MD856Z - Process for aluminizing steel products from nonmagnetic materials and nonferrous metals - Google Patents
Process for aluminizing steel products from nonmagnetic materials and nonferrous metals Download PDFInfo
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- MD856Z MD856Z MDS20140108A MDS20140108A MD856Z MD 856 Z MD856 Z MD 856Z MD S20140108 A MDS20140108 A MD S20140108A MD S20140108 A MDS20140108 A MD S20140108A MD 856 Z MD856 Z MD 856Z
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- pipe
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- aluminizing
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000005269 aluminizing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title abstract 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000003302 ferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 ferrous metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010073 coating (rubber) Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007779 soft material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003449 preventive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical group [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010892 electric spark Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005243 fluidization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J tin(iv) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Sn](Cl)(Cl)Cl HPGGPRDJHPYFRM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Invenţia se referă la domeniul metalurgiei, în special la tratarea chimică şi termică a metalelor şi poate fi utilizată pentru aluminizarea produselor din oţel din material nemagnetic şi metale colorate. The invention relates to the field of metallurgy, in particular to the chemical and thermal treatment of metals and can be used for aluminizing steel products made of non-magnetic material and non-ferrous metals.
Este cunoscut procedeul de aluminizare a produselor din cupru, care include tratarea preventivă a produsului cu o suspensie de un anumit conţinut chimic cu o grosime a stratului de suspensie de 0,5…1 mm şi recoacerea ulterioară într-un mediu de pulbere de aluminiu săturat. Însă suprafaţa obţinută, săturată cu aluminiu, necesită o tratare termică suplimentară, care la rândul ei duce la pătrunderea difuzivă a atomilor de aluminiu în suprafaţa de cupru [1]. The process of aluminizing copper products is known, which includes preventive treatment of the product with a suspension of a certain chemical content with a suspension layer thickness of 0.5…1 mm and subsequent annealing in a saturated aluminum powder environment. However, the resulting surface, saturated with aluminum, requires additional heat treatment, which in turn leads to the diffusion penetration of aluminum atoms into the copper surface [1].
Dezavantajele acestui procedeu constau în grosimea redusă a stratului de aluminiu depus şi consumul mare de energie necesar pentru recoacere. The disadvantages of this process are the reduced thickness of the deposited aluminum layer and the high energy consumption required for annealing.
Este cunoscut de asemenea procedeul de aluminizare a produselor din cupru, care include tratarea preventivă a produsului cu o suspensie de oxid de fier 18…25%, clorură de staniu 45…55%, grafit 18…25% şi apă 18…25% cu o grosime a stratului de 0,5…1 mm, uscarea la aer în decurs de 1 oră şi recoacerea ulterioară într-un container ermetizat într-un mediu de pulbere de aluminiu. Recoacerea are loc într-o sobă încinsă la o temperatură de 700…750°C timp de 5 ore [2]. The process of aluminizing copper products is also known, which includes preventive treatment of the product with a suspension of iron oxide 18…25%, tin chloride 45…55%, graphite 18…25% and water 18…25% with a layer thickness of 0.5…1 mm, air drying within 1 hour and subsequent annealing in a sealed container in an aluminum powder environment. Annealing takes place in a furnace heated to a temperature of 700…750°C for 5 hours [2].
Dezavantajul acestui procedeu constă în dependenţa realizării acestuia de tehnologiile chimice. The disadvantage of this process is its dependence on chemical technologies.
Cea mai apropiată soluţie este procedeul de aluminizare a oţelurilor şi metalelor neferoase, care include tratarea preventivă a produsului cu o suspensie apoasă, precum şi recoacerea ulterioară într-un container ermetic ce conţine un mediu săturat din pulbere cu un anumit conţinut [3]. The closest solution is the aluminizing process for steels and non-ferrous metals, which includes preventive treatment of the product with an aqueous suspension, as well as subsequent annealing in a hermetic container containing a saturated powder medium with a certain content [3].
Dezavantajele acestui procedeu constau în consumul mare de energie la procesul de recoacere şi în alegerea componenţei pulberilor pentru fiecare metal sau aliaj în parte. The disadvantages of this process consist in the high energy consumption during the annealing process and in the choice of powder composition for each individual metal or alloy.
La dezavantajele soluţiilor menţionate se referă şi dependenţa realizării acestora de tehnologiile chimice, bazate în mare parte pe alegerea amestecurilor şi excluderea totală a metodelor electrofizice. Există metode electrofizice bazate pe alierea cu scântei electrice a suprafeţelor metalelor şi aliajelor cu electrod din aluminiu. Însă aceste metode sunt ineficiente în cazul prelucrării unor suprafeţe vaste şi deseori sunt comise scăpări în continuitatea prelucrării suprafeţei, iar aceasta se obţine în final neomogenă. The disadvantages of the mentioned solutions also include the dependence of their implementation on chemical technologies, based largely on the choice of mixtures and the total exclusion of electrophysical methods. There are electrophysical methods based on electric spark alloying of metal surfaces and alloys with an aluminum electrode. However, these methods are inefficient in the case of processing large surfaces and often gaps are made in the continuity of surface processing, and it is ultimately obtained inhomogeneous.
Problema pe care o rezolvă prezenta invenţie constă în aluminizarea produselor din oţel din material nemagnetic şi metale colorate fără tratare termică şi cu un consum mai mic de energie. The problem solved by the present invention consists in aluminizing non-magnetic steel products and non-ferrous metals without heat treatment and with lower energy consumption.
Procedeul de aluminizare a produselor din oţel din material nemagnetic şi metale colorate, conform invenţiei, înlătură dezavantajele menţionate mai sus prin aceea că include prepararea şi amplasarea într-o ţeavă din material nemagnetic conductor, cu capetele ermetizate cu ajutorul unor garnituri de cauciuc, a unui amestec format din pulbere de aluminiu sau oxid de aluminiu şi bucăţi de sârmă din material feromagnetic moale, amplasarea coaxială cu interstiţiu în ţeavă, prin garnituri, a produsului de formă cilindrică de prelucrat, amplasarea ţevii în cavitatea unui inductor cu inducţia magnetică de 25…35 mT, conectarea ţevii la polul pozitiv al unei surse de curent continuu cu tensiunea de 40…90 V şi a produsului la polul negativ, printr-un contur RC. Lungimea bucăţilor de sârmă din material feromagnetic moale se selectează de 2…3 ori mai mică decât lăţimea interstiţiului. Totodată concentraţia bucăţilor de sârmă din material feromagnetic moale se selectează de 1…2,5% din volumul interstiţiului, iar concentraţia pulberii - de 0,5…1,5% din volumul interstiţiului. De asemenea sectoarele produsului, care nu necesită prelucrare, se acoperă cu un înveliş de cauciuc sau cu o peliculă dielectrică. The process for aluminizing steel products made of non-magnetic material and non-ferrous metals, according to the invention, eliminates the above-mentioned disadvantages by including the preparation and placement in a pipe made of non-magnetic conductive material, with the ends sealed with rubber gaskets, of a mixture formed by aluminum powder or aluminum oxide and pieces of wire made of soft ferromagnetic material, coaxial placement with a gap in the pipe, through gaskets, of the cylindrical product to be processed, placement of the pipe in the cavity of an inductor with a magnetic induction of 25…35 mT, connection of the pipe to the positive pole of a direct current source with a voltage of 40…90 V and of the product to the negative pole, through an RC circuit. The length of the pieces of wire made of soft ferromagnetic material is selected 2…3 times smaller than the width of the gap. At the same time, the concentration of pieces of wire made of soft ferromagnetic material is selected at 1…2.5% of the volume of the gap, and the concentration of powder - at 0.5…1.5% of the volume of the gap. Also, the product sectors that do not require processing are covered with a rubber coating or a dielectric film.
În cazul aluminizării suprafeţelor interioare ale produselor, de exemplu ţevilor, se montează o bară de metal din material nemagnetic, de un diametru mai mic, în interiorul ţevii, după care bara se conectează la polul pozitiv al sursei de curent continuu, iar produsul - la polul negativ al sursei. In the case of aluminizing the inner surfaces of products, for example pipes, a metal bar made of non-magnetic material, of a smaller diameter, is mounted inside the pipe, after which the bar is connected to the positive pole of the direct current source, and the product - to the negative pole of the source.
Invenţia se explică prin desenele din fig. 1-2, care reprezintă: The invention is explained by the drawings in Fig. 1-2, which represent:
- fig. 1, schema dispozitivului de aluminizare a produselor din oţel din material nemagnetic şi metale colorate; - Fig. 1, diagram of the device for aluminizing steel products made of non-magnetic material and non-ferrous metals;
- fig. 2, produs din cupru, pe suprafaţa exterioară a căruia este depus un strat de aluminiu. - Fig. 2, made of copper, on the outer surface of which a layer of aluminum is deposited.
Dispozitivul de aluminizare a produselor din oţel din material nemagnetic şi metale colorate (fig. 1) include o sursă de curent alternativ 1, la care este conectat un inductor 2, care reprezintă statorul unui motor electric, o ţeavă 3 din material nemagnetic conductor, cu capetele ermetizate cu ajutorul unor garnituri de cauciuc 6, care formează o cameră 5, cu un amestec 8 format din pulbere de aluminiu sau oxid de aluminiu şi bucăţi de sârmă 7 din material feromagnetic moale, o sursă de curent continuu 9, conectată cu polul pozitiv la ţeava 3, iar cu polul negativ la produsul 4, printr-un contur RC, format din rezistenţa 10 şi condensatorul 11. The device for aluminizing steel products made of non-magnetic material and non-ferrous metals (fig. 1) includes an alternating current source 1, to which an inductor 2 is connected, which represents the stator of an electric motor, a pipe 3 made of non-magnetic conductive material, with the ends sealed by means of rubber gaskets 6, which form a chamber 5, with a mixture 8 made of aluminum powder or aluminum oxide and pieces of wire 7 made of soft ferromagnetic material, a direct current source 9, connected with the positive pole to the pipe 3, and with the negative pole to the product 4, through an RC circuit, formed by the resistor 10 and the capacitor 11.
Procedeul se realizează în modul următor. The procedure is carried out in the following way.
La conectarea inductorului 2, care creează un câmp electromagnetic, bucăţile de sârmă 7 şi pulberea 8 trec în stare de pseudofluidizare. La conectarea ţevii 3 la polul pozitiv al sursei 9 şi a produsului 4 la polul negativ, bucăţile de sârmă 7 şi pulberea 8 iniţiază descărcări electrice prin scântei, care conduc la formarea pe suprafaţa produsului 4 a unui strat dur din pulbere topită, grosimea căreia poate fi reglată. Procedeul nu necesită o tratare termică aparte a produsului 4, iar durata de prelucrare a unui sector cu lungimea de 10 cm nu depăşeşte 3…5 min. Luând în consideraţie posibilitatea deplasării produsului 4 cu lungime mare prin ţeava 3 cu garniturile 6, durata de prelucrare a 1 m de produs nu va depăşi 50 min. În cea mai apropiată soluţie timpul necesar numai pentru recoacerea produsului de prelucrat constituie 5 ore. La utilizarea produselor de prelucrat din oţeluri obişnuite, care se magnetizează în câmpul magnetic, fenomenul de fluidizare nu are loc şi bucăţile de sârmă 7 se lipesc de suprafaţa prelucrată fără niciun efect vădit. When the inductor 2 is connected, which creates an electromagnetic field, the pieces of wire 7 and the powder 8 enter a pseudofluidization state. When the pipe 3 is connected to the positive pole of the source 9 and the product 4 to the negative pole, the pieces of wire 7 and the powder 8 initiate electric discharges through sparks, which lead to the formation of a hard layer of molten powder on the surface of the product 4, the thickness of which can be adjusted. The process does not require a separate heat treatment of the product 4, and the processing time of a sector with a length of 10 cm does not exceed 3…5 min. Taking into account the possibility of moving the product 4 with a large length through the pipe 3 with the gaskets 6, the processing time of 1 m of the product will not exceed 50 min. In the closest solution, the time required only for annealing the product to be processed is 5 hours. When using workpieces made of ordinary steels, which are magnetized in the magnetic field, the fluidization phenomenon does not occur and the pieces of wire 7 stick to the processed surface without any obvious effect.
Exemplul 1 Example 1
În ţeava 3 prin garniturile 6 este introdus un produs din cupru 4, şi anume o ţeavă cu diametrul exterior de 10…15 mm. Camera 5 este umplută cu un amestec din bucăţi de sârmă 7 din material feromagnetic moale cu concentraţia de 1,5% şi pulbere de aluminiu cu concentraţia de 1%. La conectarea inductorului 2 la reţeaua de curent trifazat prin intermediul unui variator de tensiune şi crearea unui câmp electromagnetic rotativ în intervalul de 25…35 mT, tot amestecul din ţeava 3 trece în stare de pseudofluidizare, astfel fiind posibilă prelucrarea nu numai a produsului (ţevii) 4, dar şi a produselor, practic de orice altă formă complexă. In the pipe 3 through the gaskets 6 is inserted a copper product 4, namely a pipe with an outer diameter of 10…15 mm. The chamber 5 is filled with a mixture of pieces of wire 7 of soft ferromagnetic material with a concentration of 1.5% and aluminum powder with a concentration of 1%. When connecting the inductor 2 to the three-phase current network by means of a voltage variator and creating a rotating electromagnetic field in the range of 25…35 mT, the entire mixture in the pipe 3 passes into a pseudofluidization state, thus making it possible to process not only the product (pipe) 4, but also products of practically any other complex shape.
La conectarea sursei 9 prin intermediul rezistenţei 10, ce permite de a limita curentul şi a stabili o tensiune în intervalul de 40…90 V, în amestecul pseudofluidizat format din pulbere 8 de aluminiu sau oxid de aluminiu şi bucăţi de sârmă 7 din material feromagnetic moale, apar o mulţime de descărcări electrice prin scântei (durata impulsurilor de curent electric se estimează de 10-3s…3·10-3s) şi pe suprafaţa ţevii se depune un strat stabil de aluminiu (fig. 2). La o tensiune mai mare de 90 V se formează clastere din bucăţi de sârmă şi sporeşte posibilitatea de sudare a bucăţilor de sârmă între ele cu provocarea unui scurtcircuit. Utilizarea bucăţilor de sârmă cu o lungime comensurabilă cu interstiţiul dintre ţeava 3 şi produsul 4, contribuie nu la apariţia unor descărcări electrice efect corona, dar la un scurtcircuit simplu şi inutil din punct de vedere tehnologic. De aceea intervalul optim al geometriei bucăţilor de sârmă 7 poate fi considerat raportul dintre lungimea lor de 12…14 mm şi diametrul lor de 1…3 mm. Durata de prelucrare este apreciată în intervalul de 2…5 min. When the source 9 is connected via the resistor 10, which allows to limit the current and establish a voltage in the range of 40…90 V, in the pseudofluidized mixture formed by aluminum powder 8 or aluminum oxide and pieces of wire 7 made of soft ferromagnetic material, a multitude of electric discharges through sparks appear (the duration of the electric current pulses is estimated at 10-3s…3·10-3s) and a stable layer of aluminum is deposited on the surface of the pipe (Fig. 2). At a voltage higher than 90 V, clusters of wire pieces are formed and the possibility of welding the pieces of wire together increases, causing a short circuit. The use of pieces of wire with a length commensurate with the gap between the pipe 3 and the product 4 contributes not to the appearance of corona-effect electric discharges, but to a simple and technologically unnecessary short circuit. Therefore, the optimal range of the geometry of the wire pieces 7 can be considered the ratio between their length of 12…14 mm and their diameter of 1…3 mm. The processing time is estimated to be in the range of 2…5 min.
Exemplul 2 Example 2
În acest caz toţi parametrii coincid cu cei din exemplul 1, se modifică doar concentraţia bucăţilor de sârmă până la 10%. Efectul de pseudofluidizare nu apare. Doar la reducerea concentraţiei până la 3% apar primii indici de pseudofluidizare, iar la concentraţia bucăţilor de sârmă de 2,5%, efectul de pseudofluidizare se manifestă pe deplin. In this case all parameters coincide with those in example 1, only the concentration of wire pieces is changed to 10%. The pseudofluidization effect does not appear. Only when the concentration is reduced to 3% do the first pseudofluidization indices appear, and at the concentration of wire pieces of 2.5%, the pseudofluidization effect is fully manifested.
Exemplul 3 Example 3
Toţi parametrii coincid cu cei din exemplul 1, însă între piesa de prelucrat şi sursa de curent continuu 9, după rezistenţa electrică 10 este prevăzut condensatorul 11, care formează împreună cu rezistenţa un contur RC. Rezistenţa limitează mărimea curentului, iar prin variaţia capacităţii condensatorului C este posibilă reglarea energiei descărcării electrice, variind parametrii descărcării prin scântei şi starea suprafeţei prelucrate, inclusiv obţinând suprafeţe relativ netede şi foarte rugoase, însuşire importantă la depunerea catalizatorilor. All parameters coincide with those in example 1, but between the workpiece and the DC source 9, after the electrical resistance 10, the capacitor 11 is provided, which together with the resistance forms an RC circuit. The resistance limits the magnitude of the current, and by varying the capacitance of the capacitor C it is possible to regulate the energy of the electric discharge, varying the parameters of the spark discharge and the condition of the processed surface, including obtaining relatively smooth and very rough surfaces, an important property when depositing catalysts.
Toate exemplele prezentate se realizează în mediu gazos, inclusiv în aer, în lipsa umidităţii. All the examples presented are carried out in a gaseous environment, including air, in the absence of humidity.
1. SU 1548265 A1 1990.03.07 1. SU 1548265 A1 1990.03.07
2. SU 1747537 A1 1992.07.15 2. SU 1747537 A1 1992.07.15
3. SU 199625 A1 1967.07.13 3. SU 199625 A1 1967.07.13
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| MDS20140108A MD856Z (en) | 2014-08-11 | 2014-08-11 | Process for aluminizing steel products from nonmagnetic materials and nonferrous metals |
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| MDS20140108A MD856Z (en) | 2014-08-11 | 2014-08-11 | Process for aluminizing steel products from nonmagnetic materials and nonferrous metals |
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| MD856Y MD856Y (en) | 2014-12-31 |
| MD856Z true MD856Z (en) | 2015-07-31 |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU199625A1 (en) * | METHOD OF CHEMICAL-THERMAL ALITATION OF METALS AND ALLOYS | |||
| SU1548265A1 (en) * | 1988-05-26 | 1990-03-07 | Харьковский государственный университет им.А.М.Горького | Method of aluminizing copper articles |
| SU1747537A1 (en) * | 1990-06-27 | 1992-07-15 | Харьковкий Государственный Университет Им.А.М.Горького | Method of calorizing copper products |
| RU2195513C2 (en) * | 2000-11-17 | 2002-12-27 | Загриценко Тамара Константиновна | Article calorizing method |
| RU2382830C1 (en) * | 2008-08-13 | 2010-02-27 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт авиационных материалов" (ФГУП "ВИАМ") | Method of surface calorising of internal cavity of turbine blade from heat-resistant alloy |
| RU2489513C2 (en) * | 2007-10-03 | 2013-08-10 | Снекма | Method for aluminising from vapour phase of hollow metal parts of gas-turbine engine |
-
2014
- 2014-08-11 MD MDS20140108A patent/MD856Z/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SU199625A1 (en) * | METHOD OF CHEMICAL-THERMAL ALITATION OF METALS AND ALLOYS | |||
| SU1548265A1 (en) * | 1988-05-26 | 1990-03-07 | Харьковский государственный университет им.А.М.Горького | Method of aluminizing copper articles |
| SU1747537A1 (en) * | 1990-06-27 | 1992-07-15 | Харьковкий Государственный Университет Им.А.М.Горького | Method of calorizing copper products |
| RU2195513C2 (en) * | 2000-11-17 | 2002-12-27 | Загриценко Тамара Константиновна | Article calorizing method |
| RU2489513C2 (en) * | 2007-10-03 | 2013-08-10 | Снекма | Method for aluminising from vapour phase of hollow metal parts of gas-turbine engine |
| RU2382830C1 (en) * | 2008-08-13 | 2010-02-27 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт авиационных материалов" (ФГУП "ВИАМ") | Method of surface calorising of internal cavity of turbine blade from heat-resistant alloy |
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| MD856Y (en) | 2014-12-31 |
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