WO2023188936A1 - 電気化学セル - Google Patents
電気化学セル Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023188936A1 WO2023188936A1 PCT/JP2023/005286 JP2023005286W WO2023188936A1 WO 2023188936 A1 WO2023188936 A1 WO 2023188936A1 JP 2023005286 W JP2023005286 W JP 2023005286W WO 2023188936 A1 WO2023188936 A1 WO 2023188936A1
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- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
- C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
- C25B9/23—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms comprising ion-exchange membranes in or on which electrode material is embedded
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/12—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte
- H01M8/1213—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the electrode/electrolyte combination or the supporting material
- H01M8/1226—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes operating at high temperature, e.g. with stabilised ZrO2 electrolyte characterised by the electrode/electrolyte combination or the supporting material characterised by the supporting layer
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrochemical cell.
- electrochemical cells electrochemical cells, fuel cells, etc.
- a hydrogen electrode layer comprising a hydrogen electrode layer, an oxygen electrode layer, and an electrolyte layer disposed between the hydrogen electrode layer and the oxygen electrode layer
- the hydrogen electrode layer can be made of gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC) and nickel (Ni).
- An object of the present invention is to provide an electrochemical cell that can suppress the occurrence of cracks in the hydrogen electrode layer.
- the electrochemical cell according to the first aspect of the present invention includes a hydrogen electrode layer, an oxygen electrode layer, and an electrolyte layer disposed between the hydrogen electrode layer and the oxygen electrode layer.
- the hydrogen electrode layer is composed of a perovskite oxide containing gadolinium, chromium, and manganese, gadolinium-doped ceria, and nickel.
- the average area occupancy of the perovskite oxide in the cross section of the hydrogen electrode layer is 5.00% or less.
- the electrochemical cell according to the third aspect of the present invention is related to the first or second aspect, and the hydrogen electrode layer has a first region on the electrolyte layer side with the center in the thickness direction as a reference, and an electrolyte layer with the center in the thickness direction as a reference. and a second region opposite the layer, the first area occupancy of the perovskite oxide in the first region being less than the second area occupancy of the perovskite oxide in the second region.
- An electrochemical cell according to a fourth aspect of the present invention relates to any one of the first to third aspects, and further includes a plate-shaped metal support that supports a hydrogen electrode layer and has a plurality of supply holes.
- FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing the configuration of an electrolytic cell according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing the configuration of an electrolytic cell 1 according to an embodiment.
- the electrolytic cell 1 is an example of an "electrochemical cell” according to the present invention.
- the electrolytic cell 1 includes a cell main body 10, a metal support 20, and a channel member 30.
- the cell main body 10 includes a hydrogen electrode layer 6 (cathode), an electrolyte layer 7, a reaction prevention layer 8, and an oxygen electrode layer 9 (anode).
- the hydrogen electrode layer 6, the electrolyte layer 7, the reaction prevention layer 8, and the oxygen electrode layer 9 are laminated in this order from the metal support 20 side.
- the hydrogen electrode layer 6, the electrolyte layer 7, and the oxygen electrode layer 9 are essential structures, and the reaction prevention layer 8 is an optional structure.
- Hydrogen electrode layer 6 is arranged between metal support 20 and electrolyte layer 7. Hydrogen electrode layer 6 is supported by metal support 20 . Specifically, the hydrogen electrode layer 6 is arranged on the first main surface 20S of the metal support 20. The hydrogen electrode layer 6 covers a region of the first main surface 20S of the metal support 20 where the plurality of supply holes 21 are provided. The hydrogen electrode layer 6 may enter into each supply hole 21 .
- Raw material gas is supplied to the hydrogen electrode layer 6 through each supply hole 21 .
- the source gas contains CO 2 and H 2 O.
- the hydrogen electrode layer 6 generates H 2 , CO, and O 2 ⁇ from the source gas according to the electrochemical reaction of co-electrolysis shown in equation (1) below.
- ⁇ Hydrogen electrode layer 6 CO 2 +H 2 O+4e - ⁇ CO+H 2 +2O 2 -...(1)
- the hydrogen electrode layer 6 is made of a porous material having electron conductivity.
- the hydrogen electrode layer 6 is made of a perovskite-type oxide (hereinafter abbreviated as "Gd(Cr,Mn) oxide”) containing gadolinium (Gd), chromium (Cr), and manganese (Mn). , gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC), and nickel (Ni).
- Gd(Cr,Mn) oxide is a perovskite-type oxide represented by the general formula ABO3 . Gd is placed at the A site, and Cr and Mn are placed at the B site.
- the hydrogen electrode layer 6 contains Gd (Cr, Mn) oxide, the sinterability (neck growth between particles) of the hydrogen electrode layer 6 can be improved, so that the porous The skeletal structure of the hydrogen electrode layer 6 can be strengthened. Therefore, generation of cracks in the hydrogen electrode layer 6 can be suppressed.
- the electrolytic cell 1 which is a metal supported cell it is necessary to form the hydrogen electrode layer 6 through low-temperature heat treatment in order to suppress deterioration of the metal support 20, and the skeleton of the hydrogen electrode layer 6 may not be formed sufficiently. Prone. Therefore, in the electrolytic cell 1 which is a metal-supported cell, it is particularly effective to suppress cracks by reinforcing the skeletal structure of the hydrogen electrode layer 6.
- Gd(Cr,Mn) oxide is represented by the general formula ABO3 .
- Gd (Cr, Mn) oxide has electrical insulation properties.
- the hydrogen electrode layer 6 has a first region 61 on the electrolyte layer 7 side with the center in the thickness direction (broken line in FIG. 1) as a reference, and a first region 61 on the electrolyte layer 7 side with the center in the thickness direction as a reference. and a second region 62 on the opposite side.
- the thickness direction is a direction perpendicular to the first main surface 20S of the metal support 20.
- the area occupation rate of Gd (Cr, Mn) oxide in the cross section of the hydrogen electrode layer 6 will be described later.
- Ni exists as metal Ni in the reducing atmosphere when the electrolytic cell 1 is in operation, it may exist as NiO in the oxidizing atmosphere while the electrolytic cell 1 is stopped.
- the porosity of the hydrogen electrode layer 6 is not particularly limited, but can be, for example, 5% or more and 70% or less.
- the thickness of the hydrogen electrode layer 6 is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 1 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the hydrogen electrode layer 6 can be formed by a firing method.
- Electrolyte layer 7 is arranged between hydrogen electrode layer 6 and oxygen electrode layer 9. Electrolyte layer 7 covers the entire hydrogen electrode layer 6 . In this embodiment, since the reaction prevention layer 8 is disposed between the electrolyte layer 7 and the oxygen electrode layer 9, the electrolyte layer 7 is in contact with the reaction prevention layer 8.
- the outer edge of the electrolyte layer 7 is joined to the first main surface 20S of the metal support 20. This ensures airtightness between the hydrogen electrode layer 6 side and the oxygen electrode layer 9 side, so there is no need to separately seal between the metal support 20 and the electrolyte layer 7.
- the electrolyte layer 7 transmits O 2 ⁇ generated in the hydrogen electrode layer 6 to the oxygen electrode layer 9.
- the electrolyte layer 7 is made of a dense material having oxide ion conductivity.
- the electrolyte layer 7 can be made of, for example, 8YSZ, LSGM (lanthanum gallate), or the like.
- the electrolyte layer 7 is a fired body made of a dense material that has ionic conductivity and no electronic conductivity.
- the electrolyte layer 7 can be made of, for example, YSZ (8YSZ), GDC, ScSZ, SDC, LSGM (lanthanum gallate), or the like.
- the porosity of the electrolyte layer 7 is not particularly limited, but can be, for example, 0.1% or more and 7% or less.
- the thickness of the electrolyte layer 7 is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 1 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less.
- Reaction prevention layer 8 is arranged between electrolyte layer 7 and oxygen electrode layer 9.
- the reaction prevention layer 8 is arranged on the opposite side of the hydrogen electrode layer 6 with the electrolyte layer 7 in between.
- the reaction prevention layer 8 is connected to the electrolyte layer 7.
- the reaction prevention layer 8 has a function of suppressing the formation of a reaction layer with high electrical resistance due to reaction between the electrolyte layer 7 and the oxygen electrode layer 9.
- the reaction prevention layer 8 is made of an ion-conductive material.
- the reaction prevention layer 8 can be made of GDC, SDC, or the like.
- the porosity of the reaction prevention layer 8 is not particularly limited, but can be, for example, 0.1% or more and 50% or less.
- the thickness of the reaction prevention layer 8 is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 1 ⁇ m or more and 50 ⁇ m or less.
- the oxygen electrode layer 9 is arranged on the opposite side of the hydrogen electrode layer 6 with respect to the electrolyte layer 7. In this embodiment, since the electrolytic cell 1 includes the reaction prevention layer 8, the oxygen electrode layer 9 is disposed on the reaction prevention layer 8. When the electrolytic cell 1 does not include the reaction prevention layer 8, the oxygen electrode layer 9 is arranged on the electrolyte layer 7.
- the oxygen electrode layer 9 generates O 2 from O 2 ⁇ transmitted from the hydrogen electrode layer 6 through the electrolyte layer 7 according to the chemical reaction of equation (2) below.
- ⁇ Oxygen electrode layer 9 2O 2- ⁇ O 2 +4e - (2)
- the oxygen electrode layer 9 is made of a porous material having oxide ion conductivity and electron conductivity.
- the oxygen electrode layer 9 is made of, for example, (La,Sr)(Co,Fe) O3 , (La,Sr) FeO3 , La(Ni,Fe) O3 , (La,Sr) CoO3 , and (Sm,Sr). ) CoO 3 and an oxide ion conductive material (GDC, etc.).
- the porosity of the oxygen electrode layer 9 is not particularly limited, but can be, for example, 20% or more and 60% or less.
- the thickness of the oxygen electrode layer 9 is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 1 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the method of forming the oxygen electrode layer 9 is not particularly limited, and a baking method, a spray coating method, a PVD method, a CVD method, etc. can be used.
- the metal support 20 supports the cell main body 10 .
- the metal support 20 is formed into a plate shape.
- the metal support 20 may have a flat plate shape or a curved plate shape.
- the thickness of the metal support 20 is not particularly limited as long as it can maintain the strength of the electrolytic cell 1, and may be, for example, 0.1 mm or more and 2.0 mm or less.
- the metal support 20 has a plurality of supply holes 21, a first main surface 20S, and a second main surface 20T.
- Each supply hole 21 penetrates the metal support 20 from the first main surface 20S to the second main surface 20T. Each supply hole 21 opens to the first main surface 20S and the second main surface 20T. Each supply hole 21 is formed in a region of the first main surface 20S that is joined to the hydrogen electrode layer 6. Each supply hole 21 is connected to a flow path 30a formed between the metal support 20 and the flow path member 30.
- Each supply hole 21 can be formed by mechanical processing (for example, punching process), laser processing, chemical processing (for example, etching process), or the like.
- each supply hole 21 may be a pore within the porous metal. Therefore, each supply hole 21 does not need to be formed perpendicular to the first main surface 20S and the second main surface 20T.
- the cell main body portion 10 is joined to the first main surface 20S.
- the flow path member 30 is joined to the second main surface 20T.
- the first main surface 20S is provided on the opposite side of the second main surface 20T.
- the metal support 20 is made of a metal material.
- the metal support 20 is made of an alloy material containing Cr (chromium). Examples of such metal materials include Fe-Cr-Mn alloy steel and Ni-Cr-Mn alloy steel.
- the content of Cr in the metal support 20 is not particularly limited, but can be 4% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less.
- the Mn content in the metal support 20 is not particularly limited, it can be set to 0% by mass or more and 1% by mass or less.
- the metal support 20 may contain Ti (titanium) or Zr (zirconium).
- the content of Ti in the metal support 20 is not particularly limited, but can be set to 0.01 mol% or more and 1.0 mol% or less.
- the content of Zr in the metal support 20 is not particularly limited, but can be set to 0.01 mol% or more and 0.4 mol% or less.
- the metal support 20 may contain Ti as TiO 2 (titania) or Zr as ZrO 2 (zirconia).
- the metal support 20 may have an oxide film formed by oxidation of the constituent elements of the metal support 20 on its surface.
- a typical example of the oxide film is a chromium oxide film.
- the oxide film partially or completely covers the surface of the metal support 20. Further, the oxide film may partially or entirely cover the inner wall surface of each supply hole 21.
- the flow path member 30 is joined to the second main surface 20T of the metal support 20.
- the channel member 30 forms a channel 30a between it and the metal support 20.
- a raw material gas is supplied to the flow path 30a.
- the raw material gas supplied to the flow path 30a is supplied to the hydrogen electrode layer 6 of the cell main body 10 via each supply hole 21 of the metal support 20.
- the flow path member 30 can be made of an alloy material, for example.
- the flow path member 30 may be formed of the same material as the metal support 20.
- the channel member 30 may be substantially integral with the metal support 20.
- the flow path member 30 has a frame 31 and an interconnector 32.
- the frame body 31 is an annular member that surrounds the sides of the flow path 30a.
- the frame 31 is joined to the second main surface 20T of the metal support 20.
- the interconnector 32 is a plate-like member that electrically connects the electrolytic cell 1 to an external power source or other electrolytic cells in series.
- the interconnector 32 is joined to the frame 31.
- the frame 31 and the interconnector 32 are separate members, but the frame 31 and the interconnector 32 may be integrated.
- the hydrogen electrode layer 6 is composed of GDC, Gd (Cr, Mn) oxide, and Ni.
- the average area occupation rate of Gd (Cr, Mn) oxide in the hydrogen electrode layer 6 is preferably 5.00% or less. This makes it possible to suppress the excessive presence of Gd (Cr, Mn) oxide having electrically insulating properties, so that the electrical conductivity required for the hydrogen electrode layer 6 can be ensured.
- the lower limit of the average area occupation rate of Gd (Cr, Mn) oxide in the hydrogen electrode layer 6 is not particularly limited, but can be set to 0.50% or more. When the average area occupancy rate is less than 0.50%, it is difficult to accurately detect the average area occupancy rate using the calculation method described below.
- the average area occupation rate of Gd (Cr, Mn) oxide can be calculated as follows.
- the hydrogen electrode layer 6 is cut along the thickness direction.
- an arbitrary position within the first region 61 of the hydrogen electrode layer 6 is detected at a magnification of 10,000 using a FE-SEM (Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope) using an in-lens secondary electron detector. Obtain a SEM image magnified by 2x.
- FE-SEM Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope
- the main phase includes GDC and Gd(Cr,Mn) oxide.
- the Ni phase contains Ni.
- the main phase and Ni phase are solid phases.
- an EDX spectrum at the position of the main phase is obtained using EDX (Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy). Then, by semi-quantitatively analyzing the EDX spectrum, the elements present in the main phase are identified. This divides the main phase into a region where GDC exists and a region where Gd(Cr,Mn) oxide exists on the SEM image.
- the SEM image is analyzed using image analysis software HALCON manufactured by MVTec (Germany) to obtain an analysis image in which Gd (Cr, Mn) oxide is highlighted.
- the Gd(Cr,Mn) in the first region 61 is A first area occupancy rate of the oxide.
- the second area occupancy rate of Gd(Cr,Mn) oxides in the second region 62 is determined using the same method as the first area occupancy rate of Gd(Cr,Mn) oxides in the first region 61.
- the arithmetic mean value of the first and second area occupancies is determined as the average area occupancy of the Gd (Cr, Mn) oxide in the hydrogen electrode layer 6.
- the first area occupancy of the Gd(Cr,Mn) oxide in the first region 61 is smaller than the second area occupancy of the Gd(Cr,Mn) oxide in the second region 62. This ensures a three-phase interface (reaction field) in the first region 61 where the electrode reaction is active, while ensuring a skeletal structure in the second region 62 that is susceptible to thermal stress due to the difference in thermal expansion coefficient with the metal support 20. can be strengthened. Therefore, it is possible to both maintain electrode performance and suppress cracks.
- the value of the first area occupancy of the Gd (Cr, Mn) oxide in the first region 61 is not particularly limited, but can be set to, for example, 0.50% or more and 10.0% or less.
- the value of the second area occupancy of the Gd (Cr, Mn) oxide in the second region 62 is not particularly limited, but can be, for example, 0.50% or more and 10.0% or less.
- the hydrogen electrode layer 6 functions as a cathode and the oxygen electrode layer 9 functions as an anode, but even if the hydrogen electrode layer 6 functions as an anode and the oxygen electrode layer 9 functions as a cathode, good.
- the constituent materials of the hydrogen electrode layer 6 and the oxygen electrode layer 9 are exchanged, and the raw material gas is caused to flow over the outer surface of the hydrogen electrode layer 6.
- the electrolytic cell 1 has been described as an example of an electrochemical cell, but the electrochemical cell is not limited to an electrolytic cell.
- An electrochemical cell consists of an element with a pair of electrodes arranged so that an electromotive force is generated from the overall redox reaction, and an element that converts chemical energy into electrical energy. It is a generic term. Therefore, electrochemical cells include, for example, fuel cells that use oxide ions or protons as carriers.
- Electrolytic cells according to Examples 1 to 10 were produced as follows.
- a metal support made of Fe-Cr-Mn alloy steel was prepared, in which a plurality of supply holes were formed.
- a hydrogen electrode layer is formed.
- a slurry was prepared.
- the average area occupation rate of Gd(Cr,Mn) oxide in the hydrogen electrode layer was changed as shown in Table 1.
- a hydrogen electrode layer molded body was formed by printing the hydrogen electrode layer slurry on the first main surface of the metal support using a doctor blade method.
- an electrolyte layer slurry was prepared by mixing YSZ powder, butyral resin, plasticizer, dispersant, and solvent. Then, an electrolyte slurry was printed using a doctor blade method so as to cover the hydrogen electrode layer molded body, thereby forming an electrolyte layer molded body.
- reaction prevention layer slurry was prepared by mixing GDC powder, polyvinyl alcohol, and a solvent. Then, a reaction prevention layer molded body was formed by printing a reaction prevention layer slurry on the electrolyte layer molded body using a doctor blade method.
- the formed bodies of the hydrogen electrode layer, electrolyte layer, and reaction prevention layer arranged sequentially on the metal support are fired in the air (1050°C, 1 hour), thereby forming the hydrogen electrode layer, the electrolyte layer, and the reaction prevention layer. and a reaction prevention layer was formed.
- a slurry for an oxygen electrode layer was prepared by mixing (La, Sr) (Co, Fe) O 3 powder, polyvinyl alcohol, and a solvent. Then, a slurry for an oxygen electrode layer was printed on the reaction prevention layer by a doctor blade method to form a molded body for an oxygen electrode layer.
- the oxygen electrode layer molded body was fired in the atmosphere (1000° C., 1 hour) to form an oxygen electrode.
- Comparative example 1 An electrolytic cell according to Comparative Example 1 was produced using the same steps as Examples 1 to 10 above, except that the slurry for the hydrogen electrode layer was prepared without using Gd (Cr, Mn) oxide powder.
- Heat cycle test While maintaining a reducing atmosphere by supplying a mixed gas of Ar and hydrogen (hydrogen is 4% relative to Ar) to the hydrogen electrode layer from the channel in the channel member, the temperature was raised from room temperature to 750°C in 2 hours. The process of raising the temperature and then lowering the temperature to room temperature in 4 hours was repeated 10 times as one cycle.
- Electrolysis voltage increase rate (%) of each example 100 ⁇ ((electrolysis voltage of each example) - (electrolysis voltage of comparative example 1)) / (electrolysis voltage of comparative example 1)... (3)
- the case where the electrolytic voltage increase rate was less than 1% was evaluated as " ⁇ "
- the case where it was 1% or more was evaluated as " ⁇ ”.
- Electrolytic cells according to Examples 11 to 14 were produced using the same steps as Examples 1 to 10, except that the hydrogen electrode layer had a two-layer structure. Here, only a method for forming a hydrogen electrode layer having a two-layer structure will be described.
- the first region A slurry for the second region and a slurry for the second region were prepared separately. Then, the slurry for the second region is printed on the first main surface of the metal support to form a molded body for the second region, and then the slurry for the first region is printed on the molded body for the second region. A molded body for one region was formed.
- the amount of Gd(Cr,Mn) oxide powder added in the slurry for the first region was greater than the amount of Gd(Cr,Mn) oxide powder added in the slurry for the second region. Adjusted to reduce.
- the average area occupation rate of Gd(Cr,Mn) oxide in the first region of the hydrogen electrode layer is equal to that of Gd(Cr,Mn) oxide in the second region of the hydrogen electrode layer. It is smaller than the average area occupancy rate.
- the average area occupancy of Gd(Cr,Mn) oxide in the first region of the hydrogen electrode layer is calculated as the average area occupancy of Gd(Cr,Mn) oxide in the second region of the hydrogen electrode layer.
- Example 11 where the ratio was lower than that of Example 12, the initial performance was able to be further improved compared to Example 12. This is because the three-phase interface in the first region could be secured by reducing the area occupation rate of the Gd (Cr, Mn) oxide in the first region where the electrode reaction is active.
- Example 13 the average area occupancy of Gd(Cr,Mn) oxide in the first region of the hydrogen electrode layer was made smaller than the average area occupancy of Gd(Cr,Mn) oxide in the second region of the hydrogen electrode layer.
- the initial performance was able to be improved more than in Example 14.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、実施形態に係る電解セル1の構成を示す断面図である。電解セル1は、本発明に係る「電気化学セル」の一例である。
セル本体部10は、水素極層6(カソード)、電解質層7、反応防止層8、及び酸素極層9(アノード)を有する。水素極層6、電解質層7、反応防止層8、及び酸素極層9は、この順で金属支持体20側から積層されている。水素極層6、電解質層7、及び酸素極層9は必須の構成であり、反応防止層8は任意の構成である。
水素極層6は、金属支持体20と電解質層7との間に配置される。水素極層6は、金属支持体20によって支持される。詳細には、水素極層6は、金属支持体20の第1主面20S上に配置される。水素極層6は、金属支持体20の第1主面20Sのうち複数の供給孔21が設けられた領域を覆う。水素極層6は、各供給孔21内に入り込んでいてよい。
・水素極層6:CO2+H2O+4e-→CO+H2+2O2-・・・(1)
電解質層7は、水素極層6及び酸素極層9の間に配置される。電解質層7は、水素極層6の全体を覆う。本実施形態では、電解質層7及び酸素極層9の間に反応防止層8が配置されているため、電解質層7は反応防止層8と接触する。
反応防止層8は、電解質層7及び酸素極層9の間に配置される。反応防止層8は、電解質層7を介して水素極層6の反対側に配置される。本実施形態において、反応防止層8は、電解質層7に接続される。反応防止層8は、電解質層7と酸素極層9とが反応して電気抵抗の大きい反応層が形成されることを抑制する機能を有する。
酸素極層9は、電解質層7を基準として水素極層6の反対側に配置される。本実施形態では、電解セル1が反応防止層8を備えているため、酸素極層9は反応防止層8上に配置される。電解セル1が反応防止層8を備えていない場合、酸素極層9は電解質層7上に配置される。
・酸素極層9:2O2-→O2+4e-・・・(2)
金属支持体20は、セル本体部10を支持する。金属支持体20は、板状に形成される。金属支持体20は、平板状であってもよいし、曲板状であってもよい。金属支持体20は電解セル1の強度を保つことができればよく、その厚みは特に制限されないが、例えば0.1mm以上2.0mm以下とすることができる。
流路部材30は、金属支持体20の第2主面20Tに接合される。流路部材30は、金属支持体20との間に流路30aを形成する。流路30aには、原料ガスが供給される。流路30aに供給された原料ガスは、金属支持体20の各供給孔21を介して、セル本体部10の水素極層6に供給される。
水素極層6は、上述した通り、GDCと、Gd(Cr,Mn)酸化物と、Niとによって構成される。
以上、本発明の実施形態について説明したが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではなく、本発明の趣旨を逸脱しない限りにおいて種々の変更が可能である。
上記実施形態において、水素極層6はカソードとして機能し、酸素極層9はアノードとして機能することとしたが、水素極層6がアノードとして機能し、酸素極層9がカソードとして機能してもよい。この場合、水素極層6と酸素極層9の構成材料を入れ替えるとともに、水素極層6の外表面に原料ガスを流す。
上記実施形態では、電気化学セルの一例として電解セル1について説明したが、電気化学セルは電解セルに限られない。電気化学セルとは、電気エネルギーを化学エネルギーに変えるため、全体的な酸化還元反応から起電力が生じるように一対の電極が配置された素子と、化学エネルギーを電気エネルギーに変えるための素子との総称である。従って、電気化学セルには、例えば、酸化物イオン或いはプロトンをキャリアとする燃料電池が含まれる。
上記実施形態では、電解セル1が反応防止層8を備えているため、反応防止層8が電解質層7に接続されることとしたが、電解セル1が反応防止層8を備えていない場合、酸素極層9が電解質層7に接続される。
実施例1~10に係る電解セルを次の通り作製した。
Gd(Cr,Mn)酸化物粉末を用いずに水素極層用スラリーを調製したこと以外は、上記実施例1~10と同じ工程にて比較例1に係る電解セルを作製した。
上記実施形態にて説明した手法により、水素極層におけるGd(Cr,Mn)酸化物の面積占有率を算出した。算出結果は表1に示す通りであった。
流路部材内の流路から水素極層にAr及び水素の混合ガス(水素は、Arに対して4%)を供給することで還元雰囲気に維持した状態で、常温から750℃まで2時間で昇温した後に4時間で常温まで降温させる工程を1サイクルとして10回繰り返した。
電解セルを750℃まで昇温させた状態で、流路部材内の流路から水素極層に水蒸気及び水素の混合ガス(混合比50:50)を供給するとともに酸素極層に空気を供給しながら、0.5A/cm2の電流値を掃引した際の電解電圧を取得した。そして、比較例1の電解電圧を基準とし、下記(3)式を用いて、電解電圧上昇率を算出した。
表1では、電解電圧上昇率が1%未満の場合を「〇」と評価し、1%以上の場合を「△」と評価した。
水素極層を二層構造にしたこと以外は、実施例1~10と同じ工程にて実施例11~14に係る電解セルを作製した。ここでは、二層構造の水素極層を形成する方法についてのみ説明する。
6 水素極層
61 第1領域
62 第2領域
7 電解質層
8 反応防止層
9 酸素極層
10 セル本体部
20 金属支持体
21 供給孔
30 流路部材
30a 流路
Claims (4)
- 水素極層と、
酸素極層と、
前記水素極層及び前記酸素極層の間に配置される電解質層と、
を備え、
前記水素極層は、ガドリニウム、クロム及びマンガンを含むペロブスカイト型酸化物と、ガドリニウムドープセリアと、ニッケルとによって構成される、
電気化学セル。 - 前記水素極層の断面における前記ペロブスカイト型酸化物の平均面積占有率は、5.00%以下である、
請求項1に記載の電気化学セル。 - 前記水素極層は、厚み方向中央を基準として前記電解質層側の第1領域と、厚み方向中央を基準として前記電解質層と反対側の第2領域とを有し、
前記第1領域における前記ペロブスカイト型酸化物の第1面積占有率は、前記第2領域における前記ペロブスカイト型酸化物の第2面積占有率より小さい、
請求項1又は2に記載の電気化学セル。 - 前記水素極層を支持し、複数の供給孔を有する板状の金属支持体をさらに備える、
請求項1に記載の電気化学セル。
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| CN202380017707.0A CN118922585A (zh) | 2022-03-31 | 2023-02-15 | 电化学单电池 |
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| JP2000096278A (ja) * | 1998-09-14 | 2000-04-04 | Creavis G Fuer Technol & Innov Mbh | 有機化合物を電気化学的に酸化する方法 |
| US20130095408A1 (en) * | 2011-10-14 | 2013-04-18 | Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. | Anode material for solid oxide fuel cell, and anode and solid oxide fuel cell including anode material |
| CN111254458A (zh) * | 2018-11-30 | 2020-06-09 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种钙钛矿复合阴极及其制备方法和应用 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2000096278A (ja) * | 1998-09-14 | 2000-04-04 | Creavis G Fuer Technol & Innov Mbh | 有機化合物を電気化学的に酸化する方法 |
| US20130095408A1 (en) * | 2011-10-14 | 2013-04-18 | Samsung Electronics Co. Ltd. | Anode material for solid oxide fuel cell, and anode and solid oxide fuel cell including anode material |
| CN111254458A (zh) * | 2018-11-30 | 2020-06-09 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种钙钛矿复合阴极及其制备方法和应用 |
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