WO2004089314A1 - 歯科用接着剤および歯科用充填剤 - Google Patents
歯科用接着剤および歯科用充填剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2004089314A1 WO2004089314A1 PCT/JP2004/005080 JP2004005080W WO2004089314A1 WO 2004089314 A1 WO2004089314 A1 WO 2004089314A1 JP 2004005080 W JP2004005080 W JP 2004005080W WO 2004089314 A1 WO2004089314 A1 WO 2004089314A1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K6/00—Preparations for dentistry
- A61K6/70—Preparations for dentistry comprising inorganic additives
- A61K6/71—Fillers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K6/00—Preparations for dentistry
- A61K6/30—Compositions for temporarily or permanently fixing teeth or palates, e.g. primers for dental adhesives
Definitions
- the present invention relates to dental adhesives and dental fillers.
- This layer acts as a protective layer at the boundary between the living tissue and the artifact to block extraneous stimuli, and at the same time plays an effective role in bonding the dentin with the artifact by adhesion.
- Another effective monomer is 2) Phosphate ester having a phosphate group represented by 2-methacryloyloxyshethyl phosphate (2-MEP) at the terminal or in the molecule.
- Monomer such as 2-methacryloyloxyhydrogenphenylphosphate (Phenyl-P), 10-methacryloyloxydecyldihydrogenphosphate (MDP) (for example, No. 55-30768).
- the dental adhesives described in the above patent gazettes are used for bonding dental materials to restorative materials such as metal-ceramics in the treatment of teeth, but are still insufficient. .
- insufficient adhesive strength or the deterioration of the adhesive layer over time frequently causes troubles due to secondary caries, detachment of prostheses, and often leads to re-treatment.
- dental fillers are also used as dental fillers. Are required to have excellent adhesiveness. However, the adhesiveness of dental fillers to the dentin is still not enough.
- the cause of the above-mentioned secondary caries, particularly dentin caries, is considered as follows.
- the diffusion of the low-molecular-weight functional monomer into the dentin is not sufficient, and a gap is formed between the resin-impregnated layer (resin layer) formed after polymerization and healthy dentin. It is considered that the adhesive layer deteriorates with time due to moisture supplied from the dentin in the gap.
- the adhesive monomer That is, the adhesion with the calcium in the dentin is weak adhesion mainly based on the ionic reaction.
- An object of the present invention is to improve such disadvantages of the conventional dental adhesive and to provide a dental adhesive composition and a dental filler excellent in adhesive strength to tooth material. .
- the dental adhesive composition of the present invention contains the following organic polymer.
- A a (substituted) carpamoyl group-containing unit (B) represented by the following formula (II), and a (substituted) carpamoyl group-containing unit (B) represented by the following formula (II).
- the sum of both units accounts for at least 20 mol% of all units forming the organic polymer.
- (A) / unit (B) is present in a ratio of 0.6Z1.0 to 1.0Z0.6, and the amount of the unit which is smaller in the polymer in both units is 100 mol%.
- the carbon bonded to the (substituted) carboxy group of the unit (A) and the carbon bonded to the (substituted) carbamoyl group of the unit (B) are directly Or an organic polymer that is adjacent via a methylene group or an ethylene group.
- n 0 or 1
- X represents a hydrogen atom, 1 NH 4 , or 1 / mM
- M is a metal atom selected from alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, Zn, and Cd.
- m represents the valence of the metal.
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a Represents a tyl group.
- n 0 or 1
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
- R 3 represents hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group, an aralkyl group or a phosphonooxy group. Shows an alkyl group.
- the dental filler of the present invention contains the organic polymer, a copolymerizable monomer, a filler and a curing agent.
- the (substituted) lipoxyl group is a group consisting of a lipoxyl group and / or a hydrogen atom of one NH 4 , or an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a transition metal, Zn, and Cd.
- a propyloxyl group substituted with a metal atom selected from (Substitution) refers to a strength group or a carpamoyl group in which one of the hydrogens is substituted with an alkyl group, alkenyl group or aralkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
- the inventor of the present invention has studied to solve the problems of the conventional dental adhesive, and as a result, the organic polymer in which the lipoxyl group and the rubamoyl group are present in the vicinity contains metal such as calcium. It is found that it binds tightly to the object that does it. Then, the present invention has been reached from the idea of applying this organic polymer to a dental adhesive.
- substitution described above means having a substituent (including hydrogen).
- the dental adhesive composition of the present invention the organic polymer used for the dental filler, (A),
- the total of both units accounts for at least 20 mol%, preferably at least 40 mol%, more preferably at least 60 mol%, of all units forming the polymer. Among them, it is most preferable that the polymer is composed of only the units (A) and (B), that is, 100 mol%.
- the unit that may be contained in the organic polymer is not particularly limited. Any unit may be included as appropriate. Examples of such a unit include an alkylene unit, a cycloalkylene unit and a unit having an amide bond, which may have an alkyl group, an aromatic group, or an alkyloxycarbonyl group in the side chain. be able to.
- the unit (A) and the unit (B) are such that (A) :( B) is present in the organic polymer in a ratio of 0.6: 1.0 to 1.0: 0.6. is necessary.
- the ratio of the total of the unit (A) and the unit (B) to the total polymer is 20 mol% or more, and (A): (B) is within the above-mentioned necessary range, the following formula (III)
- the carbon bonded to the (substituted) lipoxyl group of the unit (A) and the carbon bonded to the (substituted) carpamoyl group of the unit (B) are directly or via a methylene group or an ethylene group.
- the adjacent structure (C) can be formed efficiently. This structure
- (A): (B) is preferably 0.7: 1.0 to 1.0: 0.7, more preferably 0.8: 1.0 to 1.0: 0.8. It is also preferred that the abundances are the same.
- p 0, 1 or 2
- X represents a hydrogen atom, —NH 4 , or 1 / mM (M is selected from alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, Zn, and Cd.
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group;
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group;
- R 3 represents a carbon atom having 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
- the abundance of the unit (A) and the unit (B) having a smaller abundance in the polymer is defined as 100 mol%, 70 mol% or more, preferably 80% or more, Preferably at least 90%, most preferably at least 100%, of the carbon bonded to the carboxyl group of unit (A) and the carbon bonded to the rubamoyl group of unit (B), directly or via a methylene or ethylene group It must form a combined structure (C).
- unit (A) occupies 40 mol% and unit HB) occupies 30 mol% of all 100 mol% of the units constituting the polymer, the unit abundance is small, The quantity is the basis. At least 70 mol% of the abundance of the unit (HB) (ie, at least 21 mol% in all constituent units) must be adjacent to the unit (A) to form the structure (C). It must be. When the structure (C) is formed in the above amount, the adhesion between the dental adhesive composition and the dental filler using the polymer and the tooth substance becomes strong.
- the organic polymer used in the present invention adopts an irregular existence form in which the structure (C) is present in one part in the polymer and not present at all in the other part.
- the structure (C) is relatively uniformly distributed in the polymer molecular chain by adopting a production method described later or the like.
- This organic polymer is prepared by the method described below.
- the structure (C) is relatively homogeneously dispersed in the polymer molecule.
- one c o oxygen atom of the (substituted) lipoxyl group and a hydrogen atom in the (substituted) rubamoyl group form an intramolecular hydrogen bond. It is thought that the presence of this hydrogen bond increases the acid strength of the olepoxyl group and strongly binds to calcium in the dentin.
- benzoic acid in which there is no bilamoyl group near the lipoxyl group examples include the following.
- the pKa of 2,2-dimethylpropanoylaminobenzoic acid is 5.4
- the pKa of sterically hindered 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoic acid is 4.8.
- the acid strength of 2- 2- (2,2-dimethylpropanoyl) -6-methylbenzoic acid, which has a levamoyl group near the propyloxyl group is increased to 3.9, and the acid strength is increased.
- R 3 is preferably an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, or an aralkyl group from the viewpoint of promoting hydrogen bonding and increasing acid strength.
- the polymerization degree of the organic polymer is preferably 5 or more, more preferably 10 or more, further preferably 50 or more, and most preferably 100 or more.
- the degree of polymerization of the organic polymer is preferably 1.0000 or less from the viewpoint of ease of preparation of the dental adhesive and dental filler and application properties.
- the degree of polymerization means a number average degree of polymerization.
- the organic polymer used for the dental adhesive of the present invention is produced, for example, by the following method.
- a lipoxyl group-containing monomer for example, (meth) acrylic acid
- a lipoxyl group-containing polymer in which at least 20 mol% of the unity constituting the polymer is (meth) acrylic acid unitite. Is manufactured by an ordinary method.
- the obtained polymer having a lipoxyl group is treated with a dehydrating agent, and two adjacent lipoxyl groups are converted to an acid anhydride to obtain a polymer having an acid anhydride group introduced therein.
- the acid anhydride group is subjected to ring-opening addition under known conditions using an amidating agent such as ammonia or an alkylamine to form a monoamidated compound.
- an amidating agent such as ammonia or an alkylamine
- the above formula (III) is used to form a so-called head-to-tail bond at the time of polymerization when forming a structure (C) after polymerizing a monomer having a hydroxyl group such as (meth) acrylic acid. It takes into account that there may be both cases where head-to-tail coupling is performed.
- head-to-tail (tail-to-tail) binding is performed, and when p is 1, head-to-tail binding is performed.
- a polymer is formed by a known method using maleic anhydride, and then the acid anhydride group in the obtained polymer is converted to a known acid using an amidating agent such as ammonia or amine.
- an organic polymer used for the dental adhesive composition and the dental filler of the present invention can also be obtained.
- this organic polymer is synthesized exclusively from a monomer having an acid anhydride group such as maleic anhydride, p in the above structure (C) is 0, that is, a carbon atom bonded to the (substituted) carboxyl group, The carbon atoms bonded to the (substituted) rubamoyl group are always directly bonded in the polymer main chain.
- the maleic anhydride unit is the unit (III) itself. Therefore, the polymer may be a random copolymer as long as maleic anhydride in the polymer is 70% or more. However, when the maleic anhydride content is less than 40 to 70%, it is preferable to form an alternating copolymer in which maleic anhydride moieties are uniformly dispersed in order to uniformly disperse the structure (C).
- the alternating copolymer is obtained by radical polymerization of maleic anhydride and an electron donating monomer.
- An electron-donating monomer is a monomer having a negative e-value, which is an intrinsic value of the monomer.
- aryl monomers such as aryl alcohol, vinyl ether monomers such as methyl vinyl ether and ethyl vinyl ether, cyclic ether monomers such as p-dioxene, vinyl ester monomers such as vinyl acetate, ⁇ -olefins such as propylene, And styrenes.
- the adhesive component of the dental adhesive of the present invention may be composed of only the above organic polymer, but may contain a polymerizable monomer and a hardener in addition to the organic polymer.
- a solution in which the organic polymer is dissolved in an organic solvent can be used for adhesion.
- a polymerizable monomer for example, a solution in which an organic polymer, a curing agent, or the like is dissolved in the polymerizable monomer can be used for adhesion.
- the dental adhesive of the present invention contains the above-mentioned organic polymer, and this organic polymer strongly adheres to the tooth substance and has an affinity for the polymerizable monomer. Therefore, it prevents the polymerizable monomer from penetrating into the dentin, and forms a resin layer on the surface to function as a protective layer that blocks external stimuli.
- the protective layer is less likely to hydrolyze with time and cause a decrease in adhesiveness, and can prevent the composite resin and the prosthesis adhered by the adhesive from falling off for a long time.
- the dental filler of the present invention contains the above organic polymer, a polymerizable monomer, a filler and a curing agent. Fill the dental cavity with such a dental filler and cure it (single amount When the polymerization is performed, the organic polymer is firmly adhered to the teeth, and the polymer formed by polymerization of the monomer is strongly entangled with the organic polymer in a state where the filler is closed. . Therefore, the filler is less likely to fall out of the tooth cavity, and exhibits excellent performance as a dental filler.
- the filler firmly adheres to the tooth without using an adhesive between the tooth and the filler.
- the dental filler of the present invention may be filled.
- any monomer can be used as long as it is generally a polymerizable monomer used for a dental filler.
- polymerizable monomers include bisphenol A dimethacrylate, bisphenol A diglycidyl methacrylate, 2,2-bis (4-methacryloyloxyethoxyphenyl) propane, 2,2-bis (4-methacryloyloxypropoxyphenyl) Aromatic methacrylic acid esters such as propane; ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, neopentyldaricol dimethacrylate, trimethylol lip, and pan trimethacrylate.
- polyfunctional monomers such as functional methacrylates, and monofunctional monomers such as methyl methacrylate and 2-hydroxyethyl methyl acrylate.
- any filler can be used as long as it is a filler usually used for a dental filler. They may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Specific examples of such a filler include silica powder, glass beads, aluminum oxide powder, and quartz powder.
- the filler is preferably surface-treated with a silane coupling agent. The surface treatment with the silane coupling agent can be performed by a known method using a known silane coupling agent.
- the curing agent used in the dental adhesive and the dental filler of the present invention can be used without any particular limitation as long as it can be cured at room temperature for about several minutes. Alone Or a combination of two or more. Examples include combinations of camphorquinone, amine peroxide, P-toluenesulfinic acid peroxide, trialkylboron Z peroxide, and photosensitizers.
- Known curing agents can be used.
- the dental filler of the present invention may contain, if necessary, a polymer such as polymethyl methacrylate, a tackifier, a polymerization accelerator, a polymerization regulator, a polymerization inhibitor, etc., alone or in combination. it can.
- a polymer such as polymethyl methacrylate, a tackifier, a polymerization accelerator, a polymerization regulator, a polymerization inhibitor, etc., alone or in combination. it can.
- the mixing ratio in the dental filler of the present invention is appropriately selected according to the use form, and is not particularly limited. However, for example, 40 to 90% by mass of the filler, 2 to 20% by mass of the organic polymer, 5 to 55% by mass of the polymerizable monomer, 0 to 10% by mass of polymethyl methacrylate, and a curing agent Can be in the range of 0.5 to 5 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the polymerizable monomer.
- the solvent and Z or the polymerizable monomer contain the organic polymer in an amount of 2% by mass or more. What was made can be used as an adhesive.
- the solvent any solvent can be used if necessary, and examples thereof include ethanol, ethyl ether, chloroform, methylene dichloride, acetone, and methyl ethyl ketone. They may be used alone or in combination.
- a curing agent is preferably contained.
- the polymerizable monomer and the curing agent those exemplified in the section of the filler composition can be used as they are.
- solution B in which 1% by weight of camphorquinone was added to a 1: 1 mixture of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate based on the total amount of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate was added.
- solution B in which 1% by weight of camphorquinone was added to a 1: 1 mixture of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate based on the total amount of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate was added.
- solution B in which 1% by weight of camphorquinone was added to a 1: 1 mixture of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate based on the total amount of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and methyl methacrylate was added.
- Polymerized monomer 2,2-bis (4- (2-hydroxy-3-methacryloyloxypropoxy) phenyl) propane: 40 parts by mass, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate: 27 parts by mass, polymerization initiator 0.2 as camphor quinone W
- ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate Parts by weight and 0.2 parts by weight of ethyl 4-dimethylaminobenzoate, and 10 parts by weight of the organic polymer A prepared in Example 1 and a polymerization initiator were further added to the polymerizable monomer to prepare a matrix monomer. .
- a filler 100 parts by mass of silane-treated fine silica powder and the matrix monomer were placed in an agate mortar and kneaded thoroughly at a location to obtain a uniform paste, thereby preparing a dental composite resin.
- Example 2 In the same manner as in Example 1, enamel or dentin was exposed, immersed in water for at least one day, and then wiped to remove bovine teeth. A silicone rubber mold having an inner diameter of 5.0 mm and a height of 2.0 mm is placed on the exposed enamel or dentin of the bovine teeth, and the dental composite resin obtained above is placed on the dentin. The test piece was obtained by injecting it into the upper part and irradiating light to cure it. These specimens were left in a thermostat at 37 ° C and a relative humidity of 100% for 24 hours.
- Example 1 14.8 ⁇ 2.0 1 1.2 ⁇ 2.6
- the adhesive of Comparative Example 1 using MET-A shows a certain degree of adhesiveness with enamel 12. IMP a and target dentin 8.1 MPa, but it is still not Not enough. On the other hand, it can be seen that the adhesive of the present invention exhibits excellent adhesiveness to enamel and dentin.
- the present invention provides a dental adhesive composition and a dental filler that show a strong bond to the tooth substance. According to the present invention, it has become possible to provide a dental adhesive composition and a dental filler exhibiting unprecedented high adhesive strength. Further, the protective layer formed by the dental adhesive of the present invention is hydrolyzed with time to cause a decrease in adhesiveness. It is extremely effective in dental treatment,
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Dental Preparations (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP04726629A EP1611875A1 (en) | 2003-04-09 | 2004-04-08 | Dental adhesive and dental filler |
| US10/552,250 US20060241206A1 (en) | 2003-04-09 | 2004-04-08 | Dental adhesive and dental filler |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003-105437 | 2003-04-09 | ||
| JP2003105437A JP2004307421A (ja) | 2003-04-09 | 2003-04-09 | 歯科用接着剤および歯科用充填剤 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2004089314A1 true WO2004089314A1 (ja) | 2004-10-21 |
Family
ID=33156879
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2004/005080 Ceased WO2004089314A1 (ja) | 2003-04-09 | 2004-04-08 | 歯科用接着剤および歯科用充填剤 |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20060241206A1 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP1611875A1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP2004307421A (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN100340223C (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2004089314A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004331558A (ja) * | 2003-05-07 | 2004-11-25 | Um Dental Co Ltd | 歯科用セメント組成物 |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5661471A (en) * | 1979-10-24 | 1981-05-26 | Lion Corp | Adhesive composition for dental use |
| JP2000204124A (ja) * | 1998-11-12 | 2000-07-25 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | 有機重合体およびその製造方法並びに該有機重合体と無機化合物との複合体および該複合体の製造方法 |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS52113089A (en) * | 1976-03-17 | 1977-09-21 | Kuraray Co | Dental material |
| US4148988A (en) * | 1977-06-28 | 1979-04-10 | Mitsui Petrochemical Industries Ltd. | Curable composition |
| JPS59135272A (ja) * | 1983-01-21 | 1984-08-03 | Kuraray Co Ltd | 接着剤 |
| GB8428523D0 (en) * | 1984-11-12 | 1984-12-19 | Ici Plc | Oral hygiene composition |
| US5055046A (en) * | 1990-09-20 | 1991-10-08 | Isp Investments Inc. | Bioadhesive composition |
| US5270351A (en) * | 1992-06-15 | 1993-12-14 | American Dental Association Health Foundation | Adhesion-promoting agents incorporating polyvalent cations |
| US5369145A (en) * | 1993-06-14 | 1994-11-29 | Block Drug Company | Denture adhesive |
| US5442038A (en) * | 1993-10-06 | 1995-08-15 | Srchem, Inc. | Polymers of maleic acid with amines |
| JP3542683B2 (ja) * | 1996-03-25 | 2004-07-14 | デンツプライ三金株式会社 | 歯科用セメント組成物 |
| CN1073407C (zh) * | 1996-08-26 | 2001-10-24 | 华西医科大学 | 一种非调和型口腔粘接剂 |
| KR20000057145A (ko) * | 1996-11-22 | 2000-09-15 | 카흐홀즈 트라우델, 귀틀라인 파울 | 가스상 수화물 형성 억제용 첨가제 |
| DE19704293A1 (de) * | 1997-02-05 | 1998-08-06 | Basf Ag | Zahnprothesenhaftmittel |
| JP4305594B2 (ja) * | 2000-11-28 | 2009-07-29 | 株式会社トクヤマ | 歯科用接着キット |
| US7101942B2 (en) * | 2001-01-19 | 2006-09-05 | Ivoclar Vivadent Ag | Dental materials based on metal oxide clusters |
| AU2002331604B2 (en) * | 2001-08-15 | 2007-07-26 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Hardenable self-supporting structures and methods |
-
2003
- 2003-04-09 JP JP2003105437A patent/JP2004307421A/ja active Pending
-
2004
- 2004-04-08 CN CNB2004800088958A patent/CN100340223C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-04-08 WO PCT/JP2004/005080 patent/WO2004089314A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2004-04-08 EP EP04726629A patent/EP1611875A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-04-08 US US10/552,250 patent/US20060241206A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5661471A (en) * | 1979-10-24 | 1981-05-26 | Lion Corp | Adhesive composition for dental use |
| JP2000204124A (ja) * | 1998-11-12 | 2000-07-25 | Nippon Shokubai Co Ltd | 有機重合体およびその製造方法並びに該有機重合体と無機化合物との複合体および該複合体の製造方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| ONODA A. ET AL.: "Haii sanso genshi eno NH ...O suiso ketsugo o motsu karubokirato polymer to phosphoric acid celcium kessho no ketsugo", POLYMER PREPRINTS, vol. 49, no. 5, 2000, JAPAN, pages 892, XP002984693 * |
| UEYAMA N. ET AL: "Secure binding of alternately amidated poly(acrylate) to crystalline calcium carbonate by NH...O hydrogen bond", MACROMOLECULES, vol. 34, no. 8, 2001, pages 2607 - 2614, XP002984694 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1611875A1 (en) | 2006-01-04 |
| JP2004307421A (ja) | 2004-11-04 |
| CN1767800A (zh) | 2006-05-03 |
| CN100340223C (zh) | 2007-10-03 |
| US20060241206A1 (en) | 2006-10-26 |
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