Henry Ayers

The Honourable Sir Henry Ayers GCMG
8th Premier of South Australia
In office 15 July 1863 – 4 August 1864
Monarch	Victoria
Governor	Sir Dominick Daly
Preceded by	Francis Dutton
Succeeded by	Sir Arthur Blyth
In office 20 September 1865 – 23 October 1865
Monarch	Victoria
Governor	Sir Dominick Daly
Preceded by	Francis Dutton
Succeeded by	Captain John Hart
In office 3 May 1867 – 24 September 1868
Monarch	Victoria
Governor	Sir Dominick Daly
Preceded by	Sir James Boucaut
Succeeded by	Captain John Hart
In office 13 October 1868 – 3 November 1868
Monarch	Victoria
Governor	Sir James Fergusson
Preceded by	Captain John Hart
Succeeded by	Henry Strangways
In office 22 January 1872 – 22 July 1873
Monarch	Victoria
Governor	Sir James Fergusson Sir Anthony Musgrave
Preceded by	Sir Arthur Blyth
Succeeded by	Sir Arthur Blyth
Personal details
Born	(1821-05-01)1 May 1821 Portsea, Portsmouth, Hampshire, England, UK
Died	11 June 1897(1897-06-11) (aged 76) Adelaide, South Australia

Sir Henry Ayers (now pron. "airs") GCMG (1 May 1821 – 11 June 1897) was the eighth Premier of South Australia, serving a record five times between 1863 and 1873.

His lasting memorial was in the name Ayers Rock, now better-known as Uluru,^[1][2] which was named in 1873 by the explorer William Gosse.^[3][4]

Ayers was born at Portsea, Portsmouth, Hampshire, England, the son of William Ayers, of the Portsmouth dockyard, and Elizabeth, née Breakes. Educated at the Beneficial Society's School (Portsea) he entered a law office in 1832. Less than a month after his marriage in 1840, he emigrated with his wife, Anne (née Potts), to South Australia, as a carpenter, with free passages.

Until 1845, he worked as a law clerk, and was then appointed secretary of the South Australian Mining Association, which owned the copper mine at Burra Burra.^[5] Henry Roach was chief Captain, responsible for day-to-day operations, from 1847 to 1867.^[6] Within a year the mine employed over 1000 men. For nearly 50 years, Ayers was in control of the operation, known as the "Monster Mine", initially as the secretary and later as the managing director. He made his wealth from the mine, which also secured the wealth of the colony of South Australia.

On 9 March 1857, Ayers was elected to the first South Australian Legislative Council under responsible government, the youngest member elected.^[5] He was continuously a member for over 36 years. For many years the whole colony formed a single electorate for the council; on two occasions (1865 and 1873) Ayers headed the poll.

In March 1863 Ayers was selected as one of the three South Australian representatives at the inter-colonial conference on uniform tariffs and inland customs duties. He also represented the colony at several other conferences from 1864 to 1877.^[5] On 4 July 1863 Ayers became minister without portfolio in the first Dutton cabinet. This ministry resigned just 11 days later however, as council demanded that it should have an executive minister to represent the government and Dutton refused. Ayers formed his first ministry as Premier and Chief Secretary on 15 July 1863.^[5]

The house was much divided and it was almost impossible to get business done. Ayers reconstructed his ministry on 22 July 1864 but was defeated, and resigned on 4 August 1864. The Blyth ministry which was then formed included Ayers as chief secretary, but did not survive a general election and resigned on 22 March 1865. When Dutton formed his second ministry, Ayers regained his old position as chief secretary and, still retaining that office, formed his third administration on 20 September 1865, which lasted just over a month. In spite of dissolutions, it was found very difficult to get a workable house. 18 ministries came and went between July 1863 and July 1873. Ayers became the premier again from May 1867 to September 1868, October to November 1868, 27 January 1872 to March 1872 and, with an entirely new team of ministers, from March 1872 to July 1873. He held the position of chief secretary in the Colton ministry from June 1876 to October 1877,^[5] his last term of office.

In 1881, Ayers was elected President of the South Australian Legislative Council and, until December 1893, carried out his duties with ability, impartiality and courtesy. He died in Adelaide on 11 June 1897. His wife had died in 1881, and he was survived by three sons and a daughter. He was created a CMG in 1870, knighted a KCMG in 1872, and raised to GCMG in 1894.^[5]

Apart from his mining interests, Ayers held important directorates and was a long-term member and chairman of the board of trustees of the Savings Bank of South Australia, being re-appointed chairman only a few days before his death. He was the first chairman of the South Australian Gas Company, was a governor of the Adelaide Botanic Gardensfrom 1862, was president of the South Australian Old Colonists' Association, and was, for many years, on the council of the University of Adelaide. He was in parliament for an unbroken term of 37 years and in no other Australian colony or state has a politician exercised so much influence or been in so many ministries while a member of the upper house. It is likely, however, that if Ayers had been in the House of Assembly he would have had more control of business, and his seven premierships would have been longer in duration and more fruitful in results. An address he gave on Pioneer Difficulties on Founding South Australia was published as a pamphlet in 1891.^[7]

Ayers resided in Ayers House from 1855 until 1897 and, in the 1860s, expanded it from a nine-room house into a grand mansion. His youngest child, Lucy, was born there. During Sir Henry's parliamentary service, Ayers House was used for cabinet meetings, parliamentary dinners, and grand balls.

Henry Ayers married Anne Potts (1812 – 13 August 1881) at Alverstokein around 1839.^[5] Anne was a sister of winemaker Frank Potts. They had four surviving sons^[8][9] and two daughters:

• Frank Richman Ayers (1842 – 23 April 1906)
• Henry "Harry" Lockett Ayers (1844–1905), married Ada Fisher Morphett (5 May 1843 – 1939) on 1 October 1866. She is remembered for contributing the "Tiffany windows" to St Paul's Church, Pulteney Street.
• Frederick "Fred" Ayers (1847 – 1 February 1897) married Evelyn Cameron Page on 8 November 1870. He was a prominent member of the South Australian Jockey Club.
• Margaret Elizabeth Ayers (1848 – 19 September 1887) married Arthur Robert Lungley on 29 April 1875
• (Arthur) Ernest Ayers (1852 – 2 April 1921) married Barbara Agnes Milne on 30 April 1878. Barbara was a daughter of William Milne MP.
• Lucy Josephine Ayers (1856 – 11 May 1945) married John Bagot on 24 September 1878. John was a grandson of Charles Hervey Bagot.

Ayers' remains were buried at the West Terrace Cemetery (Road 3, Path 19).

• The Advertiser, Adelaide, 12 June 1897
• E. Hodder, The History of South Australia
• Serle, Percival (1949). "Ayers, Henry". Dictionary of Australian Biography. Sydney: Angus & Robertson.
• Additional sources listed by the Australian Dictionary of Biography
  • L. L. Ayers, Sir Henry Ayers, K.C.M.G. and His Family (Adel, 1946)
  • G. D. Combe, Responsible Government in South Australia (Adel, 1957)
  • The South Australian Register, 12 June 1897
  • P. L. Edgar, Sir James Boucaut (B.A. Hons thesis, University of Adelaide, 1961)
  • J. B. Graham letters (National Library of Australia)
  • Henry Parkes letters (State Library of New South Wales)

• SA Parliament – Ayers
• Daguerreotype of Sir Henry Ayers, c.1848, State Library of South Australia