Hassan Pirnia (Persian: حسن پیرنیا ; 1871 – 20 November 1935), titled Moshir-od-Dowleh, was a prominent Iranian politician of 20th-century Iran. He held a total of twenty-four posts during his political career, serving four times as Prime Minister of Iran. He was also a historian, co-founding the Society for the National Heritage of Iran.
Hassan Pirnia | |
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| 9th Prime Minister of Iran | |
| In office 14 March 1915 – 1 May 1915 | |
| Monarch | Ahmad Shah Qajar |
| Preceded by | Mostowfi ol-Mamalek |
| Succeeded by | Abdol Majid Mirza |
| In office 3 July 1920 – 27 October 1920 | |
| Monarch | Ahmad Shah Qajar |
| Preceded by | Vossug ed Dowleh |
| Succeeded by | Fathollah Khan Akbar |
| In office 21 January 1922 – 22 June 1922 | |
| Monarch | Ahmad Shah Qajar |
| Preceded by | Ahmad Qavam |
| Succeeded by | Ahmad Qavam |
| In office 15 June 1923 – 26 October 1923 | |
| Monarch | Ahmad Shah Qajar |
| Preceded by | Mostowfi ol-Mamalek |
| Succeeded by | Rēzā Pahlavi |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 1871 Nain, Iran |
| Died | 20 November 1935 (aged 64) Tehran, Iran |
| Political party | Moderate Socialists Party[1] |
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Personal life
editHassan was the eldest son of Mirza Nasrullah Khan, a Prime Minister during the Qajar era. Hassan also had a younger brother named Hossein, who served as speaker of the Parliament of Iran.
Career
editHassan became Iran's Minister to the Russian Court before returning to Iran, where he founded the Tehran School of Political Science in 1899.
Upon his father's death, he assumed the title of Moshir al Dowleh, playing an important role in drafting the Persian Constitution of 1906. Hassan was given an Honorary Knight Grand Cross of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George by the British crown in 1907. From 1907 to 1908, Pirnia was the Minister of Foreign Affairs, during which time he declared the Anglo-Russian Entente, which would divide Iran into zones of imperial influence, as null and void.
He later became Minister of Justice before becoming Prime Minister for the first time in 1915. He would re-assume the office in 1920, and again in 1922 and 1923. One of Pirnia's key actions during his time as Prime Minister saw him help prevent the introduction of the Anglo-Persian Agreement of 1919.
During his final period as prime minister, Pirnia appointed Mohammad Mosaddegh as his foreign minister, retaining Reza Khan as his minister of war.
Books and cultural contributions
editFollowing his retirement, he published a three-volume history of pre-Islamic Iran, entitled Tarikh-e Iran-e Bastan (History of Ancient Iran). An abridged version, Tarikh-e Mukhtasar Iran-e Qadim, published in 1928, became a standard textbook for students. Pirnia's other significant contributions to the cultural life of Iran included helping to set up the Society for the National Heritage of Iran along with Abdolhossein Teymourtash and Mohammad Ali Foroughi in 1922.
Hassan's younger brother, Hossein Pirnia, was also a notable statesman during this period. Known as Mo'tamen al Molk, he served as Minister of Education in 1918 and Minister without portfolio in 1920. He was elected to every session of the parliament (Majlis) from 1906 and served as its speaker for many years. In 1943 he was elected from Tehran to the 14th session of Parliament but declined to serve.
References
edit- ^ Katouzian, Homa (2006). State and Society in Iran: The Eclipse of the Qajars and the Emergence of the Pahlavis. Library of modern Middle East studies. Vol. 28. I.B.Tauris. p. 61. ISBN 1845112725.
In January 1913, the Regent appoints Ala al-Saltaneh, and he forms a mixed cabinet which includes Vosuq al-Dawleh, a right-wing Democrat; Mostawfi al- Mamalek, a centrist Democrat; Mostashar al-Dowleh, a left wing Democrat; and the brothers Moshir al-Dawleh and Mo'tamen al-Molk who are popular Moderates.
- Ghani, Cyrus, Iran and the Rise of Reza Shah: From Qajar Collapse to Pahlavi Power (I.B. Tauris: London, 2000). ISBN 1-86064-629-8
- Jane Lewisohn, Flowers of Persian Song and Music: Davud Pirniā and the Genesis of the Golhā Programs, Journal of Persianate Studies, Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 79–101 (2008)
- Marashi, Afshin, Nationalizing Iran: culture, power, and the state, 1870-1940 (University of Washington Press, 2008). ISBN 0295988207
- Moazami, Behrooz State, Religion, and Revolution in Iran, 1796 to the Present p. 41 (Palgrave Macmillan, 2013) ISBN 9781137325853
- Volodarsky, Mikhail The Soviet Union and Its Southern Neighbours (Taylor & Francis, 2014) ISBN 9781135195304