WO2021177362A1 - 活物質の製造方法 - Google Patents
活物質の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021177362A1 WO2021177362A1 PCT/JP2021/008236 JP2021008236W WO2021177362A1 WO 2021177362 A1 WO2021177362 A1 WO 2021177362A1 JP 2021008236 W JP2021008236 W JP 2021008236W WO 2021177362 A1 WO2021177362 A1 WO 2021177362A1
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- active material
- alkali metal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element
- C01G53/42—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
- C01G53/44—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese
- C01G53/50—Complex oxides containing nickel and at least one other metal element containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2 containing manganese of the type (MnO2)n-, e.g. Li(NixMn1-x)O2 or Li(MyNixMn1-x-y)O2
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/54—Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/50—Solid solutions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/76—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by a space-group or by other symmetry indications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/78—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by stacking-plane distances or stacking sequences
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/40—Electric properties
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/102—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
- H01M50/109—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure of button or coin shape
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/84—Recycling of batteries or fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing an active material.
- the active material of the battery contains rare metal components such as cobalt, nickel, manganese, and lithium.
- the positive electrode active material of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery contains the above-mentioned compound containing the rare metal component as a main component. It's being used. In order to conserve the resources of rare metal components, there is a demand for a method of reproducing rare metal components from battery waste materials of secondary batteries.
- Patent Document 1 an electrode mixture and an activating treatment agent containing an alkali metal compound are mixed, the mixture is heated to decompose the binder, and the decomposition products and the activating treatment agent are removed with water or the like.
- the method for recovering the active material is disclosed. This method is cost effective in that the active material is directly recovered from the battery waste material without using an organic solvent.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing an active material, which can suppress deterioration of a crystal structure.
- the method for producing an active material according to the present invention includes the following steps. (1) Step of mixing an activation treatment agent containing one or more kinds of alkali metal compounds with an electrode mixture containing an active material and a binder (2) The obtained mixture is 0.3 atm. Step of heating to a temperature equal to or higher than the melting start temperature of the activation treatment agent in an atmosphere having the above partial pressure of oxygen (3) Step of recovering the active material from the mixture after heating.
- the active material can be a positive electrode active material, or can be a positive electrode active material of a non-aqueous secondary battery.
- the active material can be a composite oxide containing one or more elements selected from the following element group 1 and one or more elements selected from the element group 2.
- element group 1 Ni, Co, Mn, Fe, Al, and P
- element group 2 Li, Na, K, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Mg
- the active material can be a composite oxide represented by Li 1 + a M 2 b M 1 M T c O 2 + d X e.
- M 2 represents at least one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Na, K, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Mg.
- M 1 represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ni, Co, Mn, Fe, Al, and P.
- M T represents Ni, Co, Mn, and at least one element selected from the group consisting of transition metal elements other than Fe
- X represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of non-metallic elements excluding oxygen O and P.
- -0.4 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.5, 0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.5, 0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.5, -0.5 ⁇ d ⁇ 1.5, and 0 ⁇ e ⁇ 0.5 are satisfied.
- the molar fraction of Ni contained in M 1 in the composite oxide can be 0.5 or more.
- the composite oxide can have a hexagonal crystal structure.
- the discharge capacity of the recovered active material can be 150 mAh / g or more.
- At least one alkali metal compound contained in the activation treatment agent can contain the same alkali metal element as the alkali metal element contained in the active material.
- At least one of the alkali metal compounds contained in the activation treatment agent can be an alkali metal compound that exhibits alkalinity when dissolved in water.
- one kind of alkali metal compound that exhibits alkalinity when dissolved in water is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal hydroxides, carbonates, hydrogen carbonates, oxides, peroxides and superoxides. It can be more than that.
- the melting start temperature of the activation treatment agent can be 700 ° C. or lower.
- the method for producing an active material includes the following steps. (1) Step of mixing an activation treatment agent containing one or more kinds of alkali metal compounds with an active material and an electrode mixture containing a binder (2) The obtained mixture is mixed with oxygen. Step of heating to a temperature equal to or higher than the melting start temperature of the activation treatment agent in an atmosphere of a pressure of 0.3 atm or more (3) Step of recovering the active material from the mixture after heating The following, from the battery waste material of the present invention Each step in the method of recovering the active material of the above will be described in detail.
- Step (1) Step of mixing the activation treatment agent with the electrode mixture First, the electrode mixture is prepared.
- the electrode mixture is a material containing an active material and a binder, and the active materials are bound to each other by the binder.
- the electrode mixture may further contain a conductive material, in which case the active material and the conductive material are bound to each other by a binder.
- the active material may be either a positive electrode active material or a negative electrode active material.
- positive electrode active materials are lithium, oxygen, fluorine, sodium, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, calcium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, ittrium. , Niobium, molybdenum, silver, indium, tungsten, etc. as constituent elements.
- negative electrode active materials include lithium, oxygen, fluorine, sodium, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, calcium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, and gallium. , Ittium, niobium, molybdenum, silver, indium, tungsten, etc. as constituent elements.
- the active material may consist of only a single compound or may be composed of a plurality of compounds.
- Suitable positive electrode active materials include lithium, oxygen, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, aluminum, phosphorus, sulfur, vanadium, manganese, iron, nickel, copper, cobalt, gallium, molybdenum, indium, tungsten and the like. It is a composite compound.
- the active material in the present invention is preferably a positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous secondary battery.
- An example of a positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous secondary battery is a composite oxide containing one or more elements selected from the following element group 1 and one or more metals selected from element group 2.
- Element group 1 Ni, Co, Mn, Fe, Al, and P
- Element group 2 Li, Na, K, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Mg
- Sodium transition metal composite oxide is preferable, and lithium transition metal composite oxide is particularly preferable.
- lithium transition metal composite oxides LiCoO 2 , LiNiO 2 , Li (Ni, Co) O 2 , Li (Ni, Co, Al) O 2 , Li (Ni, Mn) O 2 , Li ( Ni, Mn, Co) O 2 , LiMn 2 O 4 , Li (Mn, Fe) 2 O 4 , Li 2 MnO 3 , Li 2 NiO 3 , Li 2 (Ni, Mn) O 3 , LiFePO 4 , LiMnPO 4, etc.
- sodium transition metal composite oxide examples include NaCoO 2 , NaNiO 2 , Na (Ni, Co) O 2 , Na (Ni, Mn) O 2 , Na (Ni, Mn, Co) O 2 , Na ( Fe, Ni, Mn) O 2 , Namn 2 O 4 , Na (Mn, Fe) 2 O 4 , NaFePO 4 , NamnPO 4, etc. can be mentioned, and these are used alone or in combination of two or more. be able to.
- the composite oxide is represented by Li 1 + a M 2 b M 1 M T c O 2 + d X e (formula A).
- M 2 represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Na, Ca, Sr, Ba, and Mg
- M 1 is from Ni, Co, Mn, Fe, Al, and P.
- X is oxygen O and Represents at least one or more elements selected from the group consisting of non-metal elements excluding P, ⁇ 0.4 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.5,0 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.5,0 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.5,- Satisfy 0.5 ⁇ d ⁇ 1.5 and 0 ⁇ e ⁇ 0.5.
- Examples of X are F, Cl, Br, I, S, Se, Te, N.
- Mole fraction of Ni contained in the M 1 in the composite oxide may be 0.5 or more, 0.6 or more, 0.7 or more, may be 0.8 or more.
- the crystal structure of the above-mentioned composite oxide as an active material is not particularly limited, but a preferred crystal structure includes a layered structure. More preferably, a hexagonal or monoclinic crystal structure is preferable.
- the hexagonal crystal structure is P3, P3 1 , P3 2 , R3, P-3, R-3, P312, P321, P3 1 12, P3 1 21, P3 2 12, P3 2 21, R32, P3 m1. , P31m, P3c1, P31c, R3m, R3c, P-31m, P-31c, P-3m1, P-3c1, R-3m, R-3c, P6, P6 1 , P6 5 , P6 2 , P6 4 , P6 3, P6, P6 / m, P6 3 / m, P622, P6 1 22, P6 5 22, P6 2 22, P6 4 22, P6 3 22, P6mm, P6cc, P6 3 cm, P6 3 mc, P It belongs to any one space group selected from the group consisting of -6m2, P-6c2, P-62m, P-62c, P6 / mmm, P6 / mcc, P6 3 / mcm and P6 3
- the monoclinic crystal structures are P2, P2 1 , C2, Pm, Pc, Cm, Cc, P2 / m, P2 1 / m, C2 / m, P2 / c, P2 1 / c and C2 / c. It belongs to any one space group selected from the group consisting of.
- the crystal structure of the active material is identified from the powder X-ray diffraction pattern obtained by powder X-ray diffraction measurement using CuK ⁇ ray as the radiation source.
- the particle size of the active material in the electrode mixture there is no particular limitation on the particle size of the active material in the electrode mixture. Usually, it is about 0.001 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the particle size distribution of the active material can be measured using a laser diffraction scattering particle size distribution measuring device (for example, Mastersizer 2000 manufactured by Malvern). From the obtained particle size distribution, a volume-based cumulative particle size distribution curve can be created, and the value of the particle size (D50) at the time of 50% accumulation from the fine particle side can be used as the average particle size of the powder. Further, the particle size of the primary particles of the active material can be measured as an arithmetic mean of the diameter equivalent to a circle in an electron micrograph.
- the conductive material examples include a metal-based conductive material such as metal particles and a carbon-based conductive material made of a carbon material.
- carbon-based conductive materials are graphite powder, carbon black (for example, acetylene black) and fibrous carbon materials (for example, graphitized carbon fibers and carbon nanotubes).
- the carbon-based conductive material may be a single carbon material or may be composed of a plurality of carbon materials.
- the specific surface area of the carbon material used as the carbon-based conductive material can usually be 0.1 to 500 m 2 / g.
- the conductive material may be composed of only a carbon-based conductive material over 30 m 2 / g, it may be more of the carbon black 30 m 2 / g, it may be a more acetylene black 30 m 2 / g ..
- the speed of the oxidation treatment of the carbon-based conductive material can be increased, and even a carbon material having a small specific surface area can be oxidized. May be possible.
- binder the binder before activation treatment
- the binder contained in the electrode mixture are thermoplastic resins, and specifically, polyvinylidene fluoride (hereinafter, may be referred to as PVdF) and polytetrafluoro.
- Ethylene (hereinafter sometimes referred to as PTFE), ethylene tetrafluoride / propylene hexafluoride / vinylidene fluoride copolymer, propylene hexafluoride / vinylidene fluoride copolymer and ethylene tetrafluoride / perfluoro Fluororesin such as vinyl ether copolymer; polyolefin resin such as polyethylene and polypropylene; styrene-butadiene copolymer (hereinafter, may be referred to as SBR); may be mentioned, and two or more of these may be a mixture. ..
- SBR styrene-butadiene copolymer
- the amount of active material, conductive material and binder in the electrode mixture there is no particular limitation on the amount of active material, conductive material and binder in the electrode mixture.
- the blending amount of the binder may be 0.5 to 30 parts by weight and may be 1 to 5 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the positive electrode active material.
- the blending amount of the conductive agent may be 0, but may be 0 to 50 parts by weight and may be 1 to 10 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the positive electrode active material.
- Such an electrode mixture can be obtained by separating and recovering the electrode mixture from a waste electrode having a current collector and an electrode mixture layer.
- the "waste electrode” can be an electrode collected from a discarded battery and a waste electrode generated in the process of manufacturing the electrode and the battery.
- the discarded battery may be a used battery or an unused but nonstandard battery.
- the waste of the electrode can be an end portion of the electrode generated in the process of manufacturing the battery and an electrode of a nonstandard product. It is also possible to use a waste product of the electrode mixture that is not attached to the current collector and is generated in the electrode mixture manufacturing process.
- the electrode has a current collector which is a metal foil such as an aluminum foil and a copper foil, and an electrode mixture layer provided on the current collector.
- the electrode mixture layer may be provided on one side of the current collector, or may be provided on both sides.
- a method of separating the electrode mixture from the electrode having the electrode mixture layer and the current collector a method of mechanically peeling the electrode mixture layer from the current collector (for example, scraping the electrode mixture from the current collector).
- Method of dropping a method of infiltrating a solvent into the interface between the electrode mixture layer and the current collector to peel off the electrode mixture layer from the current collector, and dissolving the current collector using an alkaline or acidic aqueous solution.
- a method of mechanically peeling the electrode mixture layer from the current collector is preferable.
- the electrode may be either a positive electrode or a negative electrode.
- the positive electrode mixture can be recovered from the positive electrode, and the negative electrode mixture can be recovered from the negative electrode.
- the positive electrode active material can be recovered by using the positive electrode mixture, and the negative electrode active material can be recovered by using the negative electrode mixture.
- the method for producing an active material of the present invention is suitably applied to the case of recovering the positive electrode active material from the positive electrode mixture, and among the positive electrode active materials, it is preferably applied to the positive electrode active material of a non-aqueous secondary battery.
- the prepared electrode mixture is mixed with an activation treatment agent containing one or more alkali metal compounds.
- the mixing of the electrode mixture and the activation treatment agent may be either dry mixing or wet mixing, or may be a combination of these mixing methods, and the mixing order is not particularly limited.
- Dry mixing is preferable because it enables easier mixing.
- a V-type mixer, a W-type mixer, a ribbon mixer, a drum mixer, a powder mixer having a stirring blade inside, a ball mill, and vibration are used.
- a mill or a combination of these devices can be used.
- a powder mixer having a stirring blade inside as a suitable powder mixing device As a powder mixer having a stirring blade inside as a suitable powder mixing device, a Ladyge mixer (manufactured by Matsubo Co., Ltd.) can be specifically mentioned.
- the activation treatment agent contains one or more alkali metal compounds.
- the active material can be activated.
- the alkali metal compound in the activating treatment agent particularly contains a melted portion, the contact property between the melted portion and the active material is improved, so that the activation of the active material is further promoted.
- the electrode mixture may contain a compound containing fluorine derived from the binder and / or the electrolytic solution, and by contacting the compound containing fluorine with the activation treatment agent, the fluorine component can be removed. Since it is stabilized as alkali metal fluoride, it is possible to suppress the generation of corrosive gas such as hydrogen fluoride. It is desirable to prevent the generation of hydrogen fluoride because it reduces the activity of the active material.
- the ratio of the alkali metal compound in the activating treatment agent is appropriately set in consideration of the type of the alkali metal compound, the type of the target active material, etc., but is usually 50 with respect to the total weight of the activating treatment agent. It is 70% by weight or more, preferably 70% by weight or more (including 100% by weight).
- the alkali metal compounds that are the components of the activation treatment agent include hydroxides, borates, carbonates, oxides, peroxides, superoxides, nitrates, phosphates, sulfates, and chlorides of alkali metals.
- Examples include substances, vanadium salts, bromates, molybdates, and tungstates. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more as components of the activation treatment agent.
- the alkali metal element constituting the alkali metal compound may be any alkali metal element, and at least one selected from the group consisting of lithium, sodium and potassium is preferable.
- the alkali metal compounds may contain different alkali metal elements.
- alkali metal compounds include hydroxides such as LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, and CsOH; Booxides such as LiBO 2 , NaBO 2 , KBO 2 , RbBO 2 , CsBO 2 ; Li 2 CO 3, Na 2 CO 3, K 2 CO 3, RbCO 3, carbonates such as CsCO 3; Oxides such as Li 2 O, Na 2 O, K 2 O, Rb 2 O, Cs 2 O; Peroxides such as Li 2 O 2 , Na 2 O 2 , K 2 O 2 , Rb 2 O 2 , Cs 2 O 2; Superoxides such as LiO 2 , NaO 2 , KO 2 , RbO 2 , CsO 2; Nitrate such as LiNO 3 , NaNO 3 , KNO 3 , RbNO 3 , CsNO 3; Phosphates such as Li 3 PO 4 , Na 3 PO 4 , K 3 PO 4 , Rb 3 PO 4 , Cs 3 PO 4; S
- At least one alkali metal compound contained in the activation treatment agent contains the same alkali metal element as the alkali metal element contained in the active material in the electrode mixture.
- the alkali metal compound (in the case of two or more kinds, at least one of them) in the activation treatment agent can be a lithium compound.
- Suitable lithium compounds include LiOH, LiBO 2 , Li 2 CO 3 , Li 2 O, Li 2 O 2 , LiO 2 , LiNO 3 , Li 3 PO 4 , Li 2 SO 4 , LiCl, LiVO 3 , LiBr, Li. 2 MoO 4 and Li 2 WO 4 can be mentioned.
- the alkali metal compound (in the case of two or more, at least one of them) in the activation treatment agent can be a sodium compound.
- Suitable sodium compounds, NaOH, NaBO 2, Na 2 CO 3, Na 2 O, Na 2 O 2, NaO 2, NaNO 3, Na 3 PO 4, Na 2 SO 4, NaCl, NaVO 3, NaBr, Na 2 MoO 4 and Na 2 WO 4 can be mentioned.
- the activation treatment agent may contain a compound other than the alkali metal compound, if necessary.
- the compound other than the alkali metal compound include alkaline earth metal compounds containing alkaline earth metal elements such as magnesium, calcium and barium.
- the alkaline earth metal compound is contained in the activation treatment agent together with the alkali metal compound for the purpose of controlling the melting start temperature of the activation treatment agent.
- the content of the compound other than the alkali metal compound in the activating treatment agent is selected within a range that does not significantly suppress the effect derived from the above-mentioned molten alkali metal compound, and is less than 50% by weight of the total weight of the activating treatment agent. Is.
- the amount of the activating treatment agent added to the mixture of the electrode mixture and the activating treatment agent is preferably 0.001 to 100 times, more preferably, 0.001 to 100 times the weight of the active material contained in the electrode mixture. It is 0.05 to 1 times.
- the number of moles of the alkaline compound in the activation treatment agent in the mixture of the electrode mixture and the activation treatment agent is the number of moles of the alkaline atom when the number of moles of the active material (for example, formula A) contained in the electrode mixture is 1. It can be added so that the number of moles is 0.001 to 200 times.
- the cost for recovering the active material from the electrode mixture can be reduced, and the oxidative decomposition treatment rate of the carbon-based conductive material and the binder can be increased. Can be done. Further, the effect of preventing the generation of corrosive gas in the activation treatment step can be improved, and further, the discharge capacity of the battery produced by using the obtained active material can be further increased.
- At least one of the alkali metal compounds contained in the activation treatment agent is an alkali metal compound that exhibits alkalinity when dissolved in water.
- the pH of the solution becomes higher than 7.
- such an activation treatment agent may be referred to as an "alkaline activation treatment agent".
- the alkaline activation treatment agent by using the alkaline activation treatment agent, the generation of corrosive gas in the heating step can be further suppressed, so that the discharge capacity of the battery produced by using the recovered active material can be further increased. Can be enhanced. Further, by using an alkaline activation treatment agent, the treatment speed of the carbon-based conductive material and the binder can be increased.
- the conductive material contained in the electrode mixture is a carbon-based conductive material
- at least one of the alkali metal compounds contained in the activation treatment agent is said to be carbon-based at the temperature of the activation treatment step. It may be an alkali metal compound having an oxidizing power that oxidatively decomposes a conductive material.
- the activation treatment agent containing such an alkali metal compound may be hereinafter referred to as "the activation treatment agent having an oxidizing power”.
- Alkali metal compounds having the oxidizing power required to oxidize carbon-based conductive materials and hydrocarbons into carbon dioxide and water vapor include alkali metal peroxides, superoxides, nitrates, sulfates, and vanadium salts. Molybdenate can be mentioned. These may be used alone or in admixture of two or more.
- Step (2) ⁇ Step of heating the mixture>
- the mixture obtained in step (1) (hereinafter, may be referred to as “preheating mixture”) is subjected to an activation treatment agent in an atmosphere having an oxygen partial pressure of 0.3 atm or more. This is a step of heating to a temperature equal to or higher than the melting start temperature.
- the "melting start temperature (Tmp) of the activation treatment agent” means the lowest temperature at which a part of the activation treatment agent exhibits a liquid phase.
- the melting start temperature (Tmp) of the activation treatment agent is a value obtained by differential thermal measurement (DTA). That is, 5 mg of the above mixture is measured by differential thermal analysis (DTA, measurement condition: temperature rising rate: 10 ° C./min), and the temperature at which the DTA signal shows an endothermic peak is defined as the melting start temperature (Tmp).
- the melting start temperature (Tmp) of the activation treatment agent is preferably 700 ° C. or lower, and may be 600 ° C. or lower. There is no lower limit to the melting start temperature (Tmp) of the activator, but it may be, for example, 150 ° C.
- the melting point of the activating treatment agent means the lowest temperature at which a part of the activating treatment agent exhibits a liquid phase when only the activating treatment agent is heated.
- the melting point of the activating treatment agent is a value obtained by differential thermal measurement (DTA). Specifically, in differential thermal measurement (DTA, measurement condition: temperature rising rate: 10 ° C./min) with 5 mg of the activation treatment agent, the temperature at which the DTA signal shows the peak of endothermic reaction is defined as the melting point of the activation treatment agent. do.
- DTA differential thermal measurement
- the atmosphere in heating may have an oxygen partial pressure of 0.3 atm or more, may be 0.4 atm or more, may be 0.5 atm or more, may be 0.6 atm or more, may be 0.7 atm or more, and may be 0.8 atm. It may be more than or equal to 0.9 atm or more, and may be 1.0 atm or more. In addition, 1 atm is 101325 Pa.
- the total pressure of the atmosphere is not particularly limited, but it can be atmospheric pressure, but it may be a reduced pressure atmosphere or a pressurized atmosphere.
- gases other than oxygen in the atmosphere are nitrogen, argon, and carbon dioxide.
- the following action is produced by heating the mixture to a temperature equal to or higher than the melting start temperature of the activation treatment agent in an atmosphere having an oxygen partial pressure of 0.3 atm or higher. ..
- the activation treatment agent in the molten state comes into contact with the active material, so that deterioration of the crystal structure of the active material can be suppressed. In some cases, it is also possible to obtain a crystal structure repairing action.
- the rate of oxidative decomposition of the conductive material and the binder is improved, and further, the activation treatment agent in the molten state is bound.
- the fluorine component is stabilized as alkali metal fluoride, preventing the generation of hydrogen fluoride, which is a corrosive gas, and suppressing deterioration of the crystal structure of the active material. Will be done.
- the activating treatment agent contains the same alkali metal as the active material, it is possible to supply the alkali metal that is insufficient for the active material.
- the temperature of the heating process and the holding time at the temperature are the types of the alkali metal compounds and other compounds contained in the active material, conductive material, binder, and activation treatment agent that make up the electrode mixture. It can be adjusted as appropriate depending on the combination. Usually, the temperature is in the range of 100 to 1500 ° C., and the holding time is about 10 minutes to 24 hours.
- the temperature is preferably higher than the melting point of the alkali metal compound contained in the activation treatment agent.
- the melting point of the alkali metal compound may be lower than the melting point of each compound by mixing a plurality of kinds of compounds.
- the eutectic point is set as the melting point of the alkali metal compound.
- the mixture can be cooled to any temperature, for example, about room temperature, if necessary.
- Step (3) ⁇ Step of recovering active material> Step (3): The step of recovering the active material is a step of recovering the active material from the mixture after the heating step of the step (2).
- the mixture that has undergone the heating step includes components derived from the activation treatment agent (alkali metal compounds, etc.), undecomposed conductive materials and binders, and other undecomposed products of the electrode mixture. .. Further, when the electrode mixture contains an electrolytic solution containing a fluorine component, it may contain a fluorine component derived from the electrolyte.
- a slurry solid-liquid separation method in which a solvent such as water is added to the mixture to form a slurry and then solid-liquid separation is performed, or the mixture is heated and activated.
- a vaporization separation method in which components other than substances are vaporized and separated.
- the active material recovery step by the slurry solid-liquid separation method is a slurry step of adding a solvent to the mixture obtained after the activation treatment step to form a slurry, and a solid-liquid separation step of separating the slurry into a solid phase and a liquid phase. And a drying step of drying the solid phase after solid-liquid separation.
- This method is particularly suitable for recovering active substances that are insoluble in water.
- the slurrying step is a step of preparing a slurry by adding a solvent to the mixture after the activation treatment.
- the solvent used in the slurrying step is not limited as long as it is a solution capable of dissolving components other than the active material contained in the mixture.
- As the solvent water which is inexpensive and easy to use industrially is preferable.
- the pH may be adjusted by adding a component other than water in order to increase the solubility of the water-soluble component or increase the treatment speed.
- a slurry containing a solid phase mainly containing an active material and a liquid phase containing a water-soluble component other than the active material can be produced.
- the liquid phase contains an alkali metal component derived from the activating treatment agent and / or a fluorine component derived from the binder and the electrolytic solution.
- the amount of the solvent added to the mixture is appropriately determined in consideration of the amounts of the active material contained in the mixture and the water-soluble components other than the active material.
- the slurry formed in the slurrying step is then subjected to the solid-liquid separation step.
- the solid-liquid separation step is a step of separating the slurry into a liquid phase and a solid phase.
- a conventionally known method may be used, and examples thereof include filtration and centrifugation.
- the drying step is a step of drying the active material obtained after the solid-liquid separation step to remove the solvent (moisture).
- the drying temperature is preferably 100 ° C. or higher in order to remove the solvent (moisture). Further, it is preferable that the temperature is 150 ° C. or higher in order to sufficiently remove water. In particular, at a temperature of 250 ° C. or higher, the discharge capacity of the battery produced by using the obtained active material is further increased, which is preferable.
- the temperature in the drying step may be constant or may be changed stepwise or continuously.
- the active material may be refired in an oxygen-containing atmosphere.
- the atmosphere of refiring is, for example, an air atmosphere.
- the re-baking may be performed in an atmosphere having an oxygen partial pressure of 0.3 atm or more, as in the heating step.
- the re-baking temperature can be 100 to 1500 ° C.
- the holding time for re-baking can be 1 minute to 24 hours.
- the active material obtained from the battery mixture can be reused in the same manner as the unused active material.
- Methods for manufacturing electrodes and batteries using active materials are well known.
- the discharge capacity of the recovered active material can be 150 mAh / g or more.
- the molar ratio of the alkali metal to the transition metal in the produced active material is equal to or larger than the molar ratio of the active material in the electrode mixture.
- the measurement of the physical properties of the active material (before the production of the electrode mixture) and the charge / discharge test using the battery using the active material as the positive electrode active material were performed as follows.
- composition analysis After dissolving the sample in hydrochloric acid, composition analysis is performed using inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (hereinafter sometimes referred to as ICP-AES) (using SPS3000 manufactured by SII Nanotechnology Co., Ltd.). went.
- ICP-AES inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry
- Measuring device Powder X-ray diffraction measuring device manufactured by Spectris Co., Ltd.
- X'Pert PRO X-ray generator CuK ⁇ source Voltage 45kV, current 40mA Slit: 1 ° Scan step: 0.02 deg Scan range: 10-90 deg Scan speed: 4deg / min
- X-ray detector One-dimensional semiconductor detector Measurement atmosphere: Atmosphere Sample table: Dedicated glass sample plate
- Each active material, a binder (PVdF # 1100 (manufactured by Kureha Corporation)), and a conductive material (acetylene black (manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd., product number: Denka Black HS100)) are used.
- the conductive materials were mixed so as to have a weight ratio of 92: 3: 5, and kneaded in a Menou dairy pot to prepare a positive electrode mixture paste.
- an NMP solution in which PVdF, which is a binder, is dissolved is used, and NMP is added so that the total weight of the active material, the conductive material, and the binder in the positive electrode mixture paste is 50% by weight. And adjusted.
- the positive electrode mixture paste was applied to an Al foil current collector (3 ⁇ 5 cm) so that the amount of the electrode mixture was 3 mg / cm 2, and then vacuum dried at 150 ° C. for 8 hours to obtain a positive electrode.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery (coin-type battery R2032) was produced by combining the above-mentioned positive electrode, an electrolytic solution, a separator, and a negative electrode. The batteries were assembled in a glove box with an argon atmosphere.
- electrolytic solution a mixed solvent in which ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate had a volume ratio of 30:70 was used, and LiPF 6 was dissolved as an electrolyte so as to be 1 mol / liter.
- a separator As a separator, a laminated film separator in which a heat-resistant porous layer was laminated on a polyethylene porous film was used. Further, metallic lithium was used as the negative electrode.
- 1st cycle discharge (0.2C): discharge current 40mA / g-active material 2nd cycle discharge (0.2C): discharge current 40mA / g-active material 3rd cycle discharge (1C): discharge current 200mA / G-Active material 4th cycle discharge (2C): Discharge current 400mA / g-Active material 5th cycle discharge (5C): Discharge current 1000mA / g-Active material 6th cycle discharge (10C): Discharge current 2000mA / g-active material It is shown that the larger the discharge capacity of 0.2C, the higher the rated capacity can be obtained, and the larger the discharge capacity of 5C, the higher the output characteristics can be obtained.
- a positive electrode active material having a composition of Li 1.06 Ni 0.80 Co 0.11 Mn 0.09 O 2 and a crystal structure of R-3 m was used as the active material .
- the discharge capacity of 0.2 C measured in a charge / discharge test using a coin-type battery using this active material (unused active material) as the positive electrode active material was 184 mAh / g.
- a positive electrode active material having a composition of Li 1.04 Ni 0.34 Co 0.33 Mn 0.33 O 2 and a crystal structure of R-3 m was used as another active material.
- the discharge capacity of 0.2 C measured in a charge / discharge test using a coin-type battery using this active material (unused active material) as the positive electrode active material was 150 mAh / g.
- acetylene black HS100 manufactured by Denki Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd. was used as the conductive material.
- an NMP solvent was further added to an NMP solution (manufactured by Kureha Corporation) containing 12% by weight of PVdF # 1100, which is a binder, to obtain a predetermined ratio.
- the mass ratio of the active material, the binder, and the conductive material in the positive electrode mixture was 92: 3: 5.
- the blending amount of the solvent was 50% by mass with respect to the entire positive electrode mixture paste.
- a positive electrode mixture paste is applied onto an aluminum foil 1085 (manufactured by Nippon Foil Co., Ltd.) for a lithium ion secondary battery positive electrode current collector having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m using a doctor blade type coater and dried to obtain a positive electrode A. rice field.
- the amount of electrode mixture on the aluminum foil was 20 mg / cm 2 .
- Activation treatment agent mixing step A predetermined amount ratio of activation treatment agent (one or more alkali metal compounds) was added to the peeled electrode mixture and mixed using a mortar to obtain a mixture.
- the composition of the activating treatment agent, the number of moles of each alkali metal compound per 1 mole of the active material in the electrode mixture, the pH of the activating treatment agent, and the melting start temperature of the activating treatment agent separately measured in the mixture are shown. Shown in 1.
- the obtained mixture (mixture before activation treatment) was placed in an alumina firing container and installed in an electric furnace. It was heated to a predetermined temperature under an atmospheric pressure and an atmosphere containing an oxygen concentration of a predetermined concentration.
- the holding time of the temperature was 4 hours, the heating rate to the temperature was 250 ° C./hour, and the cooling to room temperature was natural cooling.
- the oxygen concentration in the atmosphere was adjusted by adding additional oxygen to the air. Table 1 shows the heating temperature, total pressure, oxygen concentration, and oxygen partial pressure.
- the (110) plane spacing is measured by powder X-ray diffraction measurement, and charging / discharging is performed. The discharge capacity by the test was measured.
- Table 1 shows the conditions
- Table 2 shows the (110) plane spacing of the pre-treatment active material and the post-treatment active material and the discharge capacity at 0.2C in each Example and Comparative Example.
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Abstract
Description
(1)活物質、および結着材を含む電極合材に、1種又は2種以上のアルカリ金属化合物を含有する活性化処理剤を混合する工程
(2)得られた混合物を、0.3atm以上の酸素分圧を有する雰囲気下において、前記活性化処理剤の溶融開始温度以上の温度に加熱する工程
(3)前記加熱後の混合物から活物質を回収する工程
元素群1:Ni、Co、Mn、Fe、Al、及び、P
元素群2:Li、Na、K、Ca、Sr、Ba、及び、Mg
ただし、M2は、Na、K、Ca、Sr、Ba、及び、Mgからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つ以上の元素を表し、
M1はNi、Co、Mn、Fe、Al、及び、Pからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の元素を表し、
MTはNi、Co、Mn、及び、Fe以外の遷移金属元素からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの元素を表し、
Xは酸素O及びPを除く非金属元素からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つ以上の元素を表し、
-0.4<a<1.5,0≦b<0.5,0≦c<0.5,-0.5<d<1.5,及び、0≦e<0.5を満たす。
(1)活物質、および、結着材を含む電極合材に、1種又は2種以上のアルカリ金属化合物を含有する活性化処理剤を混合する工程
(2)得られた混合物を、酸素分圧が0.3atm以上の雰囲気下において、前記活性化処理剤の溶融開始温度以上の温度に加熱する工程
(3)前記加熱後の混合物から活物質を回収する工程
以下、本発明の電池廃材からの活物質の回収方法における各工程について詳細に説明する。
まず、電極合材を準備する。
電極合材は、活物質と結着材とを含む材料であり、活物質が結着材により互いに結着されている。電極合剤は、さらに、導電材を含んでも良く、その場合、活物質及び導電材が互いに結着剤により結着されている。
活物質は、正極活物質でも負極活物質でもよい。
元素群1:Ni、Co、Mn、Fe、Al、及び、P
元素群2:Li、Na、K、Ca、Sr、Ba、及び、Mg
ただし、M2は、Na、Ca、Sr、Ba、及び、Mgからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つ以上の元素を表し、M1はNi、Co、Mn、Fe、Al、及び、Pからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の元素を表し、MTはNi、Co、Mn、及び、Fe以外の遷移金属元素からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの元素を表し、Xは酸素O及びPを除く非金属元素からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つ以上の元素を表し、-0.4<a<1.5,0≦b<0.5,0≦c<0.5,-0.5<d<1.5,及び、0≦e<0.5を満たす。
Xの例は、F、Cl、Br、I、S、Se、Te、Nである。
導電材の例は、金属粒子等の金属系導電材、及び、炭素材料からなる炭素系導電材である。
電極合材に含まれる結着材(活性化処理前結着材)の例は、熱可塑性樹脂であり、具体的には、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(以下、PVdFということがある。)、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(以下、PTFEということがある。)、四フッ化エチレン・六フッ化プロピレン・フッ化ビニリデン系共重合体、六フッ化プロピレン・フッ化ビニリデン系共重合体および四フッ化エチレン・パーフルオロビニルエーテル系共重合体などのフッ素樹脂;ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレンなどのポリオレフィン樹脂;スチレンブタジエン共重合体(以下、SBRということがある。);が挙げられ、これらの二種以上を混合物であってもよい。
活性化処理剤は、1種又は2種以上のアルカリ金属化合物を含有する。アルカリ金属化合物が活物質と接触すると、活物質を活性化させることができる。活性化処理剤におけるアルカリ金属化合物が特に溶融部分を含む場合には、該溶融部分と活物質との接触性が向上することで、活物質の活性化がより促進される。
LiBO2、NaBO2、KBO2、RbBO2、CsBO2等のホウ酸化物;
Li2CO3、Na2CO3、K2CO3、RbCO3、CsCO3等の炭酸塩;
Li2O、Na2O、K2O、Rb2O、Cs2O等の酸化物;
Li2O2、Na2O2、K2O2、Rb2O2、Cs2O2等の過酸化物;
LiO2、NaO2、KO2、RbO2、CsO2等の超酸化物;
LiNO3、NaNO3、KNO3、RbNO3、CsNO3等の硝酸塩;
Li3PO4、Na3PO4、K3PO4、Rb3PO4、Cs3PO4等のリン酸塩;
Li2SO4、Na2SO4、K2SO4、Rb2SO4、Cs2SO4等の硫酸塩;
LiCl、NaCl、KCl、RbCl、CsCl等の塩化物;
LiBr、NaBr、KBr、RbBr、CsBr等の臭化物;
LiVO3、NaVO3、KVO3、RbVO3、CsVO3等のバナジウム酸塩;
Li2MoO4、Na2MoO4、K2MoO4、Rb2MoO4、CsMoO4等のモリブデン酸塩;
Li2WO4、Na2WO4、K2WO4、Rb2WO4、CsWO4等のタングステン酸塩;が挙げられる。
加熱工程は、工程(1)にて得られた混合物(以下、「加熱前混合物」と呼ぶ場合がある。)を、0.3atm以上の酸素分圧を有する雰囲気下において、活性化処理剤の溶融開始温度以上の温度に加熱する工程である。
活性化処理剤の溶融開始温度(Tmp)は、700℃以下であることが好ましく、600℃以下でも良い。活性化処理剤の溶融開始温度(Tmp)に下限はないが、例えば、150℃であっても良い。
工程(3):活物質を回収する工程とは、工程(2)の加熱工程後に、混合物から活物質を回収する工程である。
スラリー化固液分離法による活物質回収工程は、活性化処理工程後に得られる混合物に溶媒を加えてスラリーとするスラリー化工程と、該スラリーを固相と液相とに分離する固液分離工程と、固液分離後の固相を乾燥する乾燥工程と、を含む。
試料を塩酸に溶解させた後、誘導結合プラズマ発光分析法(以下ICP-AESということがある。)(エスアイアイ・ナノテクノロジー株式会社製SPS3000を使用)を用いて組成分析を行った。
試料の粉末X線回折測定にはスペクトリス株式会社粉末X線回折測定装置X’Pert PROを用いた。X線の線源にはCuKα線源を用いた。活物質を専用のホルダーに充填し、回折角2θ=10~90°の範囲にて行い、粉末X線回折パターンを得た。得られた粉末X線回折パターンに基づいて、株式会社リガク製PDXL2ソフトウェアを用い、最小二乗法による格子定数の精密化を行い、(110)面の面間隔を得た。
測定装置: スペクトリス株式会社製粉末X線回折測定装置X’Pert PRO
X線発生器:CuKα線源 電圧45kV、電流40mA
スリット:1°
スキャンステップ:0.02deg
スキャン範囲:10-90deg
スキャンスピード:4deg/min
X線検出器:一次元半導体検出器
測定雰囲気:大気雰囲気
試料台:専用のガラス試料板
純水70gに活性化処理剤3.5gを入れて、スターラーにより十分に攪拌し、ガラス電極によるpHメーターを用いて、pHを測定した。
電極合剤と活性化処理剤との混合物5mgを示差熱測定(DTA,測定条件:昇温速度:10℃/min)し、DTAシグナルが吸熱のピークを示す温度を溶融開始温度(Tmp)とした。
示差熱測定(DTA)の測定条件
装置:示差熱熱重量同時測定装置(TG/DTA6200)セイコーインスツル株式社製
パン:白金
初期試料量:5mg
雰囲気:空気
昇温速度:10℃/min
1.電極(正極)の作製
活物質の放電容量の測定のために、下記の手順に従って電極(正極)を作製した。
上述の正極と、電解液と、セパレータと、負極とを組み合わせて、非水電解質二次電池(コイン型電池R2032)を作製した。なお、電池の組み立てはアルゴン雰囲気のグローブボックス内で行った。
作製したコイン型電池を用いて、25℃保持下、以下に示す条件で充放電試験を実施した。充放電試験は、放電時の放電電流を変えて放電容量を測定した。
充電時間:8時間
充電電流:40mA/g-活物質 (活物質1g当たりの充電電流が40mA)
放電時は放電最小電圧を2.5Vで一定とし、各サイクルにおける放電電流を下記のように変えて放電を行った。
2サイクル目の放電(0.2C):放電電流40mA/g-活物質
3サイクル目の放電(1C) :放電電流200mA/g-活物質
4サイクル目の放電(2C) :放電電流400mA/g-活物質
5サイクル目の放電(5C) :放電電流1000mA/g-活物質
6サイクル目の放電(10C) :放電電流2000mA/g-活物質
なお、0.2Cの放電容量が大きいほど高い定格容量が得られ、5Cの放電容量が大きいほど、高い出力特性が得られることを示す。
A.正極Aの作製
また別の活物質として、組成がLi1.04Ni0.34Co0.33Mn0.33O2であり、結晶構造がR-3mである正極活物質を用いた。この活物質(未利用活物質)を正極活物質として用いたコイン型電池による充放電試験で測定された0.2Cの放電容量は150mAh/gであった。
正極Aから、電極合材を機械的にそぎ落として、電極合材を集電体から剥離した。
剥離した電極合材に所定量比の活性化処理剤(1又は複数のアルカリ金属化合物)を加えて、乳鉢を用いて混合し、混合物を得た。活性化処理剤の組成、電極合剤中の活物質1モルに対する各アルカリ金属化合物のモル数、活性化処理剤のpH、及び、混合物において別途測定された活性化処理剤の溶融開始温度を表1に示す。
得られた混合物(活性化処理前混合物)をアルミナ製焼成容器に入れて電気炉に設置した。大気圧下、所定濃度の酸素濃度含有雰囲気下において、所定の温度に加熱した。当該温度の保持時間は4時間とし、当該温度までの加熱速度は250℃/時間とし、室温までの冷却は自然冷却とした。なお、雰囲気における、酸素の濃度の調整は、空気に対して、追加の酸素を添加することにより行った。加熱温度、全圧、酸素濃度、酸素分圧を表1に示す。
活性化処理後混合物を粉砕し、水を加えてスラリー化して、攪拌した後、デカンテーションを行なった。その後、該スラリーをろ過することで、固相を分離した。得られた固相を100℃で真空乾燥した。
Claims (12)
- 下記工程を含む活物質の製造方法。
(1)活物質、及び、結着材を含む電極合材に、1種又は2種以上のアルカリ金属化合物を含有する活性化処理剤を混合する工程
(2)得られた混合物を、0.3atm以上の酸素分圧を有する雰囲気下において、前記活性化処理剤の溶融開始温度以上の温度に加熱する工程
(3)前記加熱後の混合物から活物質を回収する工程 - 前記活物質が、正極活物質である請求項1に記載の活物質の製造方法。
- 前記正極活物質が、非水二次電池の正極活物質である請求項2に記載の活物質の製造方法。
- 前記活物質が、下記の元素群1から選ばれる1種以上の元素と、元素群2から選ばれる1種以上の元素とを含有する複合酸化物である請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の活物質の製造方法。
元素群1:Ni、Co、Mn、Fe、Al、及び、P
元素群2:Li、Na、K、Ca、Sr、Ba、及び、Mg - 前記活物質がLi1+aM2 bM1MT cO2+dXeで表される複合酸化物である請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の活物質の製造方法。
ただし、M2は、Na、K、Ca、Sr、Ba、及び、Mgからなる群から選択される少なくとも1つ以上の元素を表し、
M1はNi、Co、Mn、Fe、Al、及び、Pからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の元素を表し、
MTはNi、Co、Mn、及びFe以外の遷移金属元素からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つの元素を表し、
Xは酸素O及びPを除く非金属元素からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つ以上の元素を表し、
-0.4<a<1.5,0≦b<0.5,0≦c<0.5,-0.5<d<1.5,及び、0≦e<0.5を満たす。 - 前記複合酸化物におけるM1に含まれるNiのモル分率が、0.5以上である、請求項5に記載の活物質の製造方法。
- 前記複合酸化物が六方晶型の結晶構造を有する、請求項4~6のいずれか1項に記載の活物質の製造方法。
- 回収された活物質の放電容量が150mAh/g以上である、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の活物質の製造方法。
- 前記活性化処理剤に含まれる少なくとも1種のアルカリ金属化合物が、前記活物質に含まれるアルカリ金属元素と同一のアルカリ金属元素を含む、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の活物質の製造方法。
- 前記活性化処理剤に含有されるアルカリ金属化合物の少なくとも1種が、水に溶解させた場合にアルカリ性を示すアルカリ金属化合物である請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の活物質の製造方法。
- 前記水に溶解させた場合にアルカリ性を示すアルカリ金属化合物が、アルカリ金属の水酸化物、炭酸塩、炭酸水素塩、酸化物、過酸化物および超酸化物からなる群より選ばれる1種以上である請求項10に記載の活物質の製造方法。
- 前記活性化処理剤の溶融開始温度が700℃以下である、請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の活物質の製造方法。
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| WO2025204704A1 (ja) * | 2024-03-28 | 2025-10-02 | 住友化学株式会社 | リサイクル正極活物質の製造方法 |
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| JP7394267B1 (ja) * | 2022-08-31 | 2023-12-07 | 住友化学株式会社 | 正極活物質の製造方法 |
| WO2024048590A1 (ja) * | 2022-08-31 | 2024-03-07 | 住友化学株式会社 | 正極活物質の製造方法 |
| KR20250056923A (ko) * | 2022-08-31 | 2025-04-28 | 스미또모 가가꾸 가부시끼가이샤 | 정극 활물질의 제조 방법 |
| WO2024048573A1 (ja) * | 2022-08-31 | 2024-03-07 | 住友化学株式会社 | 正極活物質の製造方法 |
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| JP7697481B2 (ja) * | 2023-03-06 | 2025-06-24 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Na含有酸化物の製造方法、及び、Na含有酸化物 |
| JP7627373B1 (ja) * | 2024-03-28 | 2025-02-05 | 住友化学株式会社 | リサイクル正極活物質の製造方法 |
| JP7634746B1 (ja) | 2024-03-28 | 2025-02-21 | 住友化学株式会社 | リサイクル正極活物質の製造方法 |
| JP7634748B1 (ja) * | 2024-03-28 | 2025-02-21 | 住友化学株式会社 | リサイクル正極活物質の製造方法 |
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