| CA2713983A1 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
| CA2713983C (en) | 2014-08-05 |
| WO2009100366A3 (en) | 2009-11-12 |
| JP5704926B2 (ja) | 2015-04-22 |
| CN101938946B (zh) | 2013-07-24 |
| JP2011510800A (ja) | 2011-04-07 |
| BRPI0908061B8 (pt) | 2021-06-22 |
| BRPI0908061A2 (pt) | 2015-08-11 |
| KR20100118573A (ko) | 2010-11-05 |
| BRPI0908061B1 (pt) | 2019-07-16 |
| AU2009212240B2 (en) | 2014-04-17 |
| EP2240095B1 (en) | 2015-09-30 |
| ES2553338T3 (es) | 2015-12-07 |
| EP2240095A2 (en) | 2010-10-20 |
| CN103405262A (zh) | 2013-11-27 |
| US20090198272A1 (en) | 2009-08-06 |
| AU2009212240A1 (en) | 2009-08-13 |
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