NOZZLE NOZZLE
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a dispensing nozzle. Said dispensing nozzle can be used for the transfer of molten metal from a metallurgical vessel (upper) to a second metallurgical vessel (lower), for example for the transfer of a steel melt from a ladle to a tundish. Said dispensing nozzles are made of at least one refractory material (to withstand the high melting temperatures) and are constituted by a tubular region, which defines a first part of a spout channel and a plate-like region with a defining orifice. a second part of the spout channel (common). Said plate-like region which is usually integral to the tubular region is distributed at one end of the tubular member. This generates a design similar to T of the complete dispensing nozzle. Typically, two of said dispensing nozzles are distributed in the outlet area of a metallurgical melting vessel. One of the two nozzles is distributed mainly within the refractory lining of the container, for example inside. a well block. These so-called internal nozzles are assembled with
its tubular region at its upper end and a plate-like region at its lower end. By this installation, the plate-like region can be used as a part of a slide gate valve. For this purpose, the plate-like region has a flat surface at its flat upper (lower) free end which runs perpendicular to a longitudinal axis of the spout channel, i.e., more or less horizontal in the assembled position of the dispensing nozzle . Correspondingly, a second nozzle (often called the outlet nozzle or exchange nozzle) can be installed below the internal nozzle, for example mounted in vice versa with its plate-like part and its upper end and its tubular part at its end. lower. This mouthpiece can often be moved after installation. Again, the free surface of the plate-like region must be flat so that it can be used as a sliding surface within a two or three plate sliding mechanism. It is further known that it is encapsulated by at least part of the nozzle by a metal shell (metal shell). This cover stabilizes the nozzle and facilitates the exchange of the nozzle. The metallic part can also provide the geometric precision necessary to
an effective adjustment with a corresponding spare or operational mechanism and mechanical support to the relatively brittle refractory ceramic nozzle components. Due to a combination of thermomechanical forces established during the preheating of the nozzle, tensions are generated by exchange movement- and / or pouring operation within the nozzle which can result in fractures through its wall, especially in the area of transition where the plate and the tubular portions coincide. The inventors have analyzed, by computer simulation study, the origins of said fracture formation. It has been observed that for the lower (mobile) element, the highest stresses occur on the support mechanism for the nozzle and are larger in the central transverse axis on the loading mechanism. In the classic "T" shape of a dispensing nozzle, these support forces generate a highly stressed area between the support surface and the spout channel along which fractures can propagate from the outside to the borehole (channel spout) of the tube section under a support flange (the plate-like member). It is also observed that under operating conditions - differential expansion causes deflection of
surface. Although the surface of the pair of plates around the spout channel remain in intimate contact with each other, the surface plates in the outer areas are separated, as illustrated in figure 1. One object of the invention is to provide a dispensing nozzle which can be used as an internal or external nozzle and which provides the necessary precision for an effective adjustment within the corresponding retention mechanism or push and that at the same time provide the necessary stability over the range of temperatures found in the assembly, preheating and operation. It has been found by the inventors that the disadvantages of the devices of the prior art can be solved by the distribution of at least one reinforcing element within the refractory material of the plate-like member or between the plate-like member and the metal sheath . A further alternative, which generates similar results, is to make the part of the reinforcing element of the metal shell so that the reinforcing element then protrudes into the refractory material of the plate-like member. In its most general embodiment, the invention relates to a dispensing nozzle made of at least one refractory material and "comprising a member
tubular defining a first part of a spout channel and a plate-like member integral with the tubular member and projecting from the tubular member along its periphery at one end, the plate-like member has a hole defining a second part of the spout channel and a flat surface at its free end, flat surface which runs perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the spout channel, at least part of the plate-like member and / or the tubular member is encapsulated by a metal casing, in wherein at least one reinforcing element is distributed within the refractory material of the plate-like member, between the plate-like member and the metal sheath or protruding from the metal sheath in the plate-like member. The design configuration of the external encapsulation facilitates the introduction of an integral reinforcement inside the support can. The additional stiffness provided by said integral internal reinforcing elements introduces the potential to absorb the punctual load forces of a corresponding support mechanism and distributes any of said forces uniformly through a wide of the encapsulated refractory ceramic material and thus on the head and tubular regions of the nozzle. Various design configurations of the elements-
Integral reinforcement are possible to provide maximum strength with a minimum weight and maximum compatibility with the mechanism of support of the nozzle change device. According to one embodiment, the dispensing nozzle comprises two reinforcing elements distributed at opposite ends of the plate-like member. Typically, the plate-like member is shaped like a parallelepiped, especially when used within a sliding gate distribution. It then comprises two (or four) opposing support flanges against which the support mechanism acts. The reinforcing elements can have various shapes. They can be shaped like a rod, like a helical spring, like a rod or the like. Along with the dispensing nozzles comprising a plate-like member with a circular free surface area, the plate-like member may be in the shape of a ring. The reinforcing element (reinforcing element) can be completely surrounded by refractory ceramic material (first alternative). It can also be distributed between the refractory ceramic material and the metal casing (second alternative). In the third alternative, the reinforcement member is part of the
metal wrap and is distributed as a flange along the inner wall of the wrapper. All of these three modalities will be described further with the following examples. The reinforcing element may be distributed so that one of its surfaces forms part of the flat surface of the plate-like member. It is then preferably distributed on the outer periphery of the flat surface of the plate-like member. This minimizes the risk of any deflection in the outer peripheral region of the plate-like member according to Figure 1. As described primarily in EP 1 133 373 Bl, an interposed area that absorbs shocks between the refractory material can be distributed. basic (internal) and one or more of the reinforcement elements and / or the metallic (external) envelope. The intermediate region that absorbs shocks can be made from a second refractory material which becomes deformable at temperatures experienced during the use of the dispensing nozzle in the metal melt. For further details reference is made to EP 1 133 373 Bl. The concept of the invention can be applied to dispensing nozzles of a strong T shape, ie nozzles comprising a plate-like region whose
Support surfaces run more or less parallel to the flat surface at their free end. The concept can also be applied to nozzles according to Figure 3 of EP 1 133 373 Bl (identical to the nozzles according to EP 1 590 114 Bl) comprising supporting surfaces (opposite the free flat surface), support surfaces which form an angle different from 90 ° with the longitudinal axis of the spout channel. In the latter case, one or more parts of one or more reinforcing elements are part of the beveled surface sections (support surfaces). One or more of the reinforcing elements can be made of any material that improves the manufacture, use or exchange of a dispensing nozzle for metal melting. One of the favorite materials is metal, although it is also a favorite ceramic material or with a high modulus of rupture. Additional features of the invention are described in the subclaims and other application documents. The invention will now be described in more detail in relation to the accompanying drawing, which shows schematically: In Figure 1, a cross-sectional view of a dispensing nozzle according to the technique
previous, after use. In Figure 2, a cross-sectional view of a dispensing nozzle according to the invention (second embodiment). In Figure 3, a cross-sectional view 1 of a dispensing nozzle according to the invention (third embodiment). In Figure 4, a cross-sectional view of a dispensing nozzle according to the invention (first embodiment). Figure 1 shows an internal nozzle 10 and an external nozzle 12 of a generally T-shaped design with similar geometric design rims but both nozzles 10, 12 can be well characterized by identical designs. During use, operating conditions at elevated temperatures, the expansion differential causes surface deflection within the known nozzle. A contact between the respective flat surface sections 10s / 12s is maintained only around a central spout channel 14 while the outer surface areas 12so separate and create unrestricted free regions to bend under the pressure of the closing forces (arrows C) creating concentrated bend / tear stress at the junction of the -
plate-like part and the tubular element which causes a "CS" fracture from the outside towards the perforation 14. The nozzle 12 of figure 2 comprises a tubular region 12t defining a first part of the spout channel 14. The tubular part 12t is made of a common refractory ceramic material and is integral with a 12p region similar to the plate that follows upwards. The plate-like region 12p is of a cross-sectional area larger than the part 12t and comprises an internal part 12p made of the same refractory material as the tubular member 12t and two metal parts 12pm running along the two opposite sides of the internal 12p part. Although the inner surfaces of the metallic parts 12pm contact the corresponding outer surface areas of the refractory portion 12p, the outer surfaces of the part 12m are in contact with a casing 16, as described below. The plate-like member 12p provides a flat upper surface 12s at its free end (opposite tubular part 12t), surface 12s which is defined by a combination of corresponding surfaces of the refractory part 12p and the two metallic reinforcing inserts 12pm that represent reinforcement food. Following the external (peripheral) design, the reinforcement elements
(metallic 12pm parts) are characterized by an upper vertical 12pm external surface, followed by a 12pm portion of inclined surface while the respective internal walls run vertically from the upper surface 12s to the respective lower ends. A metal can 16 encapsulates the plate-like member 12p and the appended area of the tubular member 12t. The longitudinal axis of this nozzle 12 is marked "L". When the nozzle 12 of figure 1 is replaced by one incorporating the design shown in figure 2 with the integral reinforcing members, the temperature conditions arising from the service again generate a differential thermal deflection through the surface 12s of plate. However, the reinforcing elements 12pm withstand the pressures of the closing mechanism and prevent them from establishing any moment of bending stress through the refractory material of the nozzle 12. Moreover, this important nozzle effect 12 according to Figure 2 provides the additional advantage that their beveled support surfaces, provided that the can sections opposite the surface sections 12pmi have increased mechanical stability because the reinforcing elements 12pm are distributed directly behind these bearing surfaces.
A similar effect can be obtained by a dispensing nozzle 12 according to Figure 4, which differs from Figure 2 in the distribution of the two reinforcing elements 12pm. Both 12pm reinforcement elements are designed as rods (bars) and are separated within the refractory ceramic material or plate-like member 12p, that is, they are completely surrounded by the refractory material. The respective cross-sectional area is adapted to the external design of the plate-like member 12p. Especially, said reinforcing element 12pm provides sections 12pmi of inclined lower surface running parallel to the corresponding inclined support surfaces 16b of the metal can 16. Figure 3 depicts a dispenser nozzle 10 used as an internal nozzle according to the internal nozzle 10 of figure 1. The nozzle 10 again comprises a tubular part lOt followed (here: at its lower end) by a plate-like part lOp . The transition area between the tubular part lOt and the lOp part similar to plate is marked "T". Figure 3 shows a tubular part 101 which is surrounded - at its lower end - by a sleeve 18,
made of a refractory material different from that of part lOt. This sleeve 18 continues around the plate-like member lOp and in turn is encapsulated by an outer metallic shell 16 which terminates before the area 10s of free and flat surface at the lower end of the nozzle 10. An intermediate "S" layer which absorbs shocks, made of a material which becomes deformable at the temperatures experienced during the use of the dispensing nozzle, it can be introduced between the refractory lighter nozzle element lOp and the second surrounding refractory sleeve 18. Following the shape of the sleeve 18 the can 16 is characterized by a cylindrical part at its upper end followed by an inclined portion (b) extending outwards and a horizontal part 16h extending outwards followed by a portion 16v which runs vertically , final. That part of the casing 16 provided by the horizontal part 16h and the vertical portion 16v is mechanically reinforced by two reinforcing elements 10pm protruding from the opposite inner wall of the casing 16. Both reinforcing elements are designed as rods with a square section rectangular. They are a replacement part of the encapsulation material of the
cuff 18. The refractory material of the tubular portion 101 extends within the area of the plate-like member 10p and is characterized by an outwardly tapered portion 10p that provides the internal portion of the surface section 10s around the spout channel 14. The two metallic bars 10pm again act as reinforcing elements similar to the reinforcing elements in Figures 2 and 4. According to the embodiment of Figure 3, these reinforcing elements 10 pm are an integral part of the outer metallic shell 16. The shape of the can and any adjacent reinforcing means similar to 12pm or 10pm in any of the modes shown may have a suitable profile for a specific mechanism configuration.