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TW200937819A - Low voltage charge pump with regulation - Google Patents

Low voltage charge pump with regulation Download PDF

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Publication number
TW200937819A
TW200937819A TW097148610A TW97148610A TW200937819A TW 200937819 A TW200937819 A TW 200937819A TW 097148610 A TW097148610 A TW 097148610A TW 97148610 A TW97148610 A TW 97148610A TW 200937819 A TW200937819 A TW 200937819A
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Taiwan
Prior art keywords
voltage
capacitor
plate
charge pump
series
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TW097148610A
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English (en)
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TWI463774B (zh
Inventor
Feng Pan
Jonathan H Huynh
Qui Vi Nguyen
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Sandisk Corp
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Publication of TWI463774B publication Critical patent/TWI463774B/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
    • H02M3/06—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider
    • H02M3/07—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output without intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using resistors or capacitors, e.g. potential divider using capacitors charged and discharged alternately by semiconductor devices with control electrode, e.g. charge pumps

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Description

200937819 九、發明說明： 【發明所屬之技術領域】 本發明一般而言係關於電荷幫浦之領域，且更特定古 之，係關於一種具有相對低輸出電壓、高功率效率及較高 電流需求之電荷幫浦。 【先前技術】 * 電荷幫浦使用一切換過程來提供一大於其DC輸入電壓 • 之DC輸出電壓。一般而言，一電荷幫浦將具有一電容 φ 器’該電容器耦合至一輸入與一輸出之間的開關。在一個 時鐘半週期期間，即充電半週期期間，該電容器並聯叙合 至該輸入，以便充電至輸入電壓。在一第二時鐘週期期 間’即轉移半週期期間，已充電電容器與輸入電壓串聯麵 合，以便提供一兩倍於輸入電壓位準之輸出電壓。此過程 圖解闌釋於圖1A及1B中。於圖1A中，使電容器5與輸入電 壓VIN並聯配置，以圖解闡釋該充電半週期。於圖iB中， 使已充電電容器5與該輸入電壓串聯配置，以圖解闞釋轉 ❹ 移半週期。因而，如在圖1B中所見，已充電電容器5之正 極端子相對於接地將係2*V1N。 電荷幫浦用於許多場合中。舉例而言，電荷幫浦用作快 閃及其他非揮發性記憶體上之周邊電路，以自一較低電源 電壓產生許多所需之運作電壓（諸如程式化或抹除電壓）。 此項技術中已習知若干電荷幫浦設計，諸如習用之 Dickson型幫浦。但鑒於對電荷幫浦之共同依賴，需要對 幫浦設計之持續改良，特別在儘量減少幫浦之佈局面積量 I36794.doc 200937819 及電流消耗需求方面。 【發明内容】 闡述了-種用於產生-輸出電壓之電荷幫浦。該電荷幫 浦具有多個電容器以及切換電路。在一第一或初始化階段 及一第二或轉移階段中，該等電容器可交替地連接。在該 Μ-階段中’該等電容lit之每-者之第—板經連接以接 . 收一調整器電壓而每一電容器之第二板接地。在該第二階 • 段中，該等電容器串聯連接，其中，對於第一電容器之後 ❹ 的母一電容器而言，第二板連接至該串聯中前一電容器之 第一板。該幫浦之輸出電壓來自該串聯中最末電容器之第 一板。調整電路自一參考電壓產生一調整器電壓使其具有 回應於該幫浦之輸出電壓位準之值。 本發明之各種態樣、優點、特徵及實施例包含於下文對 本發明實例性實例之說明中，應結合附圖一起閱讀該說 明。本文出於各種目的所參考之所有專利、專利申請案、 論文、其他公開案、文檔等等皆以全文引用的方式倂入本 ❹ 文中。若所倂入之公開案、文擋或諸如此類中任一者與本 申請案之間存在術語之定義或使用之任何不一致或衝突， 則應以本申請案之定義或使用為准。 【實施方式】 本文所提供之電荷幫浦尤其適合其中高效率、最小佈局 面積需求及高電流能力係較佳之應用。實例性實施例適合 提供3 V至6.5 V之範圍中之輸出，其具有高輸出電流能 力’但卻需要比先别技術中現存佈局面積及電流消耗更小 136794.doc 200937819 之佈局面積及電流消耗°作為實例’所述設計之一應用係 用作一非揮發性記憶體電路上之周邊電路。 通常可在（舉例而言）Pan及 Samaddar，McGraw-Hill，2006 之"電荷幫浦電路設計"或 Pylarinos>^· R〇gers，Department 〇f Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto 之"電荷幫浦：概述"（可在網頁 "www.eecg.toronto.edu/~kphang/ecel371/chargepumps.pdf" - 上看到）中找到更多關於先前技術電荷幫浦（諸如Dickenson 〇 型幫浦及電荷幫浦）之資訊°可在以下專利及申請案中找 到關於各種其他電荷幫浦態樣及設計之更詳盡資訊：美國 專利第 5,436,587、6,370,075、6,922,096 及 7，135,910 號； 以及申請於2〇〇4年5月10日之第10/842,910號、申請於2005 年12月6日之第11/295,906號、申請於2005年12月16日之第 1 1/303,387號、申請於2006年7月31日之第11/497,465號、 申請於2006年9月19曰之第1 1/523,875號；以及兩者皆申請 於2007年8月28日之第1 1/845,903及1 1/845,939號申請案。 ® 圖2係一典型電荷幫浦配置之一頂部位階方塊圖。本文 所述設計與先前技術在幫浦區段201之細節上不同。如圖2 中所示，幫浦201具有作為輸入之一時鐘信號及一電壓 Vreg，姐提供一輸出V〇ut。未明確顯示高（Vdd)及低（接地） 連接。電壓Vreg由調整器203提供’該調整器具有作為輸 入之一來自一外部電壓源之參考電壓Vref及輸出電壓 Vout。調整器區塊203調整Vreg之值，以便獲得所期望之 Vout的值。幫浦區段201通常將具有交叉耦合之元件’諸 136794.doc 200937819 如下文對該等實例性實施例之闡述。（當包含一調整器 時’電荷幫浦通常被視為幫浦部分201及調整器203兩 者，但在某些用法中，"電荷幫浦"僅指幫浦區段201。） Vref係一固定參考值，諸如由帶隙產生器（未顯示）提供 之（比如說）1.2伏之電壓或由其他外部電壓供應源提供。 Clock一High係一至幫浦2〇1之時鐘（未顯示）輸入。
Clock_High (φ)之"丨"電壓位準較佳應係足夠高以最小化跨 . 越用於電荷轉移之開關之降低。 ❹ ® 3Α、36及4八、4Β顯示-對實例性實施例。於兩種情 形中，在轉移階段或模式中，若干電容器（Ν， 此論述中視 為Ν=3)係串聯連接，而在初始化階段或模式中，每一電容 器連接於低電壓位準（通常為接地）與調整器電壓之間。該 調整器電壓係基於回饋提供自一調整器電路且可用於控制 内部級節點之每一者上之預充電。 圖3Α及3Β分別顯示一電荷幫浦之一第一實施例之初始 化階段及轉移階段。此實例中所示級之數量N為N=3，此 瘳 乃因此係方便的，但應理解，亦可使用其他適當之數量。 針對圖3A之初始化階段，將每一電容器（C1 311、C2 313、C3 315)之"底"板設定為〇 v而將，，頂"板重設為一基於 經調整電壓vreg之位準。調整器3〇3將供應Vreg，其中僅 示意性地顯示了欲基於時鐘信號CLK達成此之開關。可藉 由此項技術中之習知技術來實施該等開關及該調整器電路 兩者。 圖3B中顯示第二運作階段或轉移階段。現在，將N個級 136794.doc 200937819 ，· 串聯連接於來自電壓供應之Vdd位準與用以供應輸出之輸 出節點之間。此輸出亦供應至調整器303以使調整回饋可 用於控制内部級節點上之預充電位準（如根據圖3A之闌 述），而時鐘可以Vdd位準恆定地運行。該輸出隨後升壓至 V〇ut=N*K* Vreg+Vdd，K係一基於運作中電荷共享效率之 因子。此係忽略跨越開關（同樣僅係示意性地指示）之任何 降低之理想位準。較佳地，該等開關由一位準驅動以最小 - 化來自該等開關之任何降低。在初始化階段期間，藉由使 © 用一調整電壓來對頂板進行預充電而不是僅將Vdd施加至 該頂板，可獲得一經調整輸出，同時達成圖3B之串聯配置 之高功率效率及高電流需求。 圖4A及4B分別顯示一電荷幫浦之一替代實施例之初始 化階段及轉移階段。各種元件與圖3A及3B之元件標記類 似且功能類似。原理區別係該調整回饋現在可用於控制内 部級節點上之預充電位準以及時鐘振幅。在圖4B之轉移階 段中’現在將該等電容器串聯連接於Vreg(而不是Vdd)與 ® 輸出節點之間。因此，現在該輸出電壓（理想地）升壓至高 達Vout=N*K*Vreg+Vreg。此允許所有輸出電壓由來自調 整器電路403之回饋來調整。 儘管針對產生一正電壓輸出之情形闡述了圖3A、3B及 4A、4B之配置’但可使用一類似配置來產生負電壓。更 具體而言，此可藉由（大體而言）將圖3A、3B及4A、4B之 實施例相對於其各種連接"上下倒置"並使用一對應負調整 電壓而達成》 136794.doc -10- 200937819 儘管本文已參照特定實施例闡述了本發明，但該說明僅 係本發明應用之一實例而不應被視為對本發明應用之一限 制。因此，對所揭示實施例之特徵之各種修訂及組合歸屬 於下文申請專利範圍所涵蓋之本發明範疇内。 【圖式簡單說明】 藉由查閱下列各圖，可更好地理解本發明之各種態樣及 特徵，圖中： . 圖1A係一泛用電荷幫浦中充電半週期之一簡化電路圖》 ❹ 圖16係一泛用電荷幫浦中轉移半週期之一簡化電路圖。 圖2係一所調整電荷幫浦之一頂部位階方塊圖。 圖3A及3B顯示一第一電荷幫浦實施例之初始化及轉移 模式。 圖4 A及4B顯示一替代電荷幫浦實施例之初始化及轉移 模式。 【主要元件符號說明】 201 幫浦（幫浦區段） 203 調整器（調整器區塊） 303 調整器 311 電容器C1 313 電容器C2 315 電容器C3 403 調整器電路 136794.doc

Claims (1)

  1. 200937819 4 十、申請專利範圍： 1. 一種用以產生一輸出電壓之電荷幫浦電路，其包含： 複數個電容器，每一電容器具有一第一板及一第二 板； 切換電路，藉此該等電容器可交替地連接於一第一階 段及一第二階段中，在該第一階段中，該等電容器之該 等第一板經連接以接收一調整器電壓且該等第二板接 . 地’而在該第二階段中，該等電容器串聯連接以使得對 Φ 於該串聯中第一電容器之後的每一電容器而言，該第二 板連接至該串聯中前一電容器之第一板，而最末電容器 之第一板經連接以供應該電荷幫浦之該輸出電壓；及 調整電路，其可連接以接收一參考電壓及來自電荷幫 浦之該輸出電壓，且自該參考電壓產生該調整器電壓， 其中該調整器電壓值回應於該輸出電壓位準。 2. 如請求項1之電荷幫浦電路’其中，在該第二階段期 間’該串聯中該第一電容器之該第二板經連接，以自一 ® 電壓供應接收電壓位準。 3. 如請求項1之電荷幫浦電路，其中，在該第二階段期 間，該串聯中該第一電容器之該第二板經連接，以接收 該調整器電壓。 • 4.如請求項1之電荷幫浦電路，其中該電荷幫浦係一非揮 發性記憶體電路上之周邊電路之部分。 5. 一種產生一輸出電壓之方法，其包括： 提供複數個電容器’每一電容器具有一第—板及一第二板； 136794.doc 200937819 在一第一階段及一第二階段中交替地連接該等電容 器，其中該第一階段包含： 連接該等電容器之該等第一板，以接收一調整器電 壓；及 將該等第二板接地； 且該第二階段包含： 串聯連接該等電容器，以使得對於該串聯中該第一 電谷器之後的每一電容器而言，該第二板連接至該串 ❹ 聯中前一電容器之第一板；及 自該串聯中最末板之第一板供應該電荷幫浦之該輸 出電壓； 壓，其中該調整器電壓 一步包括： 中，以自一電壓供應接 自—參考電壓產生該調整電 值回應於該輸出電壓位準。 6.
    月求項5之方法’該第二階段進 將該第一電容器連接於該串 收一電壓位準。 壓 …只 极步一 將該笫—$ 第電容器連接於 〇 一步包括： 中，以接收該調整器電 136794.doc -2·
TW097148610A 2007-12-12 2008-12-12 用於產生一輸出電壓之電荷幫浦電路及方法 TWI463774B (zh)

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US7586362B2 (en) 2009-09-08
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