Theoria musicae

Theoria musicae,^[1] etiam musica theorica^[2] appellata, est cognitio rationum quibus efficitur musica. Ea est scientia multiplex, una fortasse dissimilis aliarum scientiarum, ut tam multis de physica tam de motibus gustatibusque animi hominum comprimitur. Id est musicam perplane scrutinare, a proprietatibus sonorum, ad partes auris quae sonos interpretantur, ad regulas compositionum, ad effectus quos musica auscultantibus imprimit. Ea saepe dicitur deductio ex artificiosis Europae studiis musicis.

Theoria musicae linguam notationemque musicae tractat. Ea exemplaria et consuetudines artis compositorum, acroamatum, et auditorum petit, trans vel intra genera, modos, et aetates historicas. Sensu lato, ea prima musicae parametra vel elementa vehementius dicit et explicat: rhythmum, harmoniam (functionem harmonicam), melodiam, structuram, formam, texturam, etc. Theoria musica ergo ullam sententiam, opinionem, vel notio musicae comprehendit.^[3] Qui eas proprietates cognoscat theorista musicae appellatur. Aliqui acousticam, physiologiam humanam, et psychologiam adhibuerunt ad rationes et causas explicandas quibus musica percipiatur.

Augustinus musicam ipsam sic definivit: "Musica est scientia bene modulandi."^[4] Saeculis antiquis, musica modulatione quae nostro tempore appellatur melodia praecipue consistebat, et rhythmus modulationis e rhythmo verborum veniebat. Ab Aevo Renatarum Artium et per saecula usque ad tempus nostrum, bonae modulationes debent habere easdem has res: motum plerumque gradualem, directionen melodiae post magna intervalla versam, et summum punctum prope mediam phrasin melodicam.^[5]

Verbis Hucbaldi, "Harmonia est diversarum vocum apta coadunatio."^[6] Papias, Marchettus, et Isidorus^[7] similia scripserunt, hanc rem appellantes ita symphoniam.

Harmonia est sonus qui venit cum plus quam una vox concinitur. Rameau, natus anno 1683, scripsit de theoria harmoniae, modos quibus alii compositores musicam scribere viderentur describens. Rameau refert progressionem harmoniae de tono fundamentali pendere.

Rhythmus est vocabulum quod indicat partem temporalem musicae. Antiquitate Classica, rhythmus carminis cantati fere semper versuum numeros sequebatur, et item Medio Aevo rhythmus naturalis verborum canendorum partem rhythmicam cantus melodiae adfecit, et fuit ratio principalis ad rhythmum versuum faciendum. Sed inter figurationes primas, nihil ostendit rhythmum cantuum, ergo adhuc discendus erat auscultando. Modi ad rhythmum legendum creati sunt et per saecula multo mutaverunt. Signis additis, figuratio minutatim plura de tempore ferre coepit, et notulis recte scriptis musici potuerunt discere cantus novos. Ut hoc facerent, multa elementa rhythmica inclusa sunt figuratione, exempli gratia, metrum, ictus, et spatium per quod voces tenendae essent.

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