US20080216442A1 - Roofing system - Google Patents
Roofing system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20080216442A1 US20080216442A1 US12/068,017 US6801708A US2008216442A1 US 20080216442 A1 US20080216442 A1 US 20080216442A1 US 6801708 A US6801708 A US 6801708A US 2008216442 A1 US2008216442 A1 US 2008216442A1
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- Prior art keywords
- tiles
- ridge
- header
- flange
- batten
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 25
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920006248 expandable polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005570 flexible polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006327 polystyrene foam Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 terracotta Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
- E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
- E04D1/34—Fastenings for attaching roof-covering elements to the supporting elements
- E04D1/3402—Fastenings for attaching roof-covering elements to the supporting elements for ridge or roofhip tiles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to methods and systems for fitting and/or fixing ridge cap tiles to tiled roofs, such as those found on domestic and commercial dwellings.
- Tiled roofs such as those found on many buildings, including domestic dwellings, are normally constructed with tiles laid in rows on battens that are fixed to the roof frame structure. Each row of tiles is typically referred to as a ‘course’. Adjacent courses are overlapped to effectively weatherproof the roof.
- Adjoining surfaces of pitched roofs are connected by a transition, typically either in the form of a valley (i.e. a V-shaped transition) or a ridge (i.e. a A-shaped transition).
- a transition typically either in the form of a valley (i.e. a V-shaped transition) or a ridge (i.e. a A-shaped transition).
- ridge cap tiles a number of capping tiles known as “ridge cap tiles” are usually fitted over a ridge.
- the ridge cap tiles curve downwardly and overlap with the top or header course of tiles on either side of the ridge with the sides of the ridge cap tile spaced from the top of the header course of tiles by a few millimeters or centimeters.
- Adjacent ridge cap tiles are overlapped along the length of the ridge to assist in weatherproofing the roof.
- Tiled roofs of this type are known for their durability.
- a bed of cement is usually laid on the header course of tiles on either side of the ridge and the ridge cap tiles are bedded into the cement.
- the cement bed primarily supports the ridge cap tiles and normally only provides minimal adhesion between the ridge cap tiles and the header course tiles.
- the ridge cap tiles are typically then pointed by filling the space between the sides of the ridge cap tiles and the header course tiles with a pointing material, such as mortar or commercially available pointing materials such as RoofbondTM, RidgebondTM, AcrylocTM, Flexi-pointTM or TilepointTM which are relatively flexible polymer containing mortars. The pointing prevents entry of rain, wind, and vermin into the roof space and also provides an aesthetically pleasing finish.
- the present invention provides a method for capping a ridge line of a tiled roof with one or more ridge cap tiles, said ridge line bound on respective sides by first and second header courses of roof tiles, the method including:
- the method may include fixing one or more of the ridge cap tiles to a flange.
- the present invention also provides a ridge capping system suitable for capping a ridge line of a tiled roof with one or more ridge cap tiles, said ridge line bound on respective sides by first and second header courses of roof tiles, the system including:
- the system may further include means for fixing one or more of the ridge cap tiles to a flange.
- the first and second flanges may be part of first and second battens respectively. Said first and second battens may be fixed to the first and second courses of header tiles respectively such that each flange extends upwardly from each course of header tiles when the batten is fitted thereto.
- the present invention also provides a batten for use in a ridge capping system of the present invention.
- the present invention also provides a roof structure formed by the method of the present invention.
- the present invention further provides a roof structure containing a ridge capping system of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic part cross sectional view of a ridge line section of a tiled roof showing a prior art method of fixing ridge cap tiles;
- FIG. 2 is schematic part cross sectional view of a ridge line section of a tiled roof that is similar to the view of FIG. 1 but showing a ridge capping system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is an isometric view of a batten suitable for use in a ridge capping system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 4 is an isometric view of a batten suitable for use in a ridge capping system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 5 is a partial isometric view of part of a ridge capping system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention fitted to one side of a ridge line of a tiled roof;
- FIG. 6 is an end view of a course of roof tiles with a batten suitable for use in a ridge capping system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention fixed thereto;
- FIG. 7 is a partial isometric view of part of a ridge capping system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention fitted along a gable ridge line of a tiled roof.
- FIG. 1 Illustrated in FIG. 1 is a prior art tiled roofing arrangement in which one or more ridge cap tiles 20 are bedded into a cement bed 22 and pointed with pointing material 24 .
- the roofing arrangement comprises a standard roofing frame structure 26 which includes rafters 28 which are fastened to a ridge beam 30 .
- a number of rows of battens 32 (only two are shown in cross section in FIG. 1 ) are fixed across the rafters 28 .
- the battens 32 support rows of roof tiles 34 .
- the roof tiles 34 are laid in courses across the roof with adjacent tiles in each course and adjacent courses overlapping.
- the particular roof structure shown in FIG. 1 is a ridge line 36 which is bound on respective sides by first 38 and second 40 header courses of roof tiles 34 .
- the ridge cap tiles 20 are positioned over and cover the ridge line 36 .
- the ridge cap tiles 20 curve downwardly and overlap with the header courses 38 and 40 on either side of the ridge.
- the sides 42 of the ridge cap tiles 20 are spaced from the top of the header courses 38 and 40 by a few millimeters or centimeters (depending on the thickness of the cement bed) and the space between the sides 42 and the header courses 38 and 40 are filled with the pointing material 24 .
- the ridge cap tiles 20 that are shown in FIG. 1 have a curved profile, but ridge cap tiles having other profiles, such as an inverted V-shape, are also commonly used. Roof constructions of the type illustrated in FIG. 1 are commonly used throughout Australia and other countries.
- FIG. 2 Illustrated in FIG. 2 is a tiled roofing arrangement that is similar in some aspects to the roof structure that is illustrated in FIG. 1 , except that FIG. 2 shows a ridge capping system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
- the ridge capping system is suitable for capping a ridge line 36 of a tiled roof with one or more ridge cap tiles 20 .
- the ridge line 36 is bound on respective sides by first 38 and second 40 header courses of roof tiles.
- the cement bed 22 of the prior art construction illustrated in FIG. 1 is replaced with first 44 and second 46 flanges that extend upwardly from said first 38 and second 40 courses of header tiles respectively.
- flanges 44 and 46 When considering the function of the flanges 44 and 46 (as described in more detail below) it will be evident that they need not extend upwardly at right angles to the first 38 and second 40 courses of header tiles but they could extend upwardly at any suitable angle.
- One or more ridge cap tiles 20 are fitted over the ridge line 36 and between the flanges 44 and 46 such that a flange is adjacent a respective side 42 of the ridge cap tiles 20 .
- the ridge line 36 may be a horizontal ridge line, such as the one shown in FIG. 5 , or it may be an angled or “gable” ridge line 36 , such as the one shown in FIG. 7 .
- the header course 38 of roof tiles 34 is aligned parallel to the ridge beam 30 whilst in the gable ridge line the tile 34 on the header courses 38 and 40 are angled with respect to the ridge beam 30 . It will be appreciated in the latter case that the ridge line 36 is still bound on respective sides by first 38 and second 40 header courses of roof tiles.
- the roof tiles and/or the ridge cap tiles may be cement, terracotta, plastic, foam or metal tiles.
- the invention may be suitable for roof tiles having a shaped cross section (such as a wave, corrugated, barrel, etc. profile), or flat roof tiles.
- the first and second flanges 44 and 46 are positioned on the first 38 and second 40 courses of header tiles respectively such that each flange extends upwardly from its respective course of header tiles.
- One or more ridge cap tiles 20 are fitted over the ridge line 36 and between the first and second flanges 44 and 46 such that each flange is adjacent a respective side 42 of the ridge cap tiles.
- the steps of positioning the flanges 44 and 46 on the first 38 and second 40 courses of header tiles and fitting the ridge cap tile(s) 20 between the first and second flanges may be carried out separately or in one operation.
- the flanges 44 and 46 may be positioned on the first 38 and second 40 courses of header tiles by fitting the flanges thereto or the flanges 44 and 46 may be integral with the roof tiles used in the header courses 38 and 40 . In the latter case, the flanges 44 and 46 may be attached to respective sides 42 of the ridge cap tiles 20 or the flanges may be formed integrally with the ridge cap tiles 20 .
- the ridge cap tiles 20 span between the flanges 44 and 46 with the flanges holding the ridge cap tiles 20 in place. As such the flanges 44 and 46 together form a channel into which the ridge cap tiles 20 are fitted. The flanges 44 and 46 therefore help to position or locate the ridge cap tiles 20 over the ridge line 36 . The flanges 44 and 46 extend about half way up the sides 42 of each ridge cap tile 20 .
- ridge cap tiles 20 will be laid along the length of the ridge line 36 , with adjacent ridge cap tiles 20 overlapping one another, as is known in the art.
- a benefit of the present invention is that it eliminates any need to use a bed of cement 22 to locate the ridge cap tiles 20 .
- the system further includes means 52 for fixing one or more of the ridge cap tiles 20 to a flange 44 and/or 46 . It will be appreciated that it may not be necessary to fix all of the ridge cap tiles 20 in a course of ridge cap tiles to a flange 44 or 46 as the overlap between adjacent tiles may be sufficient to hold all of the tiles 20 down. Thus, it may only be necessary to fix every second or third ridge cap tile 20 to a flange 44 or 46 .
- the means 52 for fixing the ridge cap tiles 20 to a flange 44 or 46 may be a fastener, such as a rivet, screw, nail etc that may pass through the flange into a side 42 of a ridge cap tile 20 .
- the means 52 for fixing the ridge cap tiles 20 to a flange 44 or 46 may be a suitable adhesive, such as construction adhesive, which is run onto an underside or side of the ridge cap tiles 20 and adheres to the flanges. 44 or 46 .
- the ridge cap tiles 20 may have engagement means configured to engage with a respective flange 44 or 46 when the ridge cap tile 20 is fitted between the flanges 44 and 46 .
- the engagement means may be a protrusion or tab section that extends from one or more of the sides and/or bottom surface of the ridge cap tiles 20 . The latter embodiment may be particularly suitable for use with metal ridge cap tiles.
- the means 52 for fixing the ridge cap tiles 20 to a flange 44 or 46 is pointing material 54 .
- the pointing material is coated over each flange 44 or 46 and side 42 of the ridge cap tiles 20 .
- Commonly used pointing materials such as ShieldcoatTM, RoofbondTM, RidgebondTM, AcrylocTM, Flexi-pointTM or TilepointTM tend to provide excellent adhesion between the ridge cap tile material (typically cement or terracotta) and the flange 44 or 46 .
- An advantage of the roofing system of the present invention is that it enables the construction of roofs having a C3 wind rating. To achieve a C3 wind rating, it may be necessary for the pointing material 54 to be ShieldcoatTM or Ridgetraxx Flexible PointingTM, or equivalent material.
- the flanges 44 or 46 may be formed in any suitable manner.
- the roof tiles that are used in the header courses 38 and 40 could incorporate a flange 44 or 46 into the actual tile structure.
- an upper surface of the roof tiles used in the header courses may have a flange integrally formed on it, such that when the header course 38 or 40 is assembled the flanges on individual roof tiles align to form a flange 44 or 46 that extends along the length of the header course 38 or 40 .
- the ridge cap tiles 20 may have a flange 44 or 46 integrally formed with, or otherwise fitted to, a side 42 of the tile such that when the ridge cap tiles 20 are positioned over a ridge line 36 the flanges 44 and 46 contact the header courses of tile 38 and 40 .
- first 44 and second 46 flanges are part of first 50 and second 51 battens respectively.
- the first 44 and second 46 flanges may be attached to, or integrally formed with, first 50 and second 51 battens respectively.
- the first 50 and second 51 battens are fixed to the first 38 and second 40 courses of header tiles respectively such that each flange 44 or 46 extends upwardly from each course of header tiles when the batten 50 or 51 is fitted thereto.
- each batten 50 or 51 also includes a fixing surface 56 suitable for fixing the batten 50 or 51 to the header course 38 or 40 of roof tiles. As best seen in FIGS. 3 and 4 , the fixing surface 56 is substantially perpendicular to, and extends to one side, of the flange 44 (or 46 ). More specifically, each batten 50 and 51 is L-shaped in cross section.
- the fixing surface 56 may be a web of material, such as a mesh material or a perforated material.
- the use of mesh or perforated materials may be advantageous because they are light weight and the perforations or spaces in the mesh or perforated material also make it easy to insert fasteners such as rivets through the battens in order to fix the battens to the roof tiles. Furthermore, the perforations or spaces in the mesh material allow pointing material to adhere efficiently to the battens.
- the battens 50 and 51 may be formed from any relatively rigid material. We have found that battens formed from a metal, such as aluminum, are suitable. A benefit of battens formed from aluminum is that they are light weight, relatively inexpensive, are easily cut, and can be bent into different configurations to suit particular needs.
- the first 50 and second 51 battens are fixed on the first 38 and second 40 courses of header tiles respectively.
- the battens are elongate and are fitted along the length of each course of header tiles.
- the battens 50 and 51 do not need to extend along the full length of each header course.
- the roof cap tiles are pointed with a pointing material it may be beneficial for the battens to extend along the length of each header course as the flange 44 or 46 of each batten 50 or 51 provides a surface onto which the pointing material is applied which makes application of the pointing material easier and quicker.
- each batten 50 or 51 is in a face to face arrangement with the tiles in a respective header course 38 or 40 .
- the fixing surface 56 may be fixed to the surface of the header course tiles 38 and 40 using any suitable fastener or adhesive.
- any suitable fastener or adhesive For example, construction adhesive, pointing material, mortar or cement could be used between the fixing surface 56 and the tile surface to fix each batten 50 or 51 to a respective header course 38 or 40 .
- fasteners such as screws, rivets, bolts, nails etc, is beneficial because they provide for a relatively quick method of fixing the battens 50 and 51 to the header course of tiles 38 and 40 .
- the battens 50 and 51 are fixed to the respective header course 38 and 40 using rivets 60 which are driven through the top of the fixing surface 56 into the body of the roof tile 34 .
- the battens 50 and 51 may be riveted at a number of places spaced out along the length of each batten.
- FIG. 5 shows a batten 50 fixed to a first header course 38 of tiles in this way.
- Pointing material is then applied to the sides 42 of the ridge cap tiles 20 in the normal way.
- Suitable pointing materials that can be used include ShieldcoatTM, RoofbondTM, RidgebondTM, AcrylocTM, Flexi-pointTM, TilepointTM, Ridgetraxx Flexible PointingTM, and equivalent material. These materials are mortar based materials that contain a polymer component. These materials adhere very well to the sides 42 of the ridge cap tiles 20 and also to the flange 44 or 46 (particularly when the flange is formed from a mesh or perforated material). By using pointing materials having such good adhesion, the ridge cap tiles 20 end up being firmly adhered to the flanges 44 or 46 which are, in turn, fixed to the roof tiles in the header course 38 or 40 .
- a groove may be ground or otherwise cut into one or more of the tiles in the header course 38 or 40 .
- the groove may be adjacent the flange 44 or 46 .
- some of the material extends into the groove in the roof tiles, thereby increasing the amount of adhesion between the ridge cap tiles and the roof tiles.
- pointing material is also applied to the exposed end of each ridge cap tile 20 so as to form a pointed surface between the end of the ridge cap tile and an upper surface of the adjacent ridge cap tile 20 .
- the mesh material may be fixed to the battens 50 and 51 using a suitable bracket. In this way, the pointing material adheres to the end of the ridge cap tile 20 and to the mesh material and as the latter is connected to the battens 50 and/or 51 , the ends of the ridge cap tiles 20 are effectively adhered to the roof tiles 34 via the battens 50 and/or 51 .
- FIG. 5 shows the roof tiles as flat tiles.
- concrete and terracotta roof tiles have many profiles, many of which have a series of ridges and valleys.
- An example profile is shown in FIG. 6 .
- the battens 50 and 51 will be fixed to an uppermost surface of each tile 34 and there is a gap 62 between the batten 50 and the surface of the roof tile 34 in the valley section of the tile.
- This gap 62 may simply be filled with pointing material when the ridge cap tiles are pointed.
- the gap 62 may be filled with a suitable filler, such as expandable polystyrene foam.
- a tiler may simply move along a length of batten 50 and squirt commercially available self-expanding polystyrene foam into each of the gaps 62 along the length of the batten 50 .
- the expanding foam will expand out from the gaps as it sets so that it protrudes from the sides of each batten 50 and 51 .
- the excess foam can then be cut off with a knife in the usual fashion to leave a relatively porous surface onto which pointing material can be applied when the ridge capping is pointed.
- an appropriately shaped insert of mesh or perforated material may be inserted into the gap 62 such that pointing material can be applied over the insert.
- the flange 44 or 46 and/or batten 50 or 51 may be configured so that it conforms to the shape of the top surface of the profiled roof tiles. When this is done, there is no gap 62 that needs to be filled.
- the battens 50 do not necessarily need to be laid so that they are parallel an edge of the roof tiles 34 in either of the header courses 38 and 40 of tiles.
- the roof tiles 34 in each of the header courses 38 and 40 will be angled with respect to the ridge beam 30 .
- the battens 50 are still laid generally parallel to the ridge beam 30 and therefore, they intersect the roof tiles 34 in each header course 38 and 40 at an angle.
- An advantage of the present invention is that the battens 50 and 51 are fixed along each row of header tiles and they act to distribute any load along the header course, rather than it being localized. In turn, this may lead to a reduction in the amount of cracking in the pointing material.
- the flanges 44 and 46 may also be advantageous to tie the flanges 44 and 46 together at points along the length of the ridge line 36 before fitting the ridge cap tiles 20 .
- the flanges 44 and 46 can be tied together with suitable material (such as wire, tape, etc.) so that the flanges 44 and 46 and the header course of tiles 38 and 40 are unable to separate from each other. This may also prevent cracking of the mortar in the ridge caps.
- the present invention also provides a batten 50 or 51 for use in a ridge capping system as described herein.
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Abstract
Provided is a method for capping a ridge line of a tiled roof with one or more ridge cap tiles. The method includes positioning first and second flanges on first and second courses of header tiles respectively such that each flange extends upwardly from its respective course of header tiles. One or more ridge cap tiles are fitted over said ridge line and between said first and second flanges such that each flange is adjacent a respective side of the ridge cap tiles. A ridge capping system is also provided.
Description
- This application claims priority from Australian provisional patent application No. 2007900482 filed on 1 Feb. 2007, the contents of which are to be taken as incorporated herein by this reference.
- The present invention relates to methods and systems for fitting and/or fixing ridge cap tiles to tiled roofs, such as those found on domestic and commercial dwellings.
- Tiled roofs, such as those found on many buildings, including domestic dwellings, are normally constructed with tiles laid in rows on battens that are fixed to the roof frame structure. Each row of tiles is typically referred to as a ‘course’. Adjacent courses are overlapped to effectively weatherproof the roof.
- Adjoining surfaces of pitched roofs are connected by a transition, typically either in the form of a valley (i.e. a V-shaped transition) or a ridge (i.e. a A-shaped transition). In the case of tiled roofs a number of capping tiles known as “ridge cap tiles” are usually fitted over a ridge. The ridge cap tiles curve downwardly and overlap with the top or header course of tiles on either side of the ridge with the sides of the ridge cap tile spaced from the top of the header course of tiles by a few millimeters or centimeters. Adjacent ridge cap tiles are overlapped along the length of the ridge to assist in weatherproofing the roof. Tiled roofs of this type are known for their durability.
- Before fitting ridge cap tiles over a ridge, a bed of cement is usually laid on the header course of tiles on either side of the ridge and the ridge cap tiles are bedded into the cement. The cement bed primarily supports the ridge cap tiles and normally only provides minimal adhesion between the ridge cap tiles and the header course tiles. The ridge cap tiles are typically then pointed by filling the space between the sides of the ridge cap tiles and the header course tiles with a pointing material, such as mortar or commercially available pointing materials such as Roofbond™, Ridgebond™, Acryloc™, Flexi-point™ or Tilepoint™ which are relatively flexible polymer containing mortars. The pointing prevents entry of rain, wind, and vermin into the roof space and also provides an aesthetically pleasing finish.
- The bedding of ridge cap tiles on cement is labor intensive. Roof tilers need to prepare a bucket load of cement on the ground and then haul it up onto the roof ready for use. To minimize the number of trips down from the roof and back up again, tilers tend to fill each bucket with as much cement as possible. Of course, the cement is heavy and hauling it up onto the roof is difficult. Furthermore, the laying of cement beds is tedious because care needs to be taken not to inadvertently drop or spread wet cement onto the adjacent areas of tile and it also takes some time for the cement bed to set. The use of cement bedding also results in a significant amount of weight being borne by the header course of roof tiles.
- There is a need for methods and systems for fitting and/or fixing ridge cap tiles to roofs that overcomes one or more of the problems associated with known methods and systems.
- Before turning to a summary of the present invention, it must be appreciated that the above description of the prior art has been provided merely as background to explain the context of the invention. It is not to be taken as an admission that any of the material referred to was published or known, or was a part of the common general knowledge.
- The present invention provides a method for capping a ridge line of a tiled roof with one or more ridge cap tiles, said ridge line bound on respective sides by first and second header courses of roof tiles, the method including:
-
- positioning first and second flanges on said first and second courses of header tiles respectively such that each flange extends upwardly from its respective course of header tiles; and
- fitting one or more ridge cap tiles over said ridge line and between said first and second flanges such that each flange is adjacent a respective side of the ridge cap tiles.
- The method may include fixing one or more of the ridge cap tiles to a flange.
- The present invention also provides a ridge capping system suitable for capping a ridge line of a tiled roof with one or more ridge cap tiles, said ridge line bound on respective sides by first and second header courses of roof tiles, the system including:
-
- first and second flanges positioned on said first and second courses of header tiles respectively such that each flange that extends upwardly from its respective course of header tiles; and
- one or more ridge cap tiles fitted over said ridge line and between said first and second flanges such that the flange is adjacent a respective side of the ridge cap tiles.
- The system may further include means for fixing one or more of the ridge cap tiles to a flange.
- The first and second flanges may be part of first and second battens respectively. Said first and second battens may be fixed to the first and second courses of header tiles respectively such that each flange extends upwardly from each course of header tiles when the batten is fitted thereto.
- The present invention also provides a batten for use in a ridge capping system of the present invention.
- The present invention also provides a roof structure formed by the method of the present invention.
- The present invention further provides a roof structure containing a ridge capping system of the present invention.
- The present invention will now be described in relation to embodiments thereof. In this respect, it is to be appreciated that the following description does not limit in any way the generality of the above description.
- In the drawings:
-
FIG. 1 is a schematic part cross sectional view of a ridge line section of a tiled roof showing a prior art method of fixing ridge cap tiles; -
FIG. 2 is schematic part cross sectional view of a ridge line section of a tiled roof that is similar to the view ofFIG. 1 but showing a ridge capping system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 3 is an isometric view of a batten suitable for use in a ridge capping system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 4 is an isometric view of a batten suitable for use in a ridge capping system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; -
FIG. 5 is a partial isometric view of part of a ridge capping system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention fitted to one side of a ridge line of a tiled roof; -
FIG. 6 is an end view of a course of roof tiles with a batten suitable for use in a ridge capping system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention fixed thereto; and -
FIG. 7 is a partial isometric view of part of a ridge capping system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention fitted along a gable ridge line of a tiled roof. - Illustrated in
FIG. 1 is a prior art tiled roofing arrangement in which one or moreridge cap tiles 20 are bedded into acement bed 22 and pointed with pointingmaterial 24. The roofing arrangement comprises a standardroofing frame structure 26 which includesrafters 28 which are fastened to aridge beam 30. A number of rows of battens 32 (only two are shown in cross section inFIG. 1 ) are fixed across therafters 28. Thebattens 32 support rows of roof tiles 34. Theroof tiles 34 are laid in courses across the roof with adjacent tiles in each course and adjacent courses overlapping. The particular roof structure shown inFIG. 1 is aridge line 36 which is bound on respective sides by first 38 and second 40 header courses ofroof tiles 34. Theridge cap tiles 20 are positioned over and cover theridge line 36. The ridge cap tiles 20 curve downwardly and overlap with the 38 and 40 on either side of the ridge. Theheader courses sides 42 of theridge cap tiles 20 are spaced from the top of the 38 and 40 by a few millimeters or centimeters (depending on the thickness of the cement bed) and the space between theheader courses sides 42 and the 38 and 40 are filled with the pointingheader courses material 24. Theridge cap tiles 20 that are shown inFIG. 1 have a curved profile, but ridge cap tiles having other profiles, such as an inverted V-shape, are also commonly used. Roof constructions of the type illustrated inFIG. 1 are commonly used throughout Australia and other countries. - Illustrated in
FIG. 2 is a tiled roofing arrangement that is similar in some aspects to the roof structure that is illustrated inFIG. 1 , except thatFIG. 2 shows a ridge capping system in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The ridge capping system is suitable for capping aridge line 36 of a tiled roof with one or moreridge cap tiles 20. As before, theridge line 36 is bound on respective sides by first 38 and second 40 header courses of roof tiles. In the present invention, thecement bed 22 of the prior art construction illustrated inFIG. 1 is replaced with first 44 and second 46 flanges that extend upwardly from said first 38 and second 40 courses of header tiles respectively. When considering the function of theflanges 44 and 46 (as described in more detail below) it will be evident that they need not extend upwardly at right angles to the first 38 and second 40 courses of header tiles but they could extend upwardly at any suitable angle. One or moreridge cap tiles 20 are fitted over theridge line 36 and between the 44 and 46 such that a flange is adjacent aflanges respective side 42 of theridge cap tiles 20. - The
ridge line 36 may be a horizontal ridge line, such as the one shown inFIG. 5 , or it may be an angled or “gable”ridge line 36, such as the one shown inFIG. 7 . As seen in comparingFIGS. 5 and 7 , in the horizontal ridge line theheader course 38 ofroof tiles 34 is aligned parallel to theridge beam 30 whilst in the gable ridge line thetile 34 on the 38 and 40 are angled with respect to theheader courses ridge beam 30. It will be appreciated in the latter case that theridge line 36 is still bound on respective sides by first 38 and second 40 header courses of roof tiles. - The roof tiles and/or the ridge cap tiles may be cement, terracotta, plastic, foam or metal tiles. The invention may be suitable for roof tiles having a shaped cross section (such as a wave, corrugated, barrel, etc. profile), or flat roof tiles.
- The first and
44 and 46 are positioned on the first 38 and second 40 courses of header tiles respectively such that each flange extends upwardly from its respective course of header tiles. One or moresecond flanges ridge cap tiles 20 are fitted over theridge line 36 and between the first and 44 and 46 such that each flange is adjacent asecond flanges respective side 42 of the ridge cap tiles. The steps of positioning the 44 and 46 on the first 38 and second 40 courses of header tiles and fitting the ridge cap tile(s) 20 between the first and second flanges may be carried out separately or in one operation. In the former instance, theflanges 44 and 46 may be positioned on the first 38 and second 40 courses of header tiles by fitting the flanges thereto or theflanges 44 and 46 may be integral with the roof tiles used in theflanges 38 and 40. In the latter case, theheader courses 44 and 46 may be attached toflanges respective sides 42 of theridge cap tiles 20 or the flanges may be formed integrally with theridge cap tiles 20. - As seen in
FIG. 2 , theridge cap tiles 20 span between the 44 and 46 with the flanges holding theflanges ridge cap tiles 20 in place. As such the 44 and 46 together form a channel into which theflanges ridge cap tiles 20 are fitted. The 44 and 46 therefore help to position or locate theflanges ridge cap tiles 20 over theridge line 36. The 44 and 46 extend about half way up theflanges sides 42 of eachridge cap tile 20. - Typically, a number of
ridge cap tiles 20 will be laid along the length of theridge line 36, with adjacentridge cap tiles 20 overlapping one another, as is known in the art. - It will be evident from a comparison of
FIGS. 1 and 2 that a benefit of the present invention is that it eliminates any need to use a bed ofcement 22 to locate theridge cap tiles 20. - When the
ridge cap tiles 20 are laid in a channel formed by the 44 and 46 they are not fixed to the roof structure. Therefore in an embodiment of the invention the system further includesflanges means 52 for fixing one or more of theridge cap tiles 20 to aflange 44 and/or 46. It will be appreciated that it may not be necessary to fix all of theridge cap tiles 20 in a course of ridge cap tiles to a 44 or 46 as the overlap between adjacent tiles may be sufficient to hold all of theflange tiles 20 down. Thus, it may only be necessary to fix every second or thirdridge cap tile 20 to a 44 or 46. It will also be appreciated that it may not be necessary to fix theflange ridge cap tiles 20 to both of the 44 or 46 because once aflanges ridge cap tile 20 is fixed to one flange it is effectively also fixed to the roof structure via the corresponding header course of tiles. - The means 52 for fixing the
ridge cap tiles 20 to a 44 or 46 may be a fastener, such as a rivet, screw, nail etc that may pass through the flange into aflange side 42 of aridge cap tile 20. Alternatively, themeans 52 for fixing theridge cap tiles 20 to a 44 or 46 may be a suitable adhesive, such as construction adhesive, which is run onto an underside or side of theflange ridge cap tiles 20 and adheres to the flanges. 44 or 46. In another alternative theridge cap tiles 20 may have engagement means configured to engage with a 44 or 46 when therespective flange ridge cap tile 20 is fitted between the 44 and 46. The engagement means may be a protrusion or tab section that extends from one or more of the sides and/or bottom surface of theflanges ridge cap tiles 20. The latter embodiment may be particularly suitable for use with metal ridge cap tiles. - In the embodiment of the invention that is illustrated in
FIG. 2 themeans 52 for fixing theridge cap tiles 20 to a 44 or 46 is pointingflange material 54. The pointing material is coated over each 44 or 46 andflange side 42 of theridge cap tiles 20. Commonly used pointing materials, such as Shieldcoat™, Roofbond™, Ridgebond™, Acryloc™, Flexi-point™ or Tilepoint™ tend to provide excellent adhesion between the ridge cap tile material (typically cement or terracotta) and the 44 or 46. An advantage of the roofing system of the present invention is that it enables the construction of roofs having a C3 wind rating. To achieve a C3 wind rating, it may be necessary for the pointingflange material 54 to be Shieldcoat™ or Ridgetraxx Flexible Pointing™, or equivalent material. - The
44 or 46 may be formed in any suitable manner. For example, the roof tiles that are used in theflanges 38 and 40 could incorporate aheader courses 44 or 46 into the actual tile structure. For example, an upper surface of the roof tiles used in the header courses may have a flange integrally formed on it, such that when theflange 38 or 40 is assembled the flanges on individual roof tiles align to form aheader course 44 or 46 that extends along the length of theflange 38 or 40.header course - Alternatively, the
ridge cap tiles 20 may have a 44 or 46 integrally formed with, or otherwise fitted to, aflange side 42 of the tile such that when theridge cap tiles 20 are positioned over aridge line 36 the 44 and 46 contact the header courses offlanges 38 and 40.tile - In the illustrated embodiments of the invention the first 44 and second 46 flanges are part of first 50 and second 51 battens respectively. The first 44 and second 46 flanges may be attached to, or integrally formed with, first 50 and second 51 battens respectively. In turn, the first 50 and second 51 battens are fixed to the first 38 and second 40 courses of header tiles respectively such that each
44 or 46 extends upwardly from each course of header tiles when theflange 50 or 51 is fitted thereto.batten - In addition to the
44 or 46, each batten 50 or 51 also includes a fixingflange surface 56 suitable for fixing the batten 50 or 51 to the 38 or 40 of roof tiles. As best seen inheader course FIGS. 3 and 4 , the fixingsurface 56 is substantially perpendicular to, and extends to one side, of the flange 44 (or 46). More specifically, each batten 50 and 51 is L-shaped in cross section. - The fixing
surface 56 may be a web of material, such as a mesh material or a perforated material. The use of mesh or perforated materials may be advantageous because they are light weight and the perforations or spaces in the mesh or perforated material also make it easy to insert fasteners such as rivets through the battens in order to fix the battens to the roof tiles. Furthermore, the perforations or spaces in the mesh material allow pointing material to adhere efficiently to the battens. The 50 and 51 may be formed from any relatively rigid material. We have found that battens formed from a metal, such as aluminum, are suitable. A benefit of battens formed from aluminum is that they are light weight, relatively inexpensive, are easily cut, and can be bent into different configurations to suit particular needs.battens - In constructing a roof using the systems and/or methods of the present invention, the first 50 and second 51 battens are fixed on the first 38 and second 40 courses of header tiles respectively. The battens are elongate and are fitted along the length of each course of header tiles. The
50 and 51 do not need to extend along the full length of each header course. However, when the roof cap tiles are pointed with a pointing material it may be beneficial for the battens to extend along the length of each header course as thebattens 44 or 46 of each batten 50 or 51 provides a surface onto which the pointing material is applied which makes application of the pointing material easier and quicker.flange - The fixing
surface 56 of each batten 50 or 51 is in a face to face arrangement with the tiles in a 38 or 40. The fixingrespective header course surface 56 may be fixed to the surface of the 38 and 40 using any suitable fastener or adhesive. For example, construction adhesive, pointing material, mortar or cement could be used between the fixingheader course tiles surface 56 and the tile surface to fix each batten 50 or 51 to a 38 or 40. However, the use of fasteners, such as screws, rivets, bolts, nails etc, is beneficial because they provide for a relatively quick method of fixing therespective header course 50 and 51 to the header course ofbattens 38 and 40. In the illustrations, thetiles 50 and 51 are fixed to thebattens 38 and 40 usingrespective header course rivets 60 which are driven through the top of the fixingsurface 56 into the body of theroof tile 34. The 50 and 51 may be riveted at a number of places spaced out along the length of each batten.battens - Thus, when a tiler is ready to fit
ridge cap tiles 20 to aridge line 36 of a roof under construction, he/she lifts lengths of batten 50 or 51 onto the roof and lays them out along the 38 and 40 on either side of theheader course ridge line 36.Rivets 60 are then inserted at selected positions along the length of each batten 50 and 51. It may only be necessary to rivet one batten in place at this stage.Ridge cap tiles 20 are then inserted between the 50 and 51 and are overlapped with one another in the usual manner.battens FIG. 5 shows a batten 50 fixed to afirst header course 38 of tiles in this way. - Pointing material is then applied to the
sides 42 of theridge cap tiles 20 in the normal way. Suitable pointing materials that can be used include Shieldcoat™, Roofbond™, Ridgebond™, Acryloc™, Flexi-point™, Tilepoint™, Ridgetraxx Flexible Pointing™, and equivalent material. These materials are mortar based materials that contain a polymer component. These materials adhere very well to thesides 42 of theridge cap tiles 20 and also to theflange 44 or 46 (particularly when the flange is formed from a mesh or perforated material). By using pointing materials having such good adhesion, theridge cap tiles 20 end up being firmly adhered to the 44 or 46 which are, in turn, fixed to the roof tiles in theflanges 38 or 40. This is in contrast to the prior art cement bedded ridge cap systems, such as the one shown inheader course FIG. 1 , which rely on adhesion between thecement 22, theridge cap tile 20 and theroof tile 34 to hold theridge cap tile 20 in place. Once the ridge capping has been pointed, the 44 and 46 will no longer be visible. An advantage of this system is that it may be possible to use less pointing material than is typically used with cement bedded systems because theflanges 44 or 46 provides a relatively solid surface onto which the pointing material is applied.flange - Advantageously, a groove may be ground or otherwise cut into one or more of the tiles in the
38 or 40. The groove may be adjacent theheader course 44 or 46. When the ridge cap tiles are pointed with pointing material some of the material extends into the groove in the roof tiles, thereby increasing the amount of adhesion between the ridge cap tiles and the roof tiles. At some points along the length of the ridge cap it may be beneficial to extend the groove through the entire thickness of the roof tile (without cutting the roof tile) so that the pointing material is squeezed through the groove and bellows out on the underside of the roof tile.flange - Generally pointing material is also applied to the exposed end of each
ridge cap tile 20 so as to form a pointed surface between the end of the ridge cap tile and an upper surface of the adjacentridge cap tile 20. We have found that it is advantageous to fit a mesh material to the exposed ends of theridge cap tiles 20 to provide a surface onto which the pointing material can be applied. The mesh material may be fixed to the 50 and 51 using a suitable bracket. In this way, the pointing material adheres to the end of thebattens ridge cap tile 20 and to the mesh material and as the latter is connected to thebattens 50 and/or 51, the ends of theridge cap tiles 20 are effectively adhered to theroof tiles 34 via thebattens 50 and/or 51. - For the sake of simplicity,
FIG. 5 shows the roof tiles as flat tiles. However, it will be appreciated that concrete and terracotta roof tiles have many profiles, many of which have a series of ridges and valleys. An example profile is shown inFIG. 6 . In these cases the 50 and 51 will be fixed to an uppermost surface of eachbattens tile 34 and there is agap 62 between thebatten 50 and the surface of theroof tile 34 in the valley section of the tile. Thisgap 62 may simply be filled with pointing material when the ridge cap tiles are pointed. Alternatively, thegap 62 may be filled with a suitable filler, such as expandable polystyrene foam. Thus, a tiler may simply move along a length of batten 50 and squirt commercially available self-expanding polystyrene foam into each of thegaps 62 along the length of thebatten 50. Typically, the expanding foam will expand out from the gaps as it sets so that it protrudes from the sides of each batten 50 and 51. However, the excess foam can then be cut off with a knife in the usual fashion to leave a relatively porous surface onto which pointing material can be applied when the ridge capping is pointed. In another alternative, an appropriately shaped insert of mesh or perforated material may be inserted into thegap 62 such that pointing material can be applied over the insert. Alternatively, the 44 or 46 and/or batten 50 or 51 may be configured so that it conforms to the shape of the top surface of the profiled roof tiles. When this is done, there is noflange gap 62 that needs to be filled. - As shown in
FIG. 7 , thebattens 50 do not necessarily need to be laid so that they are parallel an edge of theroof tiles 34 in either of the 38 and 40 of tiles. When theheader courses ridge beam 30 is not horizontal, theroof tiles 34 in each of the 38 and 40 will be angled with respect to theheader courses ridge beam 30. However, thebattens 50 are still laid generally parallel to theridge beam 30 and therefore, they intersect theroof tiles 34 in each 38 and 40 at an angle.header course - We have found that use of the system and methods of the present invention leads to less cracking in the pointing material between the
roof cap tiles 20 and theroof tiles 34. In the prior art system in which theroof cap tiles 20 are bedded incement 22, there is little adhesion between theroof cap tiles 20 and thecement 22 and this eventually leads to theroof cap tiles 20 lifting or moving away from thecement 22 over time. This eventually leads to cracking in the pointingmaterial 24 which tends to be unsightly. However, we have found that there is very good adhesion between the pointing material, thesides 42 of theroof cap tiles 20, and theflange 44 arid 46 and this leads to a reduction in the amount of visible cracking over time. Furthermore, cracking in the prior art cement bedded systems results when uneven loads are placed on the header courses of roof tiles. An advantage of the present invention is that the 50 and 51 are fixed along each row of header tiles and they act to distribute any load along the header course, rather than it being localized. In turn, this may lead to a reduction in the amount of cracking in the pointing material.battens - It may also be advantageous to tie the
44 and 46 together at points along the length of theflanges ridge line 36 before fitting theridge cap tiles 20. The 44 and 46 can be tied together with suitable material (such as wire, tape, etc.) so that theflanges 44 and 46 and the header course offlanges 38 and 40 are unable to separate from each other. This may also prevent cracking of the mortar in the ridge caps.tiles - The present invention also provides a batten 50 or 51 for use in a ridge capping system as described herein.
- Using the methods and systems of the present invention it is possible to construct a roof that achieves a C3 wind classification according to Australian Standard AS2050.
- In conclusion, it must be appreciated that there may be other various and modifications to the configurations described herein which are also within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (21)
1. A method for capping a ridge line of a tiled roof with one or more ridge cap tiles, said ridge line bound on respective sides by first and second header courses of roof tiles, the method including:
positioning first and second flanges on said first and second courses of header tiles respectively such that each flange extends upwardly from its respective course of header tiles; and
fitting one or more ridge cap tiles over said ridge line and between said first and second flanges such that each flange is adjacent a respective side of the ridge cap tiles.
2. A method as in claim 1 , wherein the first and second flanges are part of first and second battens respectively, and said first and second battens are fixed to the first and second courses of header tiles respectively such that each flange extends upwardly from each course of header tiles when the batten is fitted thereto.
3. A method as in claim 2 , wherein each batten includes a fixing surface suitable for fixing the batten to the header course of roof tiles.
4. A method as in claim 3 , wherein the fixing surface extends substantially perpendicularly to the flange.
5. A method as in claim 4 , wherein each batten is L-shaped in cross section.
6. A method as in claim 2 , wherein each batten is formed from a mesh material.
7. A method as in claim 2 , wherein each batten is formed from a perforated material.
8. A method as in claim 1 , wherein the method further includes fixing one or more of the ridge cap tiles to a flange.
9. A method as in claim 8 , wherein the fixing of one or more of the ridge cap tiles to a flange includes coating each flange and ridge cap tile side with a pointing material.
10. A ridge capping system suitable for capping a ridge line of a tiled roof with one or more ridge cap tiles, said ridge line bound on respective sides by first and second header courses of roof tiles, the system including:
first and second flanges suitable for positioning on said first and second courses of header tiles respectively such that each flange extends upwardly from its respective course of header tiles; and
one or more ridge cap tiles fitted over said ridge line and between said first and second flanges such that the flange is adjacent a respective side of the ridge cap tiles.
11. A system as in claim 10 , wherein the first and second flanges are part of first and second battens respectively, and said first and second battens are fixed to the first and second courses of header tiles respectively such that each flange extends upwardly from each course of header tiles when the batten is fitted thereto.
12. A system as in claim 11 , wherein each batten includes a fixing surface suitable for fixing the batten to the header course of roof tiles.
13. A system as in claim 12 , wherein the fixing surface extends substantially perpendicularly to the flange.
14. A system as in claim 13 , wherein each batten is L-shaped in cross section.
15. A system as in claim 11 , wherein each batten is formed from a mesh material.
16. A system as in claim 11 , wherein each batten is formed from a perforated material.
17. A system as in claim 10 , wherein the system further includes means for fixing one or more of the ridge cap tiles to a flange.
18. A system as in claim 17 , wherein the means for fixing one or more of the ridge cap tiles to a flange is a coating of pointing material over at least a part of each flange and at least a part of each ridge cap tile side.
19. A batten for use in a ridge capping system of claim 10 .
20. A roof structure formed according to the method of claim 1 .
21. A roof structure incorporating a ridge capping system of claim 10 .
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AU2007900482A AU2007900482A0 (en) | 2007-02-01 | Improved roofing system | |
| AU2007900482 | 2007-02-01 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US20080216442A1 true US20080216442A1 (en) | 2008-09-11 |
Family
ID=39731373
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US12/068,017 Abandoned US20080216442A1 (en) | 2007-02-01 | 2008-01-31 | Roofing system |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20080216442A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2008200463A1 (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ565625A (en) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20080053004A1 (en) * | 2006-09-01 | 2008-03-06 | Bhushan Kumar Oberoi | Roof assembly |
| US7774990B1 (en) * | 2006-12-21 | 2010-08-17 | Tom Castellanos | Roof hip and ridge anchor device (CIP) |
| US8104231B1 (en) * | 2009-12-21 | 2012-01-31 | Timothy Michael Graboski | Ridge tile system for a roof |
| US20140202093A1 (en) * | 2013-01-21 | 2014-07-24 | Ronald Knighton | Roofing cap system |
| US8839576B1 (en) * | 2013-08-06 | 2014-09-23 | Robert Newcomb | Gabled-roof skylight and ventilation means |
| US9528272B2 (en) | 2013-01-21 | 2016-12-27 | Ronald Knighton | Roofing cap system |
| USD867122S1 (en) | 2018-05-03 | 2019-11-19 | Israel Jimenez | Roof tile clip |
| US11326736B2 (en) | 2019-10-03 | 2022-05-10 | Timothy Michael Graboski | Roof-mounted equipment attachment system |
| US20230366205A1 (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2023-11-16 | Bmic Llc | Multi-layered cap shingle with enhanced wind performance and method of making same |
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- 2008-01-31 US US12/068,017 patent/US20080216442A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20080053004A1 (en) * | 2006-09-01 | 2008-03-06 | Bhushan Kumar Oberoi | Roof assembly |
| US7774990B1 (en) * | 2006-12-21 | 2010-08-17 | Tom Castellanos | Roof hip and ridge anchor device (CIP) |
| US8104231B1 (en) * | 2009-12-21 | 2012-01-31 | Timothy Michael Graboski | Ridge tile system for a roof |
| US20140202093A1 (en) * | 2013-01-21 | 2014-07-24 | Ronald Knighton | Roofing cap system |
| US9016008B2 (en) * | 2013-01-21 | 2015-04-28 | Ronald Knighton | Roofing cap system |
| US9528272B2 (en) | 2013-01-21 | 2016-12-27 | Ronald Knighton | Roofing cap system |
| US8839576B1 (en) * | 2013-08-06 | 2014-09-23 | Robert Newcomb | Gabled-roof skylight and ventilation means |
| US20230366205A1 (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2023-11-16 | Bmic Llc | Multi-layered cap shingle with enhanced wind performance and method of making same |
| US12180710B2 (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2024-12-31 | Bmic Llc | Multi-layered cap shingle with enhanced wind performance and method of making same |
| USD867122S1 (en) | 2018-05-03 | 2019-11-19 | Israel Jimenez | Roof tile clip |
| US11326736B2 (en) | 2019-10-03 | 2022-05-10 | Timothy Michael Graboski | Roof-mounted equipment attachment system |
| US11725777B1 (en) | 2019-10-03 | 2023-08-15 | Timothy M. Graboski Revocable Trust | Roof-mounted equipment attachment system |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2008200463A1 (en) | 2008-08-21 |
| NZ565625A (en) | 2009-07-31 |
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| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: ROOF DOCTORS PTY LTD, AUSTRALIA Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:SHUBIN, JEREMIAH ESAY;REEL/FRAME:020977/0830 Effective date: 20080415 |
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| STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |