gre真题（1）

OG-1

Passage 20

Sparva, unlike Treland’s other provinces, requires automobile insurers to pay for any medical treatment sought by someone who has been involved in an accident; in the other provinces, insurers pay for nonemergency treatment only if they preapprove the Clearly, Sparva’s less restrictive policy must be the explanation for the fact that altogether insurers there pay for far more treatments after accidents than insurers in other provinces, even though Sparva does not have the largest

Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?

Car insurance costs more in Sparva than in any other

The cost of medical care in Sparva is higher than the national

Different insurance companies have different standards for determining what constitutes emergency

Fewer insurance companies operate in Sparva than in any other

There are fewer traffic accidents annually in Sparva than in any of the provinces of comparable or greater

gre真题（2）

OG-1

Passage 23

Saturn’s giant moon Titan is the only planetary satellite with a significant atmosphere and the only body in the solar system other than Earth that has a thick atmosphere dominated by molecular For a long time, the big question about Titan’s atmosphere was how it could be so thick, given that Jupiter’s moons Ganymede and Callisto, which are the same size as Titan, have The conditions for acquiring and retaining a thick nitrogen atmosphere are now readily The low temperature of the protosaturnian nebula enabled Titan to acquire the moderately volatile compounds methane and ammonia (later converted to nitrogen) in addition to The higher temperatures of Jupiter’s moons, which were closer to the Sun, prevented them from acquiring such an

According to the passage, Titan differs atmospherically from Ganymede and Callisto because of a difference in

rate of heat loss

proximity to the Sun

availability of methane and ammonia

distance from its planet

size

gre真题（3）

OG-1

Passage 21

Elements of the Philosophy of Newton, published by Voltaire in 1738, was an early attempt to popularize the scientific ideas of Isaac In the book’s frontispiece, Voltaire is seen writing at his desk, and over him a shaft of light from heaven, the light of truth, passes through Newton to Voltaire’s collaborator Madame du Ch?telet; she reflects that light onto the inspired Voltaire’s book commanded a wide audience, according to Feingold, because “he was neither a mathematician nor a physicist, but a literary giant aloof from the academic disputes over Newtonian ” In other words, Voltaire’s amateurism in science “was a source of his contemporary appeal, demonstrating for the first time the accessibility of Newton’s ideas to ”

For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that

Which of the following statements about Voltaire’s Elements of the Philosophy of Newton can be inferred from the passage?

Voltaire’s literary stature helped secure a large audience for this attempt to popularize Newton’s

Voltaire’s status as a nonscientist was an advantage in this effort to bring Newtonian science to the attention of the general

The frontispiece of the book implies that Voltaire’s understanding of Newton’s ideas was not achieved without

Select the sentence that describes an allegory for Voltaire’s acquisition of knowledge concerning Newton’s

gre真题（4）

OG-1

Passage 13

Many critics of Emily Bront?’s novel Wuthering Heights see its second part as a counter point that comments on, if it does not reverse, the first part, where a romantic reading receives more Seeing the two parts as a whole is encouraged by the novel’s sophisticated structure, revealed in its complex use of narrators and time

Granted that the presence of these elements need not argue for an authorial awareness of novelistic construction comparable to that of Henry James, their presence does encourage attempts to unify the novel’s heterogeneous However, any interpretation that seeks to unify all of the novel’s diverse elements is bound to be somewhat This is not because such an interpretation necessarily stiffens into a thesis (although rigidity in any interpretation of this or of any novel is always a danger), but because Wuthering Heights has recalcitrant elements of undeniable power that, ultimately, resist inclusion in an all-encompassing In this respect, Wuthering Heights shares a feature of

According to the passage, which of the following is a true statement about the first and second parts of Wuthering Heights?

The second part has received more attention from

The second part has little relation to the first

The second part annuls the force of the first

The second part provides less substantiation for a romantic

The second part is better because it is more

Which of the following inferences about Henry James’s awareness of novelistic construction is best supported by the passage?

James, more than any other novelist, was aware of the difficulties of novelistic

James was very aware of the details of novelistic

James’s awareness of novelistic construction derived from his reading of

James’s awareness of novelistic construction has led most commentators to see unity in his individual

James’s awareness of novelistic construction precluded him from violating the unity of his

The author of the passage would be most likely to agree that an interpretation of a novel should

not try to unite heterogeneous elements in the novel

not be inflexible in its treatment of the elements in the novel

not argue that the complex use of narrators or of time shifts indicates a sophisticated structure

concentrate on those recalcitrant elements of the novel that are outside the novel’s main structure

primarily consider those elements of novelistic construction of which the author of the novel was aware

For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that

The author of the passage suggests which of the following about Hamlet?

Hamlet has usually attracted critical interpretations that tend to stiffen into

Hamlet has elements that are not amenable to an all-encompassing critical

Hamlet is less open to an all-encompassing critical interpretation than is Wuthering

gre真题（5）

第一，注册NEEA ID号

需登录教育部考试中心gre报名网站, 点击“注册新用户”即可注册。

第二，支付gre考试费用

在获取gre考试的NEEA后，考生可登陆gre考试报名网站，报名前首先要给账户充值，登陆后点击“账户充值”按钮。

第三，选择考场和考试时间

当“我的主页”显示的帐户余额已够支付gre服务项目时，点击 “注册考试”，选择考场和考试时间之后，即可注册一场新考试。

第四，填写背景调查答案

gre真题（6）

OG-1

Passage 6

I enjoyed A Dream of Light & Shadow: Portraits of Latin American Women Writers for the same reasons that, as a child, I avidly consumed women’s biographies: the fascination with how the biographical details of another female’s life are represented and

A Dream offers a rich read, varied in both the lives and texts of the women portrayed, and the perspectives and styles of the sixteen Yet, as an adult, I have come to demand of any really “great” book a self-consciousness about the tenuous nature of representations of reality, a critical contextualization of florid detail, and a self-awareness of the role of ideology in our In these critical senses, A Dream is

For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that

The author of the passage suggests that A Dream falls short in which of the following respects?

It does not appear to recognize that representations of reality can be

It seems to focus on stylistic variety at the expense of accuracy of

It offers a wealth of detail without sufficient critical examination of that

Which of the following best describes the function of the second sentence (“A Dream . . . essayists”) in the context of the passage as a whole?

To give examples of how A Dream presents fascinating portraits that display awareness of the tenuous nature of representations of reality

To elaborate on how A Dream fulfills the author’s childhood criteria for a pleasurable book

To suggest that the author enjoyed A Dream for reasons more sophisticated than the reasons she enjoyed certain books as a child

To illustrate ways in which the author finds A Dream to be inadequate in certain critical senses

To imply that A Dream is too varied in focus to provide a proper contextualization of the biographical details it offers

gre真题（7）

一、GRE是个什么样的考试?

GRE，中文名称为美国研究生入学考试，适用于除法律(需参加LSAT考试)与部分商业(需参加GMAT考试)外的各专业，由美国教育考试服务处(简称ETS)主办。

GRE是世界各地的大学各类研究生院要求申请者所必须具备的一个考试成绩，也是教授对申请者是否授予奖学金所依据的重要的标准。

GRE考试作为研究生入学考试，考察的重点是学生的学术能力和潜质。考试题目分为文本推理(verbal)、数量推理(quantitative) 和分析性写作(analytical writing)三部分，无口语、听力内容。 GRE考试考察的重点是学术潜力而非英语水平，这点与SAT考试较为相似，但GRE考试的难度和逻辑复杂程度要远超过SAT的水平。

二、一流名校要求GRE多少分?

GRE考试分数主要分为三个部分，语文和数学部分满分为170分，最小分值差为1分，作文部分满分为6分，最小分值差为分。所以GRE考试的理论满分应该是170+170+6。由于作文一般不计入总分，所以满分为340分。

首先要明确，320分及以下的分数对于申请的帮助几乎为零。中国考生数学逼近满分170分，因此语文只需要150分即可满足总分320分的要求 。

但语文150分只是全球倒数48%的水平。建议在数学满分的同时，语文考到155分，即全球前30%左右， 这样对于申请才是有帮助作用的。要想申请TOP20学校的话，要求自然会更高，最好拿到总分330分才算一个比较有竞争力的分数。而对于偏文科的专业，还比较看重作文分数，6分的满分里最好能拿到4分。

三、GRE什么时候学习最好?如何规划?

四个字：尽早准备!

除了很少一部分同学在大三结束时才开始计划留学，大多数有留学意向的同学，在大一大二就会为留学做准备，刷GPA、考GRE。

但根据以往参加GRE考试的考生情况，很多同学选择在大三参加GRE考试。其实整个大三同学们可能都是忙到飞起的状态，不仅要在专业课上下功夫保住GPA，还要为了提升申请背景做一些科研或者实习工作。这个时候累得自己身心疲惫，考出的GRE成绩有时也不是自己的最佳水平。

相较大三集中的专业课，大一大二的课程较为轻松，考生有更充裕的时间复习备考GRE，充分准备考试有利于考出高分。

GRE成绩的有效期是五年，即便是大一上学期的GRE成绩，在大四申请学校时仍可使用。如果等到大三下学期才匆忙准备GRE考试，没有考出理想的成绩，可能会与心仪的院校擦肩而过。

四、GRE是否有考试次数的限制?

从20XX年7月1日起，GRE考生两场考试之间须间隔20天，即距上次考试21天就可重新参加新GRE考试，并且在任意连续的12个月期间最多只能报考5场考试。因此考生在选择GRE考试时间时还是应该谨慎。

5次考试虽然看上去不少，但想要刷出一个理想成绩，还是需要考生多多总结自己的问题并根据考试结果加强复习才能达成的。

因此，大家在选择再次参加考试前，首先要确保自己之前犯下的错误已经得到了改正，否则即使考再多次也只是在浪费时间和精力。

五、我英语好，可以自学吗?

GRE考试是“用英语考的考试”，而非“考英语的考试”，英语水平与GRE考试成绩之间并没有直接的联系。

自学GRE考试难以掌握GRE的考察重点，无法在考试中展现出真正的学术潜质。同时，网上有各种纷杂但几乎无效的资料及课程，会严重影响备考的效率。

因为涉及版权问题，所有出版的资料都是模拟题或者老题，几乎没有参考价值;而网课的师资、课时都难以保证，无法提供线下班的备考体验。

gre真题（8）

OG-1

Passage 3

Was Felix Mendelssohn (1809–1847) a great composer? On its face, the question seems One of the most gifted prodigies in the history of music, he produced his first masterpiece at From then on, he was recognized as an artist of preternatural abilities, not only as a composer but also as a pianist and But Mendelssohn’s enduring popularity has often been at odds — sometimes quite sharply — with his critical Despite general acknowledgment of his genius, there has been a noticeable reluctance to rank him with, say, Schumann or As Haggin put it, Mendelssohn, as a composer, was a “minor master…working on a small scale of emotion and ”

Select a sentence in the passage whose function is to indicate the range of Mendelssohn’s musical

The passage suggests that anyone attempting to evaluate Mendelssohn’s career must confront which of the following dichotomies?

The tension between Mendelssohn’s career as a composer and his career as a pianist and conductor

The contrast between Mendelssohn’s popularity and that of Schumann and Brahms

The discrepancy between Mendelssohn’s popularity and his standing among critics

The inconsistency between Mendelssohn’s reputation during his lifetime and his reputation since his death

The gap between Mendelssohn’s prodigious musical beginnings and his decline in later

The author mentions Schumann and Brahms primarily in order to

provide examples of composers who are often compared with Mendelssohn

identify certain composers who are more popular than Mendelssohn

identify composers whom Mendelssohn influenced

establish the milieu in which Mendelssohn worked

establish a standard of comparison for Mendelssohn as a composer

gre真题（9）

OG-1

Passage 5

Since the Hawaiian Islands have never been connected to other land masses, the great variety of plants in Hawaii must be a result of the long-distance dispersal of seeds, a process that requires both a method of transport and an equivalence between the ecology of the source area and that of the recipient

There is some dispute about the method of transport Some biologists argue that ocean and air currents are responsible for the transport of plant seeds to Yet the results of flotation experiments and the low temperatures of air currents cast doubt on these More probable is bird transport, either externally, by accidental attachment of the seeds to feathers, or internally, by the swallowing of fruit and subsequent excretion of the While it is likely that fewer varieties of plant seeds have reached Hawaii externally than internally, more varieties are known to be adapted to external than to internal

The author of the passage is primarily concerned with

discussing different approaches biologists have taken to testing theories about the distribution of plants in Hawaii

discussing different theories about the transport of plant seeds to Hawaii

discussing the extent to which air currents are responsible for the dispersal of plant seeds to Hawaii

resolving a dispute about the adaptability of plant seeds to bird transport

resolving a dispute about the ability of birds to carry plant seeds long distances

The author mentions the results of flotation experiments on plant seeds (lines 7–8) most probably in order to

support the claim that the distribution of plants in Hawaii is the result of the long-distance dispersal of seeds

lend credibility to the thesis that air currents provide a method of transport for plant seeds to Hawaii

suggest that the long-distance dispersal of seeds is a process that requires long periods of time

challenge the claim that ocean currents are responsible for the transport of plant seeds to Hawaii

refute the claim that Hawaiian flora evolved independently from flora in other parts of the world

gre真题（10）

Question:

If the difference between two numbers is 4, then which of the following would be sufficient to determine the value of each of the numbers? Indicate all such

(A) The sum of the numbers is

(B) The difference between the squares of the number is

(C) The square of the difference between the numbers is

(D) The sum of the squares of the numbers is greater than

(E) Twice the greater number is

(F) The smaller of the two numbers is less than

(G) The product of the two numbers is 0, and neither of the numbers is

详解：这是一道不定项选择题。对于不定项选择，其答案的数量可能是从1到全部选项的任何一种可能，多选或者少选都不能得分。大部分多选都是以不等式或者选项范围的方式考查，而这道题是想让大家进行反向推理：已知两个数的差为4，以下哪个选项内容可以用于推出每个数的值?我们知道如果有两个未知数，那么想要得到其解，必须有两个非等价方程进行联立方可。根据这一性质，可以逐一观察各个选项，通过分解简化可知A,B,E,G四个选项可以与原题目联立，得到一定解。

自编函数题目是GRE数学中非常容易出现的一种题。这种题在题干中会给出某种概念或者定义或者函数关系，以某一个特殊的词汇或者特别的符号来指代，让考试根据所给的关系或规律对选项进行推断。所以在这种题中碰到不认识的词汇或者符号大可不必恐慌，只需要将文字关系转化为熟悉的代数关系即可。下面这道题就可以来练练手。

Question:

Let the “par” of a rectangle be defined as one half the area of that

Quantity A: the par of a rectangle with a perimeter of 24 and a width of 2

Quantity B: 11

详解：在本题中，矩形的“par”指的是矩形面积的一半。那么根据A栏中所给矩形的性质可以计算出其“par”等于10，小于B栏的11。

新GRE数学有难度加大的趋势，所以大家的备考还是按部就班的来，切莫投机取巧，祝大家取得好的成绩。

TIPS：做数学题经常“答非所问”怎么办?

对于出现“答非所问”的同学，请务必坚持把问题，也就是带问号的最后一句话给读两遍。第一遍认真读，第二遍double check，确保自己正确理解问题再动笔。对于一些症状更加严重的同学，不妨将问题也简单记在草稿纸上，解题时随时都能看得到问题，思路就不会跑偏。可能有些同学会担心读两遍问题，包括读题时记笔记这些方法会耽误自己的做题时间。对于这一点大家要明白“磨刀不误砍柴工”这个道理，首先double check和记笔记的时间会随着不断的坚持训练而逐步缩短，最后甚至可以忽略不计。其次，读两遍问题所消耗的时间仅仅是其可能帮你节省的时间的几十分之一，因为如果读错问题，浪费的时间很可能不止1分钟，与其这样还不如花多几秒钟double check;同样的道理，记笔记所消耗的时间也远远小于回读和反复读所浪费的时间。

gre真题（11）

OG-1

Passage 12

For hot desert locations with access to seawater, a new greenhouse design generates freshwater and cool Oriented to the prevailing wind, the front wall of perforated cardboard, moistened and cooled by a trickle of seawater pumped in, cools and moistens hot air blowing This cool, humidified air accelerates plant growth; little water evaporates from Though greenhouses normally capture the heat of sunlight, a double-layered roof, the inner layer coated to reflect infrared light outward, allows visible sunlight in but traps solar heat between the two This heated air, drawn down from the roof, then mixes with the greenhouse air as it reaches a second sea-water-moistened cardboard wall at the back of the There the air absorbs more moisture, which then condenses on a metal wall cooled by seawater, and thus distilled water for irrigating the plants

For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that

It can be inferred that the process described in the passage makes use of which of the following?

The tendency of hot air to rise

The directional movement of wind

The temperature differential between the sea and the desert

For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that

It can be inferred that the greenhouse roof is designed to allow for which of the following?

The avoidance of intense solar heat inside the greenhouse

The entry of sunlight into the greenhouse to make the plants grow

The mixture of heated air with greenhouse air to enhance the collection of moisture

gre真题（12）

OG-1

Passage 5

Since the Hawaiian Islands have never been connected to other land masses, the great variety of plants in Hawaii must be a result of the long-distance dispersal of seeds, a process that requires both a method of transport and an equivalence between the ecology of the source area and that of the recipient

There is some dispute about the method of transport Some biologists argue that ocean and air currents are responsible for the transport of plant seeds to Yet the results of flotation experiments and the low temperatures of air currents cast doubt on these More probable is bird transport, either externally, by accidental attachment of the seeds to feathers, or internally, by the swallowing of fruit and subsequent excretion of the While it is likely that fewer varieties of plant seeds have reached Hawaii externally than internally, more varieties are known to be adapted to external than to internal

The author of the passage is primarily concerned with

discussing different approaches biologists have taken to testing theories about the distribution of plants in Hawaii

discussing different theories about the transport of plant seeds to Hawaii

discussing the extent to which air currents are responsible for the dispersal of plant seeds to Hawaii

resolving a dispute about the adaptability of plant seeds to bird transport

resolving a dispute about the ability of birds to carry plant seeds long distances

The author mentions the results of flotation experiments on plant seeds (lines 7–8) most probably in order to

support the claim that the distribution of plants in Hawaii is the result of the long-distance dispersal of seeds

lend credibility to the thesis that air currents provide a method of transport for plant seeds to Hawaii

suggest that the long-distance dispersal of seeds is a process that requires long periods of time

challenge the claim that ocean currents are responsible for the transport of plant seeds to Hawaii

refute the claim that Hawaiian flora evolved independently from flora in other parts of the world

gre真题（13）

OG-1

Passage 6

I enjoyed A Dream of Light & Shadow: Portraits of Latin American Women Writers for the same reasons that, as a child, I avidly consumed women’s biographies: the fascination with how the biographical details of another female’s life are represented and

A Dream offers a rich read, varied in both the lives and texts of the women portrayed, and the perspectives and styles of the sixteen Yet, as an adult, I have come to demand of any really “great” book a self-consciousness about the tenuous nature of representations of reality, a critical contextualization of florid detail, and a self-awareness of the role of ideology in our In these critical senses, A Dream is

For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that

The author of the passage suggests that A Dream falls short in which of the following respects?

It does not appear to recognize that representations of reality can be

It seems to focus on stylistic variety at the expense of accuracy of

It offers a wealth of detail without sufficient critical examination of that

Which of the following best describes the function of the second sentence (“A Dream . . . essayists”) in the context of the passage as a whole?

To give examples of how A Dream presents fascinating portraits that display awareness of the tenuous nature of representations of reality

To elaborate on how A Dream fulfills the author’s childhood criteria for a pleasurable book

To suggest that the author enjoyed A Dream for reasons more sophisticated than the reasons she enjoyed certain books as a child

To illustrate ways in which the author finds A Dream to be inadequate in certain critical senses

To imply that A Dream is too varied in focus to provide a proper contextualization of the biographical details it offers

gre真题（14）

OG-1

Passage 8

Tocqueville, apparently, was Jacksonian America was not a fluid, egalitarian society where individual wealth and poverty were ephemeral At least so argues Pessen in his iconoclastic study of the very rich in the United States between 1825 and

Pessen does present a quantity of examples, together with some refreshingly intelligible statistics, to establish the existence of an inordinately wealthy Though active in commerce or the professions, most of the wealthy were not self-made but had inherited family In no sense mercurial, these great fortunes survived the financial panics that destroyed lesser Indeed, in several cities the wealthiest one percent constantly increased its share until by 1850 it owned half of the community’s Although these observations are true, Pessen overestimates their importance by concluding from them that the undoubted progress toward inequality in the late eighteenth century continued in the Jacksonian period and that the United States was a class-ridden, plutocratic society even before

According to the passage, Pessen indicates that all of the following were true of the very wealthy in the United States between 1825 and 1850 EXCEPT:

They formed a distinct upper

Many of them were able to increase their

Some of them worked as professionals or in

Most of them accumulated their own

Many of them retained their wealth in spite of financial

Which of the following best states the author’s main point?

Pessen’s study has overturned the previously established view of the social and economic structure of early-nineteenth-century

Tocqueville’s analysis of the United States in the Jacksonian era remains the definitive account of this

Pessen’s study is valuable primarily because it shows the continuity of the social system in the United States throughout the nineteenth

The social patterns and political power of the extremely wealthy in the

United States between 1825 and 1850 are well

Pessen challenges a view of the social and economic systems in the United

States from 1825 to 1850, but he draws conclusions that are

gre真题（15）

OG-1

Passage 11

A ten-year comparison between the United States and the Soviet Union in terms of crop yields per acre revealed that when only planted acreage is compared, Soviet yields were equal to 68 percent of United States When total agricultural acreage (planted acreage plus fallow acreage) is compared, however, Soviet yield was 114 percent of United States

From the information above, which of the following can be most reliably inferred about United States and Soviet agriculture during the ten-year period?

A higher percentage of total agricultural acreage was fallow in the United States than in the Soviet

The United States had more fallow acreage than planted

Fewer total acres of available agricultural land were fallow in the Soviet Union than in the United

The Soviet Union had more planted acreage than fallow

The Soviet Union produced a greater volume of crops than the United

States

gre真题（16）

OG-1

Passage 15

At a certain period in Earth’s history, its atmosphere contained almost no oxygen, although plants were producing vast quantities of As a way of reconciling these two facts, scientists have hypothesized that nearly all of the oxygen being produced was taken up by iron on Earth’s Clearly, however, this explanation is New studies show that the amount of iron on Earth’s surface was not sufficient to absorb anywhere near as much oxygen as was being Therefore, something in addition to the iron on Earth’s surface must have absorbed much of the oxygen produced by plant

In the argument given, the two portions in boldface play which of the following roles?

The first is a claim made by the argument in support of a certain position; the second is that

The first is a judgment made by the argument about a certain explanation; the second is that

The first expresses the argument’s dismissal of an objection to the position it seeks to establish; the second is that

The first sums up the argument’s position with regard to a certain hypothesis; the second provides grounds for that

The first is a concession by the argument that its initial formulation of the position it seeks to establish requires modification; the second presents that position in a modified

gre真题（17）

OG-1

Passage 16

Animal signals, such as the complex songs of birds, tend to be A bird, by singing, may forfeit time that could otherwise be spent on other important behaviors such as foraging or Singing may also advertise an individual’s location to rivals or predators and impair the ability to detect their Although these types of cost may be important, discussions of the cost of singing have generally focused on energy Overall the evidence is equivocal: for instance, while Eberhardt found increases in energy consumption during singing for Carolina wrens, Chappell found no effect of crowing on energy consumption in

To obtain empirical data regarding the energy costs of singing, Thomas examined the relationship between song rate and overnight changes in body mass of male Birds store energy as subcutaneous fat deposits or “body reserves”; changes in these reserves can be reliably estimated by measuring changes in body If singing has important energy costs, nightingales should lose more body mass on nights when their song rate is Thomas found that nightingales reached a significantly higher body mass at dusk and lost more mass overnight on nights when their song rate was

These results suggest that there may be several costs of singing at night associated with body The increased metabolic cost of possessing higher body mass contributes to the increased overnight mass The strategic regulation of evening body reserves is also likely to incur additional costs, as nightingales must spend more time foraging in order to build up larger body The metabolic cost of singing itself may also contribute to increased loss of This metabolic cost may arise from the muscular and neural activity involved in singing or from behaviors associated with For example, birds may expend more of their reserves on thermoregulation if they spend the night exposed to the wind on a song post than if they are in a sheltered roost Thomas’s data therefore show that whether or not singing per se has an important metabolic cost, metabolic costs associated with singing can have an important measurable effect on a bird’s daily energy budget, at least in birds with high song rates such as

The primary purpose of the passage is to

compare the different types of cost involved for certain birds in singing

question a hypothesis regarding the energy costs of singing for certain birds

present evidence suggesting that singing has an important energy cost for certain birds

discuss the benefits provided to an organism by a behavior that is costly in energy

describe an experiment that supports an alternative model of how birdsong functions

For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that

The passage implies that during the day before a night on which a male nightingale’s song rate is high, that nightingale probably does which of the following?

Expends less of its reserves on thermoregulation than on other days

Stores more energy as body reserves than on other days

Hides to avoid predators

Select the sentence in the first or second paragraph that presents empirical results in support of a hypothesis about the energy costs of

For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that

It can be inferred from the passage that compared with other costs of singing, which of the following is true of the energy costs of singing?

They are the single greatest cost to an individual

They have generally received more attention from

They vary less from one bird species to

gre真题（18）

OG-1

Passage 24

Observations of the Arctic reveal that the Arctic Ocean is covered by less ice each summer than the previous If this warming trend continues, within 50 years the Arctic Ocean will be ice free during the summer This occurrence would in itself have little or no effect on global sea levels, since the melting of ice floating in water does not affect the water However, serious consequences to sea levels would eventually result, because

Which of the following most logically completes the passage?

large masses of floating sea ice would continue to form in the wintertime

significant changes in Arctic sea temperatures would be accompanied by changes in sea temperatures in more temperate parts of the world

such a warm Arctic Ocean would trigger the melting of massive landbased glaciers in the Arctic

an ice-free Arctic Ocean would support a very different ecosystem than it does presently

in the spring, melting sea ice would cause more icebergs to be created and to drift south into shipping routes

gre真题（19）

OG-1

Passage 25

In a recent study, David Cressy examines two central questions concerning English immigration to New England in the 1630s: what kinds of people immigrated and why? Using contemporary literary evidence, shipping lists, and customs records, Cressy finds that most adult immigrants were skilled in farming or crafts, were literate, and were organized in Each of these characteristics sharply distinguishes the 21,000 people who left for New England in the 1630s from most of the approximately 377,000 English people who had immigrated to America by

With respect to their reasons for immigrating, Cressy does not deny the frequently noted fact that some of the immigrants of the 1630s, most notably the organizers and clergy, advanced religious explanations for departure, but he finds that such explanations usually assumed primacy only in When he moves beyond the principal actors, he finds that religious explanations were less frequently offered, and he concludes that most people immigrated because they were recruited by promises of material

For the following question, consider each of the choices separately and select all that

The passage indicates that Cressy would agree with which of the following statements about the organizers among the English immigrants to New England in the 1630s?

Some of them offered a religious explanation for their

They did not offer any reasons for their immigration until some time after they had

They were more likely than the average immigrant to be motivated by material

Select the sentence that provides Cressy’s opinion about what motivated English immigrants to go to New England in the

“When … ”

In the passage, the author is primarily concerned with

A

summarizing the findings of an investigation

analyzing a method of argument

evaluating a point of view

hypothesizing about a set of circumstances

establishing categories

gre真题（20）

一个误区

首先需要指出一个备考误区，那就是不少同学喜欢刷“民间”的刷题材料。市面上广为流传的“_X多少套”“_X阅读/填空”，凡是前面带有人名的，那都是各个教育机构的GRE大神出版的题目。不能否认，他们作为资深GRE教学者，这些题目是有一定参考性的，在备考时间充足的情况下，练一练是无妨的。

但是，针对备考时间特别紧张的同学来说，这些都不是主要的练习材料，最好的刷题材料是GRE真题!

为什么要做GRE真题

GRE考试是一个自适应考试，背后有一个巨大的题库。虽然每次考试的题目大部分大家之前都没见过，但是会有一小部分的题目是重复以前的考题。而网上各种GRE真题的总结，就是以前反复出现过的考题。所以，这就是一个毫无悬念的选择了：以前考过并且之后还有可能考的题目(GRE真题)，和民间GRE高手编的题目(_X多少套)，你选哪一个来做?当然是后者!

不仅如此，另一个值得选择GRE真题的理由是，民间高手编的教材，无论如何不能跟官方出的题目相比。虽然很多书采用的也是以前的真题，但是年代比较久远，甚至有的是用老GRE的题目改的。每个人都有自己对GRE题目的理解，理解得越到位，编的题目也许越像官方的题目，但是归根到底，总会有些误差的。很多同学反映，一些“_X多少套”，比考试简单，而一个很流行的模考软件magoosh，比真实考试难。而最“像”考试题目的，只有考试出现过的题目本身，也就是GRE真题。

哪里可以找到GRE真题

很简单，网上很多整理的文档，随便一搜都能搜到。但是在文档里做题不方便，更好的做真题的途径是上在线题库来做。我们是一个集真题、模考、机经于一身的免费在线备考网站，可以在上面找到大量填空和阅读的真题。

这个网站做题的优势在于，第一，真题会按考点或题型来分类，填空分了单空、双空、三空和六选二，阅读分了不同学科的文章类型，同学们可以按照自己的薄弱点来针对性地做题。第二，做完的题目可以在做题记录里面找到，做错的题目也可以导出来，方便你分析和总结错题。第三，除了真题练习以外，还可以进行模考、测评，全方位帮助你的备考。

所以，想过年前考出GRE的同学，抓紧最后这一个月的机会，把GRE真题吃透。祝同学们都能够考出好分数。