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Draftsman is a Ruby gem that lets you create draft versions of your database records. If you're developing a system in need of simple drafts or a publishing approval queue, then Draftsman just might be what you need.

• The largest risk at this time is functionality that assists with publishing or reverting dependencies through associations (for example, "publishing" a child also publishes its parent if it's a new item). We'll be putting this functionality through its paces in the coming months.
• The RSpec tests are lacking in some areas, so I will be adding to those over time as well. (Unfortunately, this gem was not developed with TDD best practices because it was lifted from PaperTrail and modified from there.)

This gem is inspired by the Kentouzu gem, which is based heavily on PaperTrail. In fact, much of the structure for this gem emulates PaperTrail (because it works beautifully). You should definitely check out PaperTrail and its source: it's a nice clean example of a gem that hooks into Rails and Sinatra.

• Provides API for storing drafts of creations, updates, and destroys.
• A max of one draft per record (via belongs_to association).
• Does not store drafts for updates that don't change anything.
• Allows you to specify attributes (by inclusion or exclusion) that must change for a draft to be stored.
• Ability to query drafts based on the current drafted item, or query all drafts polymorphically on the drafts table.
• publish! and revert! methods for drafts also handle any dependent drafts so you don't end up with orphaned records.
• Allows you to get at every draft, even if the schema has since changed.
• Automatically records who was responsible via your controller. Draftsman calls current_user by default if it exists, but you can have it call any method you like.
• Allows you to store arbitrary model-level metadata with each draft (useful for filtering).
• Allows you to store arbitrary controller-level information with each draft (e.g., remote IP, current account ID).
• Only saves drafts when you explicitly tell it to via instance methods like save_draft and draft_destruction.
• Stores everything in a single database table by default (generates migration for you), or you can use separate tables for separate models.
• Supports custom draft classes so different models' drafts can have different behavior.
• Supports custom name for draft association.
• Supports before, after, and around callbacks on each draft persistence method, such as before_save_draft or around_draft_destruction.
• Threadsafe.

Compatible with ActiveRecord 4 and 5.

Works well with Rails, Sinatra, or any other application that depends on ActiveRecord.

Add Draftsman to your Gemfile.

gem 'draftsman', '~> 0.7.1'

Or if you want to grab the latest from master:

gem 'draftsman', github: 'jmfederico/draftsman'

Generate a migration which will add a drafts table to your database.

$ rails g draftsman:install

You can pass zero or any combination of these options to the generator:

$ rails g draftsman:install --skip-initializer  # Skip generation of the boilerplate initializer at
                                                # `config/initializers/draftsman.rb`.

$ rails g draftsman:install --with-changes      # Store changeset (diff) with each draft.

$ rails g draftsman:install --with-pg-json      # Use PostgreSQL JSON data type for serialized data.

Run the migration(s).

$ rake db:migrate

Add draft_id, published_at, and trashed_at attributes to the models you want to have drafts on. trashed_at is optional if you don't want to store drafts for destroys.

$ rails g migration add_drafts_to_widgets draft_id:integer published_at:timestamp trashed_at:timestamp
$ rake db:migrate

Add has_drafts to the models you want to have drafts on.

Lastly, if your controllers have a current_user method, you can easily track who is responsible for changes by adding a controller filter.

class ApplicationController
  before_action :set_draftsman_whodunnit
end

In order to configure Draftsman for usage with Sinatra, your Sinatra app must be using ActiveRecord 4 or greater. It is also recommended to use the Sinatra ActiveRecord Extension or something similar for managing your application's ActiveRecord connection in a manner similar to the way Rails does. If using the aforementioned Sinatra ActiveRecord Extension, steps for setting up your app with Draftsman will look something like this:

Add Draftsman to your Gemfile.

gem 'draftsman', github: 'jmfederico/draftsman'

Generate a migration to add a drafts table to your database.

$ rake db:create_migration NAME=create_drafts

Copy contents of create_drafts.rb into the create_drafts migration that was generated into your db/migrate directory.

Run the migration(s).

$ rake db:migrate

Add draft_id, published_at, and trashed_at attributes to the models you want to have drafts on. (trashed_at is optional if you don't want to store drafts for destroys.)

Add has_drafts to the models you want to have drafts on.

Draftsman provides a helper extension that acts similarly to the controller mixin it provides for Rails applications.

It will set Draftsman::Draft#whodunnit to whatever is returned by a method named user_for_draftsman, which you can define inside your Sinatra application. (By default, it attempts to invoke a method named current_user.)

If you're using the modular Sinatra::Base style of application, you will need to register the extension:

# my_app.rb
require 'sinatra/base'

class MyApp < Sinatra::Base
  register Draftsman::Sinatra
end

To get started, add a call to has_drafts to your model. has_drafts accepts the following options:

The name of a custom Draft class. This class should inherit from Draftsman::Draft. A global default can be set for this using Draftsman.draft_class_name= if the default of Draftsman::Draft needs to be overridden.

An array of attributes for which an update to a Draft will not be stored if they are the only ones changed.

Inverse of ignore - a new Draft will be created only for these attributes if supplied. It's recommended that you only specify optional attributes for this (that can be empty).

Fields to ignore completely. As with ignore, updates to these fields will not create a new Draft. In addition, these fields will not be included in the serialized versions of the object whenever a new Draft is created.

A hash of extra data to store. You must add a column to the drafts table for each key. Values are objects or procs (which are called with self, i.e. the model with the has_drafts). See Draftsman::Controller.info_for_draftsman for an example of how to store data from the controller.

The name to use for the draft association shortcut method. Default is :draft.

The name to use for the method which returns the published timestamp. Default is published_at.

The name to use for the method which returns the soft delete timestamp. Default is trashed_at.

The hash of options that will be passed to #save when publishing the draft. Default is { validate: false }

When you install the Draftsman gem, you get these methods on each model class:

# Returns whether or not `has_draft` has been called on the model.
Widget.draftable?

# Returns whether or not a `trashed_at` timestamp is set up on this model.
Widget.trashable?

When you call has_drafts in your model, you get the following methods. See the "Basic Usage" section below for more context on where these methods fit into your data's lifecycle.

# Returns this widget's draft. You can customize the name of this association.
widget.draft

# Returns whether or not this widget has a draft.
widget.draft?

# Saves record and records a draft for the object's creation or update. Much
# like `ActiveRecord`'s `#save`, returns `true` or `false` depending on whether
# or not the objects passed validation and the save was successful.
widget.save_draft

# Trashes object and records a draft for a `destroy` event. (The `trashed_at`
# attribute must be set up on your model for this to work.)
widget.draft_destruction

# Returns whether or not this item has been published at any point in its
# lifecycle.
widget.published?

# Returns whether or not this item has been trashed via `#draft_destruction`.
widget.trashed?

You also get these scopes added to your model for your querying enjoyment:

Widget.drafted    # Limits to items that have drafts. Best used in an "admin" area in your application.
Widget.published  # Limits to items that have been published at some point in their lifecycles. Best used in a "public" area in your application.
Widget.trashed    # Limits to items that have been drafted for deletion (but not fully committed for deletion). Best used in an "admin" area in your application.
Widget.live       # Limits to items that have not been drafted for deletion. Best used in an "admin" area in your application.

These scopes optionally take a referenced_table_name argument for constructing more advanced queries using .includes eager loading or .joins. This reduces ambiguity both for SQL queries and for your Ruby code.

# Query live `widgets` and `gears` without ambiguity.
Widget.live.includes(:gears, :sprockets).live(:gears)

The Draftsman::Draft class has the following scopes:

# Returns all drafts created by the `create` event.
Draftsman::Draft.creates

# Returns all drafts created by the `update` event.
Draftsman::Draft.updates

# Returns all drafts created by the `destroy` event.
Draftsman::Draft.destroys

And a Draftsman::Draft instance has these methods:

# Return the associated item in its state before the draft.
draft.item

# Return the object in its state held by the draft.
draft.reify

# Returns what changed in this draft. Similar to `ActiveModel::Dirty#changes`.
# Returns `nil` if your `drafts` table does not have an `object_changes` text
# column.
draft.changeset

# Returns whether or not this is a `create` event.
draft.create?

# Returns whether or not this is an `update` event.
draft.update?

# Returns whether or not this is a `destroy` event.
draft.destroy?

# Publishes this draft's associated `item`, publishes its `item`'s dependencies,
# and destroys itself.
# -  For `create` drafts, adds a value for the `published_at` timestamp on the
#    item and destroys the draft.
# -  For `update` drafts, applies the drafted changes to the item and destroys
#    the draft.
# -  For `destroy` drafts, destroys the item and the draft.
#
# Params:
# -  A hash of options that get merged with `publish_options` defined in
#    `has_drafts` and passed to `item.save`.
draft.publish!

# Reverts this draft's associated `item` to its previous state, reverts its
# `item`'s dependencies, and destroys itself.
# -  For `create` drafts, destroys the draft and the item.
# -  For `update` drafts, destroys the draft only.
# -  For `destroy` drafts, destroys the draft and undoes the `trashed_at`
#    timestamp on the item. If a draft was drafted for destroy, restores the
#    draft.
draft.revert!

# Returns related draft dependencies that would be along for the ride for a
# `publish!` action.
draft.draft_publication_dependencies

# Returns related draft dependencies that would be along for the ride for a
# `revert!` action.
draft.draft_reversion_dependencies

Draftsman supports callbacks for draft saves and destroys. These callbacks can be defined in any model that has_drafts.

Draft callbacks work similarly to ActiveRecord callbacks; pass any functions that you would like called before/around/after a draft persistence method.

Available callbacks:

before_save_draft         # called before draft is saved
around_save_draft         # called function must yield to `save_draft`
after_draft_save          # called after draft is saved

before_draft_destruction  # called before item is destroyed as a draft
around_draft_destruction  # called function must yield to `draft_destruction`
after_draft_destruction   # called after item is destroyed as a draft

Note that callbacks must be defined after your call to has_drafts.

A basic widgets admin controller in Rails that saves all of the user's actions as drafts would look something like this. It also presents all data in its drafted form, if a draft exists.

class Admin::WidgetsController < Admin::BaseController
  before_action :find_widget,  only: [:show, :edit, :update, :destroy]
  before_action :reify_widget, only: [:show, :edit]

  def index
    # The `live` scope gives us widgets that aren't in the trash.
    # It's also strongly recommended that you eagerly-load the `draft`
    # association via `includes` so you don't keep hitting your database for
    # each draft.
    @widgets = Widget.live.includes(:draft).order(:title)

    # Load drafted versions of each widget.
    @widgets.map! { |widget| widget.draft.reify if widget.draft? }
  end

  def show
  end

  def new
    @widget = Widget.new
  end

  def create
    @widget = Widget.new(widget_params)

    # Instead of calling `save`, you call `save_draft` to save it as a draft.
    if @widget.save_draft
      flash[:success] = 'Draft of widget saved successfully.'
      redirect_to [:admin, @widget]
    else
      flash[:error] = 'There was an error saving the draft.'
      render :new
    end
  end

  def edit
  end

  def update
    @widget.attributes = widget_params

    # Instead of calling `update`, you call `save_draft` to save it as a draft.
    if @widget.save_draft
      flash[:success] = 'Draft of widget saved successfully.'
      redirect_to [:admin, @widget]
    else
      flash[:error] = 'There was an error saving the draft.'
      render :edit
    end
  end

  def destroy
    # Instead of calling `destroy`, you call `draft_destruction` to "trash" it as a draft
    @widget.draft_destruction
    flash[:success] = 'The widget was moved to the trash.'
    redirect_to admin_widgets_path
  end

private

  # Finds non-trashed widget by `params[:id]`.
  def find_widget
    @widget = Widget.live.find(params[:id])
  end

  # If the widget has a draft, load that version of it.
  def reify_widget
    @widget = @widget.draft.reify if @widget.draft?
  end

  # Strong parameters for widget form.
  def widget_params
    params.require(:widget).permit(:title)
  end
end

And "public" controllers (let's say read-only for this simple example) would ignore drafts entirely via the published scope. This also allows items to be "trashed" for admins but still accessible to the public until that deletion is committed.

class WidgetsController < ApplicationController
  def index
    # The `published` scope gives us widgets that have been committed to be
    # viewed by non-admin users.
    @widgets = Widget.published.order(:title)
  end

  def show
    @widget = Widget.published.find(params[:id])
  end
end

Obviously, you can use the scopes that Draftsman provides however you would like in any case.

Lastly, a drafts controller could be provided for admin users to see all drafts, no matter the type of record (thanks to ActiveRecord's polymorphic associations). From there, they could choose to revert or publish any draft listed, or any other workflow action that you would like for your application to provide for drafts.

class Admin::DraftsController < Admin::BaseController
  before_action :find_draft, only: [:show, :update, :destroy]

  def index
    @drafts = Draftsman::Draft.includes(:item).order(updated_at: :desc)
  end

  def show
  end

  # Post draft ID here to publish it
  def update
    # Call `draft_publication_dependencies` to check if any other drafted
    # records should be published along with this `@draft`.
    @dependencies = @draft.draft_publication_dependencies

    # If you would like to warn the user about dependent drafts that would need
    # to be published along with this one, you would implement an
    # `app/views/drafts/update.html.erb` view template. In that view template,
    # you could list the `@dependencies` and show a button posting back to this
    # action with a name of `commit_publication`. (The button's being clicked
    # indicates to your application that the user accepts that the dependencies
    # should be published along with the `@draft`, thus avoiding orphaned
    # records).
    if @dependencies.empty? || params[:commit_publication]
      @draft.publish!
      flash[:success] = 'The draft was published successfully.'
      redirect_to [:admin, :drafts]
    else
      # Renders `app/views/drafts/update.html.erb`
    end
  end

  # Post draft ID here to revert it
  def destroy
    # Call `draft_reversion_dependencies` to check if any other drafted records
    # should be reverted along with this `@draft`.
    @dependencies = @draft.draft_reversion_dependencies

    # If you would like to warn the user about dependent drafts that would need
    # to be reverted along with this one, you would implement an
    # `app/views/drafts/destroy.html.erb` view template. In that view template,
    # you could list the `@dependencies` and show a button posting back to this
    # action with a name of `commit_reversion`. (The button's being clicked
    # indicates to your application that the user accepts that the dependencies
    # should be reverted along with the `@draft`, thus avoiding orphaned
    # records).
    if @dependencies.empty? || params[:commit_reversion]
      @draft.revert!
      flash[:success] = 'The draft was reverted successfully.'
      redirect_to [:admin, :drafts]
    else
      # Renders `app/views/drafts/destroy.html.erb`
    end
  end

private

  # Finds draft by `params[:id]`.
  def find_draft
    @draft = Draftsman::Draft.find(params[:id])
  end
end

If you would like your Widget to have callbacks, it might look something like this:

class Widget < ActiveRecord::Base
  has_drafts

  before_save_draft :say_hi
  around_save_draft :surround_update

private

  def say_hi
    self.some_attr = 'Hi!'
  end

  def surround_update
    if self.persisted?
      # do something before update
      yield
      # do something after update
    else
      yield
    end
  end
end

If you are familiar with the PaperTrail gem, some parts of the Draftsman gem will look very familiar.

However, there are some differences:

• PaperTrail hooks into ActiveRecord callbacks so that versions can be saved automatically with your normal CRUD operations (#save, #create, #update, #destroy, etc.). Draftsman requires that you explicitly call its own CRUD methods in order to save a draft (#save_draft and draft_destruction).

• PaperTrail's Version#object column looks "backward" and records the object's state before the changes occurred. Because drafts record changes as they will look in the future, they must work differently. Draftsman's Draft#object records the object's state after changes are applied to the master object. But destroy drafts record the object as it was before it was destroyed (in case you want the option of reverting the destroy later and restoring the drafted item back to its original state).

Like many Ruby gems, Draftsman honors the concepts behind semantic versioning:

Given a version number MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH, increment the:

1. MAJOR version when you make incompatible API changes,
2. MINOR version when you add functionality in a backwards-compatible manner, and
3. PATCH version when you make backwards-compatible bug fixes.

If you feel like you can add something useful to Draftsman, then don't hesitate to contribute! To make sure your fix/feature has a high chance of being included, please do the following:

1. Fork the repo.

2. Run bundle install.

3. Run RAILS_ENV=test bundle exec rake -f spec/dummy/Rakefile db:schema:load to load test database schema.

4. Add at least one test for your change. Only refactoring and documentation changes require no new tests. If you are adding functionality or fixing a bug, you need a test!

5. Make all tests pass by running rake.

6. Push to your fork and submit a pull request.

I can't guarantee that I will accept the change, but if I don't, I will be sure to let you know why.

Here are some things that will increase the chance that your pull request is accepted, taken straight from the Ruby on Rails guide:

• Use Rails idioms
• Include tests that fail without your code, and pass with it
• Update the documentation, guides, or whatever is affected by your contribution

This gem is a work in progress. I am adding specs as I need features in my application. Please add missing ones as you work on features or find bugs!

Copyright 2013-2016 Minimal Orange, LLC.

Draftsman is released under the MIT License.