Uzbek khanates is a general name for the three states that existed in Transoxiana (modern Uzbekistan) at the time of its subjugation by the Russian Empire in the 19th century, namely the Khanates of Bukhara (1500-1920[1]), Khiva (1512-1920[2]) and Kokand (c. 1710-1876[3]).[4]
History
editIn the late 15th and early 16th centuries, the Timurids who ruled in Transoxiana were replaced by the Uzbek Shaybanid dynasty. Two branches of this dynasty established themselves as rulers of the Khanates of Bukhara (in 1500[1]) and Khiva (Khwarazm, in 1512[2]).[4]
In 1599,[1] power over the Khanate of Bukhara passed to the Ashtrakhanid dynasty.[4] Later, around 1710, the Khanate of Kokand was formed, being nominally dependent on the Khanate of Bukhara.[3] In 1747,[1] the control over the Bukhara Khanate passed to the Mangit dynasty,[4] under whom it became known as the Emirate of Bukhara.[5] In 1804, power over the Khanate of Khiva passed to the Kungrad dynasty.[2]
In the 1860s and 1870s, the entire territory of the Uzbek khanates became subordinate to the Russian Empire:[4] in 1876, the Kokand khanate was incorporated into the Russian Empire as Fergana Oblast,[3] while the Khanates of Bukhara and Khiva khanates became Russian vassal states.[4] They ceased to exist after the October Revolution,[4] in 1920, becoming the Bukharan People's Soviet Republic and the Khorezm People's Soviet Republic respectively.[6][2]
References
edit- ^ a b c d "Bukhara. Historiography of the Khanate, 1500-1920". Iranica.
- ^ a b c d "Хивинское ханство" [Khiva Khanate]. Great Russian Encyclopedia.
- ^ a b c "Кокандское ханство" [Kokand Khanate]. Great Russian Encyclopedia.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Uzbek khanate". Britannica.
- ^ "Бухарское ханство" [Bukhara Khanate]. Great Russian Encyclopedia.
- ^ "Бухарский эмират" [Bukhara Emirate]. Great Russian Encyclopedia.