This is the official repository for the Scala Programming Language.
To contribute to the Scala standard library, Scala compiler, and Scala Language Specification, please send us a pull request from your fork of this repository.
We do have to ask you to sign the Scala CLA before we can merge any of your work into our code base, to protect its open source nature.
For more information on building and developing the core of Scala, make sure to read the rest of this README!
In order to get in touch with other Scala contributors, join scala/contributors (Gitter) or post on contributors.scala-lang.org (Discourse).
Please report bugs at the scala/bug issue tracker. We use the scala/scala-dev tracker for coordinating bigger work items.
If you need some help with your PR at any time, please feel free to @-mention anyone from the list below, and we will do our best to help you out:
| username | talk to me about... | |
|---|---|---|
@adriaanm |
type checker, pattern matcher, infrastructure, language spec | |
@SethTisue |
build, developer docs, community build, Jenkins, library, the welcome-to-Scala experience | |
@retronym |
compiler performance, weird compiler bugs, Java 8 lambdas, REPL | |
@Ichoran |
collections library, performance | |
@lrytz |
optimizer, named & default arguments | |
@VladUreche |
specialization, Scaladoc tool | |
@densh |
quasiquotes, parser, string interpolators, macros in standard library | |
@xeno-by |
macros and reflection | |
@heathermiller |
documentation | |
@dragos |
specialization, back end | |
@axel22 |
collections, concurrency, specialization | |
@janekdb |
documentation |
P.S.: If you have some spare time to help out around here, we would be delighted to add your name to this list!
scala/
+--build.sbt The main sbt build script
+--lib/ Pre-compiled libraries for the build
+--src/ All sources
+---/library Scala Standard Library
+---/reflect Scala Reflection
+---/compiler Scala Compiler
+---/eclipse Eclipse project files
+---/intellij IntelliJ project templates
+--spec/ The Scala language specification
+--scripts/ Scripts for the CI jobs (including building releases)
+--test/ The Scala test suite
+---/files Partest tests
+---/junit JUnit tests
+--build/ [Generated] Build output directory
You need the following tools:
- Java SDK. The baseline version is 8 for both 2.12.x and 2.13.x. It may be possible to use a later SDK for local development, but the CI will verify against the baseline version.
- sbt. We recommend the sbt-extras runner script. It provides sensible default jvm options (stack and heap size).
Mac OS X and Linux work. Windows may work if you use Cygwin. Community help with keeping the build working on Windows is appreciated.
We are grateful for the following OSS licenses:
During ordinary development, a new Scala build is built by the previously released version. For short we call the previous release "starr": the stable reference Scala release. Building with starr is sufficient for most kinds of changes.
However, a full build of Scala (a bootstrap, as performed by our CI) requires two layers. This guarantees that every Scala version can build itself. If you change the code generation part of the Scala compiler, your changes will only show up in the bytecode of the library and compiler after a bootstrap. See below for how to do a bootstrap build locally.
For history on how the current scheme was arrived at, see https://groups.google.com/d/topic/scala-internals/gp5JsM1E0Fo/discussion.
Once you've started an sbt session you can run one of the core commands:
compilecompiles all sub-projects (library, reflect, compiler, scaladoc, etc)scala/scalacrun the REPL / compiler directly from sbt (accept options / arguments)dist/mkBingenerates runner scripts (scala,scalac, etc) inbuild/quick/bindist/mkPackcreates a build in the Scala distribution format inbuild/packtestruns the JUnit test,testOnly *immutable.ListTestruns a subsetpartestruns partest tests (accepts options, trypartest --help)publishLocalpublishes a distribution locally (can be used asscalaVersionin other sbt projects)- Optionally
set baseVersionSuffix := "-bin-abcd123-SNAPSHOT"whereabcd123is the git hash of the revision being published. You can also use something custom like"-bin-mypatch". This changes the version number from2.12.2-SNAPSHOTto something more stable (2.12.2-bin-abcd123-SNAPSHOT). - Note that the
-binstring marks the version binary compatible. Using it in sbt will cause thescalaBinaryVersionto be2.12. If the version is not binary compatible, we recommend using-pre, e.g.,2.13.0-pre-abcd123-SNAPSHOT. - Optionally
set publishArtifact in (Compile, packageDoc) in ThisBuild := falseto skip generating / publishing API docs (speeds up the process).
- Optionally
If a command results in an error message like a module is not authorized to depend on itself, it may be that a global SBT plugin (such as Ensime) is
resulting in a cyclical dependency. Try disabling global SBT plugins (perhaps by
temporarily commenting them out in ~/.sbt/0.13/plugins/plugins.sbt).
We recommend to keep local test files in the sandbox directory which is listed in
the .gitignore of the Scala repo.
Note that sbt's incremental compilation is often too coarse for the Scala compiler codebase and re-compiles too many files, resulting in long build times (check sbt#1104 for progress on that front). In the meantime you can:
- Enable "Ant mode" in which sbt only re-compiles source files that were modified.
Create a file
local.sbtcontaining the lineantStyle := true. Add an entrylocal.sbtto your~/.gitignore. - Use IntelliJ IDEA for incremental compiles (see IDE Setup below) - its incremental compiler is a bit less conservative, but usually correct.
To perform a bootstrap using sbt
- first a build is published either locally or on a temporary repository,
- then a separate invocation of sbt (using the previously built version as
starr) is used to build / publish the actual build.
Assume the current starr version is 2.12.0 (defined in
versions.properties) and the current version is 2.12.0-SNAPSHOT
(defined in build.sbt). To perform a local bootstrap:
- Run
publishLocal(you may want to specify a custom version suffix and skip generating API docs, see above). - Quit sbt and start a new sbt instance using
sbt -Dstarr.version=<version>where<version>is the version number you published locally. - If the version number you published is not binary compatible with the current
starr,set every scalaBinaryVersion := "2.12.0-M4". This is not required if the version you published locally is binary compatible, i.e., if the currentstarris a 2.12.x release and not a milestone / RC.
The last step is required to resolve modules (scala-xml, scala-partest, etc). It
assumes that the module releases for the current starr work (in terms of binary
compatibility) with the local starr that you published locally. A full bootstrap
requires re-building the all the modules. On our CI this is handled by the
bootstrap script, but it (currently) cannot
be easily executed locally.
You may use IntelliJ IDEA (see src/intellij/README.md), the Scala IDE for Eclipse (see src/eclipse/README.md), or ENSIME (see this page on the ENSIME site).
In order to use IntelliJ's incremental compiler:
- run
dist/mkBinin sbt to get a build and the runner scripts inbuild/quick/bin - run "Build" - "Make Project" in IntelliJ
Now you can edit and build in IntelliJ and use the scripts (compiler, REPL) to
directly test your changes. You can also run the scala, scalac and partest
commands in sbt. Enable "Ant mode" (explained above) to prevent sbt's incremental
compiler from re-compiling (too many) files before each partest invocation.
Our guidelines for contributing are explained in CONTRIBUTING.md. It contains useful information on our coding standards, testing, documentation, how we use git and GitHub and how to get your code reviewed.
You may also want to check out the following resources:
- The "Scala Hacker Guide" covers some of the same ground as this README, but in greater detail and in a more tutorial style, using a running example.
- Scala documentation site
Once you submit a PR your commits will be automatically tested by the Scala CI.
If you see a spurious build failure, you can post /rebuild as a PR comment.
The scabot README lists all available commands.
If you'd like to test your patch before having everything polished for review,
feel free to submit a PR and add the WIP label. In case your WIP branch contains
a large number of commits (that you didn't clean up / squash yet for review),
consider adding [ci: last-only] to the PR title. That way only the last commit
will be tested, saving some energy and CI-resources. Note that inactive WIP PRs
will be closed eventually, which does not mean the change is being rejected.
CI performs a full bootstrap. The first task, validate-publish-core, publishes
a build of your commit to the temporary repository
https://scala-ci.typesafe.com/artifactory/scala-pr-validation-snapshots.
Note that this build is not yet bootstrapped, its bytecode is built using the
current starr. The version number is 2.12.2-bin-abcd123-SNAPSHOT where abcd123
is the commit hash. For binary incompatible builds, the version number is
2.13.0-pre-abcd123-SNAPSHOT.
You can use Scala builds in the validation repository locally by adding a resolver
and specifying the corresponding scalaVersion:
$ sbt
> set resolvers += "pr" at "https://scala-ci.typesafe.com/artifactory/scala-pr-validation-snapshots/"
> set scalaVersion := "2.12.2-bin-abcd123-SNAPSHOT"
> console
Note that the scala modules are currently not built/published against the tested version during CI validation.
The Scala CI builds nightly download releases (including all modules) and publishes them to the following locations:
The CI also publishes nightly API docs:
Using a nightly build in sbt is explained in this Stack Overflow answer
The Scala CI runs as a Jenkins instance on scala-ci.typesafe.com, configured by a chef cookbook at scala/scala-jenkins-infra.
The build bot that watches PRs, triggers testing builds and applies the "reviewed" label after an LGTM comment is in the scala/scabot repo.
The Scala community build is a central element for testing Scala releases. A community build can be launched for any Scala commit, even before the commit's PR has been merged. That commit is then used to build a large number of open-source projects from source and run their test suites.
Community builds run on the Scala Jenkins instance. The jobs are
named ..-integrate-community-build. See the
scala/community-builds
repo.