Ayrums (Azerbaijani: Ayrımlar, in Persian often as Âyromlū) are a Turkic tribe,[1] considered to be a sub-ethnic group of Azerbaijanis after the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.[2][3] They have been historically associated with the area nearby the city of Gyumri in Armenia.[1]
 Tamgha of Ayrums | |
| Regions with significant populations | |
|---|---|
| Azerbaijan, Iran, Turkey, Georgia Formerly: Armenia | |
| Related ethnic groups | |
| Oghuz Turks |
History
editIn 1828, after the signing of the Treaty of Turkmenchay by which Iran lost the khanates (provinces) of Erivan and Nakhchivan, Iranian Crown Prince Abbas Mirza invited many of the Turkic tribes that would be otherwise subjected to rule by the Russian Empire to move inside Iran's newly-established borders.[1] The Ayrumlu were one of them and were settled in Avajiq, a district to the west of Maku.[1] They are associated with numerous villages in Iran's West Azerbaijan Province and are completely sedentary in contemporary times.[1]
During the late 19th and the early 20th centuries, some more migrated to Iran and Turkey.[4] The Ayrums also live in the westernmost reaches of the present-day Republic of Azerbaijan, where they live as a semi-nomadic people.[3] At least six towns in northwestern Azerbaijan have been named after the tribe: Quşçu Ayrım, Yuxarı Ayrım, Mollaayrım.
There is no relation between Ayrums and the Greek Orthodox Turkic-speaking Urum people. The confusion is rooted in the lack of the Turkic sound "-ı" in Persian and its consequent representation by "-u". The name Ayrum has various spellings in the English language, such as Eyrum, Eirom and Airom.
Notable Ayrums
edit- Teymur Khan Ayromlou, General in the Persian Army, father-in-law of Reza Pahlavi
- Tadj ol-Molouk Ayromlou, Queen Consort of Iran, wife of Reza Pahlavi, mother of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
- Mohammad-Hosayn Ayrom, General in the Persian Cossack Brigade[5]
- Mahmoud Khan Ayrom, General in the Persian Cossack Brigade[5]
- Yusuf Ziya Ayrımlı, Senator of the Republic of Turkey (Kars, June 7, 1964 - October 14 1979) in the TBMM
- Şamil Ayrım, Member of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ a b c d e Oberling, P. (1987). "ĀYRĪMLŪ". In Yarshater, Ehsan (ed.). Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume III/2: Awāʾel al-maqālāt–Azerbaijan IV. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 151–152. ISBN 978-0-71009-114-7.
- ^ Swietochowski, Tadeusz; Collins, Brian C. (1999). Historical Dictionary of Azerbaijan. Scarecrow Press. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-8108-3550-4.
- ^ a b Olson, James Stuart; Pappas, Lee Brigance; Pappas, Nicholas Charles; Pappas, Nicholas C. J. (1994). An Ethnohistorical Dictionary of the Russian and Soviet Empires. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 24–25. ISBN 978-0-313-27497-8.
- ^ Mansoori, Firooz (2008). "17". Studies in History,Language and Culture of Azerbaijan (in Persian). Tehran: Hazar-e Kerman. p. 245. ISBN 978-600-90271-1-8.
- ^ a b Cronin, Stephanie; Stephanie Cronin, Dr; Cronin, Stephanie Maria (1997). The Army and Creation of the Pahlavi State in Iran, 1921-1926 - Stephanie Cronin. ISBN 9781860641053. Retrieved 31 October 2012 – via Google Books.
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