WO1995019190A1 - Napkin with buffer substance - Google Patents
Napkin with buffer substance Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1995019190A1 WO1995019190A1 PCT/IT1994/000003 IT9400003W WO9519190A1 WO 1995019190 A1 WO1995019190 A1 WO 1995019190A1 IT 9400003 W IT9400003 W IT 9400003W WO 9519190 A1 WO9519190 A1 WO 9519190A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- napkin
- buffer
- adults
- children
- sanitary towel
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000012928 buffer substance Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 210000004392 genitalia Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000337 buffer salt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000000645 desinfectant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- XPFJYKARVSSRHE-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate;2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O.[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O XPFJYKARVSSRHE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- SXFBQAMLJMDXOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+)-hydrogentartrate bitartrate salt Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O.OC(=O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O SXFBQAMLJMDXOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001558 benzoic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000007519 polyprotic acids Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 11
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 7
- 206010040880 Skin irritation Diseases 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000036556 skin irritation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 231100000475 skin irritation Toxicity 0.000 abstract description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KJFMBFZCATUALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenolphthalein Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)O1 KJFMBFZCATUALV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000397 disodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008363 phosphate buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000025865 Ulcer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXBLLCUINBKULX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1.OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WXBLLCUINBKULX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000001217 buttock Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenylcyclopentane Chemical compound C=CC1CCCC1 BEFDCLMNVWHSGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002803 maceration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910000403 monosodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019799 monosodium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].OP(O)([O-])=O AJPJDKMHJJGVTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004334 sorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940075582 sorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010199 sorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036269 ulceration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
- A61L15/46—Deodorants or malodour counteractants, e.g. to inhibit the formation of ammonia or bacteria
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of the napkins for children and adults and/or sanitary towels for ladies, and more in particular concerns napkins and sanitary towels to which a buffer substance is added to keep the surface of the skin at a pH which is physiologically correct, thus preventing the skin irritations.
- the invention seeks to obviate such drawback by providing a napkin capable of adjusting a correct pH, i.e. a pH corresponding to the physiological pH of the skin.
- the inventive step at the base of the invention is that of adding to the napkins for children and adults as well as to the sanitary towels for ladies buffer substances both of the organic and inorganic types.
- the invention is based on experimental data: the urine of the first days has a clearly acid pH (pH 5,5) while the pH increases to 7 in the adult. Such data refers to the just excreted urine.
- Ammonia is present in a considerable concentration both in the adult and in the child and represents about 5% of the nitrogen in the just excreted urine. However, it increases after a short time from the miction due to the oxygen of the air which oxidizes urea to C0 2 and NH 3 . It should not even be excluded that the bacteria have a part in the increase of ammonia since they are in an ideal environment: warm, wet and rich in nitrogenous excretions. Upon changing napkin the odour of ammonia can be usually smelled.
- the buffer substances are salts of polybasic acids or mixtures of weak acids (or bases) and their salts formed of strong bases (or acids) .
- the system is easy: the concentration of hydrogen ions of a solution, i.e. the pH, can be changed by adding an acid or a base. If a buffer is added to the solution, the change ( ⁇ pH) caused by adding an acid or a base is reduced.
- the most common buffers which can be used are mentioned in the following list excluding for obvious reasons the buffer substances having non-physiological pH and those which would be used in a technically wrong way (for example liquid, volatile or toxic buffers) : Citric acid - sodium citrate buffer;
- Monopotassic phosphate - bisodic phosphate buffer Tartaric acid - tartrate salt buffer; Sorbic acid - sorbate salt buffer; Benzoic acid - benzoate salt buffer.
- acids or salts alone can also be used when the action thereof is physiologically compatible: for example, boric acid which is very weak.
- amphoteric substances such as metal hydroxides and/or aminoacids such as glycine.
- Disinfectant buffer salts such as sorbates and benzoates alone or in addition to other buffers can also be used.
- the buffer capability of the solution formed inside the napkin since the amount of solvent, i.e. the urine excreted by the baby, cannot be known even if the amount of salts is known.
- the number of mictions in a baby aged 12 months can be 2-6 to 15-20 per day. Such are the mean values as a lot of babies urinate 30-40 times a day. Generally in the second year of life the number of the mictions drops to 8-10 per day.
- the amount of urine after the first 2 or 3 days is more copious than in the adult in relation to the body surface and the weight. In spite of the variability of such values it is however possible to give an example for approximately calculating the buffer solution, thus providing significant information about the necessary buffer substances.
- T 2,3 C x W x (1-W) .
- X 142 3,69 (g/1)
- a napkin for babies is shown in a top perspective view.
- Such napkin generally indicated at 4 is provided with a window 6 in front of the genital area 8, i.e. the area contacting the genitals of the child, by scoring and raising the fluff 10.
- a buffer powder 12 is distributed in the fluff 10. In such embodiment the choice is fallen on a buffer powder consisting of citric acid-sodium citrate.
- a 0,6% ammonia solution is poured to that zone. Initially a colour change to red of the phenolphthalein is provided. After 5 minutes the red colour disappears due to the buffer stabilizing the pH to the desired level, namely just acid.
- the problem of the urine is effectively solved by a depth buffer placed within the fluff as described above, the problem of the faeces is conversely solved by placing a buffer at the surface, i.e. a buffer placed directly on the surface of the napkin so as to keep constant the pH of the skin before the excretion of the faeces.
- the buffer substance can preferably be chosen among creamy or powdered substances allowing a buffer coat to be laid off on the surface of the napkin contacting the skin of the baby.
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
A napkin for children and adults and/or a sanitary towel for ladies is disclosed to which a buffer substance is added to keep a physiologically correct pH on the surface of the skin for preventing the skin irritations due to the contact with faeces and urine. The buffer substances are placed within the fluff and/or on the surface of the napkin contacting the genitals of the user. Several buffer substances both of the organic and inorganic types as well as disinfectant buffer salts are indicated.
Description
DESCRIPTION Napkin with buffer substance
Technical field
The present invention relates to the field of the napkins for children and adults and/or sanitary towels for ladies, and more in particular concerns napkins and sanitary towels to which a buffer substance is added to keep the surface of the skin at a pH which is physiologically correct, thus preventing the skin irritations.
Backcrround art The merits of the napkin as sanitary means are known for some time. It offers to the child the draining of urine and faeces without ruining his clothes and saves the parents the hard work of washing them continuously. Furthermore, as the napkins are disposable items which cannot then be recycled, they are free from any infection danger unlike the old triangular clothes which were not always duly disinfected.
However, besides such undoubted advantages napkins and sanitary towels also have a serious drawback. In fact, as the faeces are absorbed, the change of the napkin by the parents is delayed, thus increasing the medium time of contact between faeces and skin. Such constant and prolonged contact with faeces characterized by a pH which is very different from that of the skin of the child causes the maceration of the skin with reddening and ulceration of buttocks and genitals of the baby.
Disclosure of the invention
The invention seeks to obviate such drawback by providing a napkin capable of adjusting a correct pH, i.e. a pH corresponding to the physiological pH of the skin. The inventive step at the base of the invention is that of adding to the napkins for children and adults as well as to the sanitary towels for ladies buffer substances both of the organic and inorganic types. The invention is based on experimental data: the urine of the first days has a clearly acid pH (pH 5,5) while the pH increases to 7 in the adult. Such data refers to the just excreted urine.
Ammonia is present in a considerable concentration both in the adult and in the child and represents about 5% of the nitrogen in the just excreted urine. However, it increases after a short time from the miction due to the oxygen of the air which oxidizes urea to C02 and NH3. It should not even be excluded that the bacteria have a part in the increase of ammonia since they are in an ideal environment: warm, wet and rich in nitrogenous excretions. Upon changing napkin the odour of ammonia can be usually smelled.
Under these conditions the napkins irritates the skin of the baby since the urine is highly alkaline. It is known that the addition of buffer substances capable of neutralizing the acid and basic influences stabilizes the pH.
Generally the buffer substances are salts of polybasic acids or mixtures of weak acids (or bases) and their salts formed of strong bases (or acids) . The system is easy: the
concentration of hydrogen ions of a solution, i.e. the pH, can be changed by adding an acid or a base. If a buffer is added to the solution, the change (ΔpH) caused by adding an acid or a base is reduced. The most common buffers which can be used are mentioned in the following list excluding for obvious reasons the buffer substances having non-physiological pH and those which would be used in a technically wrong way (for example liquid, volatile or toxic buffers) : Citric acid - sodium citrate buffer;
Monopotassic phosphate - bisodic phosphate buffer; Tartaric acid - tartrate salt buffer; Sorbic acid - sorbate salt buffer; Benzoic acid - benzoate salt buffer. Of course, acids or salts alone can also be used when the action thereof is physiologically compatible: for example, boric acid which is very weak. Furthermore, amphoteric substances such as metal hydroxides and/or aminoacids such as glycine. Disinfectant buffer salts such as sorbates and benzoates alone or in addition to other buffers can also be used. The "buffer capability" is given by the buffer value T = 1/V x dN/dpH, where V is the volume of the solution in litres and N is the added amount of acid or base in equivalents.
In the present case it is rather difficult to exactly calculate the buffer capability of the solution formed inside the napkin since the amount of solvent, i.e. the urine excreted by the baby, cannot be known even if the amount of salts is known. It should be appreciated that
the number of mictions in a baby aged 12 months can be 2-6 to 15-20 per day. Such are the mean values as a lot of babies urinate 30-40 times a day. Generally in the second year of life the number of the mictions drops to 8-10 per day. The amount of urine after the first 2 or 3 days is more copious than in the adult in relation to the body surface and the weight. In spite of the variability of such values it is however possible to give an example for approximately calculating the buffer solution, thus providing significant information about the necessary buffer substances.
EXAMPLE 1 We assume that a baby aged two produces 600 cc of urine per day and that three napkin changes a day are provided (failing estimate) . 600/3=200 cc of urine per napkin are provided.
In the hypothesis of using a phosphate buffer it is possible to calculate how many grams of sodium dihydrogenphosphate and sodium monohydrogenphosphate should be dissolved in 200 cc of solution to obtain a solution having a pH chosen at random, for example 6,40, and a buffer value also chosen at random, for example 0,05. Concentration = C = 0,05/23 x (l+10PKa_PH)2 / l0PKa_PH = = 0,0217 x (1+100'81)2 / 100'81 = 0,0217 X 55,6/6,456 = = 0,186 moles/1.
Additionally, indicating at T the buffer value and at W the fraction present as acid, T = 2,3 C x W x (1-W) . After calculation: W = 10PKa_PH / 1 + 10PKa_PH,
i.e. in the present case: w = !θO,81 / l + 100'81 = 6,456 /7,456 = 0,86.
Therefore:
C(acid) = H2P04~ = W x C = 0,86 x 0,186 = 0,16 moles/1 of acid
C(base) = HP04 2_ = (1-W) x C = 0,14 X 0,186 = 0,0026 moles/1 of base.
Finally, as the molar weights of NaH2P0 and Na2HP04 are
120 g/mole and 142 g/mole, respectively: 0,16 x 120 = 19,2(g/l) X 0,2 = 3,84 g of NaH2P04
0,026 X 142 = 3,69 (g/1) X 0,2 = 0,738 g of Na2HP04, i.e. 3,84 + 0,738 = 4,578 g of powdered buffer phosphate has to be introduced into a napkin.
In the sole accompanying drawing there is shown by way of a non-limitative example a preferred embodiment of the napkin according to the invention.
A napkin for babies is shown in a top perspective view.
Such napkin generally indicated at 4 is provided with a window 6 in front of the genital area 8, i.e. the area contacting the genitals of the child, by scoring and raising the fluff 10. A buffer powder 12 is distributed in the fluff 10. In such embodiment the choice is fallen on a buffer powder consisting of citric acid-sodium citrate.
The effectiveness of the invention has been proven directly in laboratory, after the napkin is closed, by depositing at the buffer zone of the napkin a liquid coat of a 1% phenolphthalein solution.
A 0,6% ammonia solution is poured to that zone. Initially a colour change to red of the phenolphthalein is provided. After 5 minutes the red colour disappears due to the
buffer stabilizing the pH to the desired level, namely just acid.
If the problem of the urine is effectively solved by a depth buffer placed within the fluff as described above, the problem of the faeces is conversely solved by placing a buffer at the surface, i.e. a buffer placed directly on the surface of the napkin so as to keep constant the pH of the skin before the excretion of the faeces. In this case, the buffer substance can preferably be chosen among creamy or powdered substances allowing a buffer coat to be laid off on the surface of the napkin contacting the skin of the baby.
Claims
1. A napkin and/or sanitary towel for children and adults characterized in that there are incorporated buffer substances such as to keep the pH of the surface of the skin physiologically correct.
2. The napkin and/or sanitary towel for children and adults of the preceding claim characterized in that said buffer substances are placed within the fluff and/or on the surface of the napkin contacting the genitals of the user.
3. The napkin and/or sanitary towel for children and adults of the preceding claims characterized in that said buffer substances are salts of polybasic acids or mixtures of weak acids (or bases) with their salts formed of strong bases (or acids) both of the organic and inorganic type.
4. The napkin and/or sanitary towel for children and adults of the preceding claims characterized in that said buffer substances are in form of granules.
5. The napkin and/or sanitary towel for children and adults of the preceding claims characterized in that said buffer substances are in creamy or emulsified form.
6. The napkin and/or sanitary towel for children and adults of the preceding claims characterized in that a buffer powder consisting of citric acid-sodium citrate is used as buffer substance.
7. The napkin and/or sanitary towel for children and adults of claims 1 to 5 characterized in that a buffer formed of monopotassic phosphate-bisodic phosphate is used as buffer substance.
8. The napkin and/or sanitary towel for children and adults of claims 1 to 5 characterized in that a buffer formed of tartaric acid-tartrate salt is used as buffer substance.
9. The napkin and/or sanitary towel for children and adults of claims 1 to 5 characterized in that buffer salts having disinfectant action such as sorbates and benzoates alone or in addition to other buffers are used.
10. The napkin and/or sanitary towel for children and adults of claims 1 and 2 characterized in that an acid and/or an extremely weak salt is used as buffer substance.
11. The napkin and/or sanitary towel for children and adults of claims 1 and 2 characterized in that an amphoteric substance is used as buffer substance.
12. The napkin and/or sanitary towel for children and adults of claims 1 and 2 characterized in that an aminoacid is used as buffer substance.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU60440/94A AU6044094A (en) | 1994-01-17 | 1994-01-17 | Napkin with buffer substance |
| PCT/IT1994/000003 WO1995019190A1 (en) | 1994-01-17 | 1994-01-17 | Napkin with buffer substance |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IT1994/000003 WO1995019190A1 (en) | 1994-01-17 | 1994-01-17 | Napkin with buffer substance |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1995019190A1 true WO1995019190A1 (en) | 1995-07-20 |
Family
ID=11332165
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IT1994/000003 WO1995019190A1 (en) | 1994-01-17 | 1994-01-17 | Napkin with buffer substance |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| AU (1) | AU6044094A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1995019190A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2001039582A1 (en) * | 1999-12-02 | 2001-06-07 | Sca Hygiene Products Ab | Use of a buffer to prevent candida albicans infections on the skin |
| US6749860B2 (en) | 2000-12-22 | 2004-06-15 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Absorbent articles with non-aqueous compositions containing botanicals |
| US6756520B1 (en) | 2000-10-20 | 2004-06-29 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Hydrophilic compositions for use on absorbent articles to enhance skin barrier |
| US7771735B2 (en) | 2000-12-22 | 2010-08-10 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Absorbent articles with compositions for reducing irritation response |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE570673A (en) * | ||||
| GB727631A (en) * | 1953-04-20 | 1955-04-06 | Wallco Ab | Absorbent articles intended for surgical, dental and sanitary purposes |
| GB1517043A (en) * | 1974-06-12 | 1978-07-05 | Personal Products Co | Diaper treated to inhibit conditions arising from microbial production of ammonia |
| GB2107192A (en) * | 1981-10-05 | 1983-04-27 | Univ Delaware | Tampon treated to inhibit pathogenic bacteria |
| EP0130356A1 (en) * | 1983-06-03 | 1985-01-09 | Vereinigte Papierwerke AG | Tampons having a protective effect against vaginal infections, and method of making them |
| DE4136540A1 (en) * | 1990-11-09 | 1992-05-14 | American Israeli Paper Mills | Disposable diaper - has lining layer of liq.-permeable material contg. lubricant, pH reducing agent, disinfectant, etc. to combat skin irritation and dermatitis |
| EP0564307A1 (en) * | 1992-04-03 | 1993-10-06 | Shalom Levi | Antiskin rash preparation |
-
1994
- 1994-01-17 AU AU60440/94A patent/AU6044094A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-01-17 WO PCT/IT1994/000003 patent/WO1995019190A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE570673A (en) * | ||||
| GB727631A (en) * | 1953-04-20 | 1955-04-06 | Wallco Ab | Absorbent articles intended for surgical, dental and sanitary purposes |
| GB1517043A (en) * | 1974-06-12 | 1978-07-05 | Personal Products Co | Diaper treated to inhibit conditions arising from microbial production of ammonia |
| GB2107192A (en) * | 1981-10-05 | 1983-04-27 | Univ Delaware | Tampon treated to inhibit pathogenic bacteria |
| EP0130356A1 (en) * | 1983-06-03 | 1985-01-09 | Vereinigte Papierwerke AG | Tampons having a protective effect against vaginal infections, and method of making them |
| DE4136540A1 (en) * | 1990-11-09 | 1992-05-14 | American Israeli Paper Mills | Disposable diaper - has lining layer of liq.-permeable material contg. lubricant, pH reducing agent, disinfectant, etc. to combat skin irritation and dermatitis |
| EP0564307A1 (en) * | 1992-04-03 | 1993-10-06 | Shalom Levi | Antiskin rash preparation |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2001039582A1 (en) * | 1999-12-02 | 2001-06-07 | Sca Hygiene Products Ab | Use of a buffer to prevent candida albicans infections on the skin |
| US6756520B1 (en) | 2000-10-20 | 2004-06-29 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Hydrophilic compositions for use on absorbent articles to enhance skin barrier |
| US6749860B2 (en) | 2000-12-22 | 2004-06-15 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Absorbent articles with non-aqueous compositions containing botanicals |
| US7771735B2 (en) | 2000-12-22 | 2010-08-10 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Absorbent articles with compositions for reducing irritation response |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU6044094A (en) | 1995-08-01 |
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