Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/upér
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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Indo-European
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From *úp (“above”) + *-er (locative adverbial suffix). From the same root as *úp-o (“up”). For the suffix compare *n̥dʰ-ér (“under”), *kʷó-r (“where?”), *tó-r (“there”).[1]
Adverb
[edit]*upér[2]
Derived terms
[edit]- *upér-i (“over, above”, adverb) (with additional locative suffix *-i)
- *uper-yo-
- Proto-Armenian: *uwérǰo-
- Old Armenian: վերջ (verǰ)
- Proto-Armenian: *uwérǰo-
- *úper-os (“upper, higher”, adjective)
Descendants
[edit]- Proto-Celtic: *uɸer (see there for further descendants)[3]
- Proto-Germanic: *uber (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *hupér
- Ancient Greek: ὑπέρ (hupér)
- ⇒ Proto-Italic: *super[4]
References
[edit]- ^ Dunkel, George E. (2014) “*upér ‘oben, darüber; hinauf’”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, pages 835-38
- ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011) Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An Introduction, 2nd edition, revised and corrected by Michiel de Vaan, Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, page 248
- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*ufor-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 398
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “super”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 600