RU2846008C1 - Electric energy consumption distribution system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to electrical engineering, specifically to devices for generating heat from electrical power using electric heating elements of the Joule (resistor) type, operating in networks with limited allocated power. One of the factors limiting the number of consumers connected to the mains is insufficient electric power allocated to the facility. When additional loads are connected, with total power exceeding the allocated one, the input protective circuit breaker is actuated, de-energizing the whole household or industrial facility. Share of electric energy consumption for heating of rooms is the largest constituent in load of electric network of households. Technical result of the proposed invention is achieved by a device for reduction of heat energy electric generator power consumption at the moment preceding the achievement of total energy consumption by a household of limit values corresponding to actuation of an automatic circuit breaker of the mains supplying the household. Proposed system for electric energy distribution of autonomous object with limited level of extracted electric energy consists of the following: electric generator of thermal energy, based on the Joule (resistor) conversion of electric energy into heat energy; systems of seven-storey control of generated thermal power with variable values of maximum electric power at current moment of operation; electric shunt voltage signal receiving system receiving the electric shunt voltage values transmitted along the electric power cable of the electric thermal energy generator; computing device which determines the free part of the electric energy from the allocated limited electric power to the autonomous object for determining the current value of the maximum thermal power; device for controlling the operation of an electric heat energy generator for compensating heat losses of the enclosing structure of an autonomous object.

EFFECT: exclusion of operation of automatic power supply switch of autonomous object when exceeding allocated limited power, wherein the autonomous object electric devices total power, including the heat energy generation electric devices, exceeds the allocated limit.

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Description

Field of technology to which the invention relates

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, namely to devices for generating thermal energy from electrical energy using electrical heating elements of the Joule (resistor) type, operating in networks with limited allocated power. The object for using the invention may be autonomous heat supply systems for industrial facilities, individual houses, apartments in a multi-story building. The operation of the electric heat generator occurs with the simultaneous operation of other technical devices with electrical power, with which the room is equipped. Heat supply ensures heating, hot water preparation and cooling of the premises.

State of the art

In general, the calculation of electrical loads in an individual house or industrial facility is determined by the installed equipment with electric power and the possibility of simultaneous use of all devices.

One of the factors limiting the number of consumers connected to the power grid is insufficient electrical power allocated to the facility. When additional loads are connected, with a total power greater than the allocated one, the input protection circuit breaker is triggered, de-energizing the entire household or industrial facility.

When using electric heat supply of a household, it is necessary to understand that more than 65% of the total energy consumption of the population falls on the purposes of centralized and decentralized heating, 13% on the needs of hot water supply (see the State Report "On the state of energy saving and increasing energy efficiency in the Russian Federation". Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation, Moscow, 2020, https://www.economy.gov.ru/material/file/c3901dba442f8e361d68bc019d7ee83f/Energyefficiency2020.pdf). The share of electricity consumption for space heating is the largest component in the load of the household electrical network. With limited restrictions on the total allocated power per household and the exclusion of the tripping of the general power circuit breaker when the total allocated power is exceeded from the simultaneous switching on of several electrical appliances, optimization and reduction of energy costs for heat supply is the main objective of the proposed invention. The technical result of the proposed invention is achieved by a device for reducing the power consumption of a thermal electric generator at the moment preceding the achievement of the total energy consumption by the household of the limit values corresponding to the operation of the automatic switch of the household power supply network. It is known from open sources that the enclosing structures of buildings have thermal inertia. A short-term (up to several tens of minutes) shutdown of the facility's thermal energy generation to compensate for heat losses does not lead to changes in the air temperature in the heated room. It is also known from open sources that a number of electrically powered devices used in households allow a temporary stop in operation with the cessation of electrical energy consumption, with subsequent resumption of operation without disrupting technological processes and the intended purposes of these devices. Such devices may include washing machines, hobs, and other devices. Stopping the washing process or heating the oven for several minutes does not affect the quality of their tasks. Only a shift in the final time for completing the assigned task occurs. There is no need to completely disconnect the heat generator of the heating system from the electrical network to prevent the total excess of consumed power and the tripping of the automatic switch of the household's electrical supply. It is enough to reduce its consumption to an acceptable level.

A flexible electrical load control system and its operating method are known - a computerized load control system that includes: a main central processor, a memory device, a plurality of controlled relay units connected to a plurality of loads using a plurality of local circuit breakers. Wherein each relay unit contains: a relay, a current sensor and an electric line, wherein each current sensor is configured to transmit data regarding the current to the main central processor, and wherein the main central processor is configured to transmit commands to the relay based on a signal received from an electric power source and based on a set of rules, wherein this set of rules includes information on the priority of loads, so that each relay is switched off or on by a command from the main central processor with the cessation or resumption of the supply of electric power to each individual electric line. In this case, the main central processor is designed with the possibility of transmitting on/off commands to each relay in such a way that the total power consumed by the said set of loads remains below a certain threshold value of the consumed power (see patent RU No. 2431172, IPC G05B 15/00, published 10.10.2011).

The disadvantage of this solution is the impossibility of its use without upgrading the electrical wiring and actuators of the household. High cost of work and equipment. The need for a software description of each practical case of the household.

A device is known that allows increasing the amount of connected equipment and limiting the power consumed from the power grid by disconnecting non-priority loads. For example, the LSS1/2 load control device from ABB, catalog "System pro M compact)), order code 2CSM112500R1311, EAN 274407 (see catalog "System pro M compact)), http: //www.ntknn.ru/project/ac_list/list_5/ 155_12.pdf).

In a simplified form, such a device contains: an input supply line, an output priority line, an output non-priority line, a current sensor, a threshold device (for example, a comparator with a reference voltage source), a power relay with contacts in the circuit of the output non-priority line. The device operates as follows. The voltage from the input supply line freely flows to the output priority line. High-priority consumers are connected to it, which are not disconnected under any circumstances. The total load current is measured by a current sensor, the signal from which is constantly fed to the comparator and compared with the reference voltage, which constitutes the relay setting, i.e. the response threshold. If the current in the input supply line exceeds the setting current, the comparator will change its state, which will lead to the operation of the power relay, the contacts of which will disconnect the non-priority line for a time until the total consumed current falls below the setting current. If there are several non-priority lines, they will be disconnected one by one until the current consumed by the loads drops to the set value. As soon as this condition is met, the reverse process will begin - the comparator will change its state and the relay will connect the non-priority line (lines). Thus, all consumers will be connected to the power supply again.

The disadvantages of these devices are the impossibility of using them without upgrading the electrical wiring (accompanied by repair and construction work), the impossibility of targeted control of specific loads connected to specific sockets, the high cost of work on their installation, the rigidity of binding loads to laid non-priority wire lines and the impossibility of moving loads without moving the power lines.

A device for limited power consumption is known, which includes an input line, an output line, a charger, a battery, an inverter, a control circuit connected to normally closed contacts of a switch, wherein one terminal of the input line and one terminal of the output line are connected to each other through the above-mentioned normally closed contacts of the switch, the switching contact of which is connected to the output line, and the charger is connected by its input to the input line, and by its output to the corresponding terminals of the battery connected to the inverter, the output of which is connected to the normally open contact of the above-mentioned switch, wherein the output of the control circuit is connected to the corresponding input of the inverter, and the input of the control circuit is connected to the control input (see patent for utility model RU No. 131878, IPC G05B 15/00, published on 27.08.2013).

The disadvantage of this device is the high cost of inverters, charger, batteries and their maintenance, large dimensions and weight of the equipment, limited service life of batteries, increased fire safety requirements for the premises for the location of batteries.

A device for covering the peak load of an electric consumer, connected to an alternating current terminal of a public electric network, is known. The inverter is powered by a direct current battery and is connected in parallel at its output to the power supply of the consumer. A measuring device is connected in the circuit connecting the consumer to a control device. With the help of the measuring device, the control device monitors the energy consumption of the consumer, estimates from it the amount of consumed electric energy until the end of a specified time interval, for example, by linear extrapolation, and in the event that the forecast value obtained in this way exceeds a specified threshold value, it puts into operation a power inverter to support the power supply of the consumer, (see patent US 7388364 B2 Int. CI G01R 11/32, dated 17.06.2008).

The disadvantages of this device are the high cost of inverters, chargers, batteries and their maintenance, large dimensions and weight of the equipment, limited service life of batteries, increased fire safety requirements for rooms for the location of batteries, limited capacity of batteries, rapid battery discharge under significant peak loads, loss of the ability to compensate for peak load costs after a short time, leading to disconnection of the household power grid.

A device is known, described in document Dl (US 2009157529 A1, published 18.06.2009), from which a heat supply system is known, consisting of an electric boiler of an autonomous facility, operating in the heating and hot water preparation modes, room heating devices, used under conditions of limited allocated electric power, wherein a device for disconnecting the electric power when the allocated power limit for the facility is exceeded is installed in the power supply circuit of the electric boiler, operating in the heating mode, wherein the design of the electric boiler contains a device for transmitting information about the operation of the electric boiler.

The disadvantage of this design is that the electric boiler, operating in the (heating) mode, when the allocated power limit is exceeded, switches off completely for the entire period of time the allocated power limit is exceeded.

The closest invention in technical essence is the Power Consumption Limiting Device, a method for limiting power consumption, providing the ability to connect equipment exceeding the installed power limit without upgrading the electrical network. The power consumption limiting device consists of a control unit containing: an input line, an output line, a current sensor located at the electrical input to a building or room, a threshold device, a logical processor, a remote control command transmitter, indicator LEDs, and one or more inverter units located at the connection points of the final loads to the internal electrical network, each of which contains: an input line, a load switch, a battery, a charger, an inverter, a control circuit, a remote control command receiver, wherein the interaction of the control unit with the inverter units is carried out using remote control commands (see patent RU No. 2505900 C1, MPCN02N 3/08, H02J 3/14, published on 27.01.2014).

The disadvantage of this invention is the high cost of inverters, charger, batteries and their maintenance, large dimensions and weight of the equipment, limited service life of batteries, increased fire safety requirements for premises for the location of batteries.

Disclosure of the essence of the invention

The technical task is to prevent the automatic switch of the power supply of an autonomous facility from being triggered when the allocated limited power is exceeded, given that the total power of the electrical devices of the autonomous facility, including electrical devices for generating thermal energy, exceeds the allocated limit.

Considering that, according to the data presented above, the share of energy for heating an autonomous facility exceeds half of the total energy consumed, it is proposed to optimize the distribution of electrical energy consumption of only one device - an electric thermal energy generator. Electric thermal generators based on the Joule (resistor) method of converting electrical energy into thermal energy are considered as a generator for converting electrical energy into thermal energy. According to open sources, the share of these devices is more than 95% of all types of electrical heating devices.

In the design of thermal generators of the specified type, a power control system based on triacs shall be used. The use of triacs allows for a reduction in the power increment regulation step to less than the power of a separate electric heating element, for an unlimited number of switchings, and for performing power change operations virtually instantly and silently (in contrast to relay power control circuits). The use of triac power control of an electric thermal energy generator allows for setting the power in a very wide regulation range with arbitrary assignment of temporary upper power limits, the value of which can be changed. In general, the value of the maximum power for heating is equal to the allocated limit of the total power for an autonomous facility minus the total power of all electrical devices of the autonomous facility operating at the given moment in time. Information on the consumed electrical energy at each specific moment in time is available from the voltage values in the electrical shunt located after the automatic switch of the electrical network of the autonomous facility and on a separate branch of the power supply network by all electrical devices of the autonomous facility, except for the electric thermal energy generator. Information about the consumed electrical energy at any given moment in time is transmitted through the power cable that supplies the thermal energy electric generator, if it has a receiver of the shunt current signal.

The computing device located in the electric thermal energy generator assigns the maximum value of the share of free electric energy that can be used to heat an autonomous object at any given time. The operating principle of the heating system with variable values of the maximum generated thermal power is implemented by a seven-stage control system of the electric thermal energy generator. Heated objects have thermal inertia. Inertia is the ability to resist something. Maintaining the required temperature in the room is the most important need of a person, but the walls of the room have a large mass and the temperature inside the room changes slowly. When the heating is turned off for some time or the generation power decreases below the level of compensation for heat losses of the enclosing structure of the room, measured in several tens of minutes, the temperature inside the room will not change. When energy consumption by other electrical devices of the object decreases, the electric thermal energy generator automatically reaches the required power to establish the thermal balance of heat losses of the enclosing structure of the room.

The technical result of the set task is achieved by the ability of the proposed invention to change the value of the maximum power consumption of energy by an electric generator of thermal energy at any time, using the free part of electric energy from the allocated limit minus the total consumption of all other electric devices of the autonomous object. To implement the work, no alteration of the power lines of electric devices is required.

Implementation of the invention

The proposed design of an electric thermal energy generator for an autonomous facility with a limited level of allocated electrical energy consists of:

- an electric thermal energy generator based on the Joule (resistor) conversion of electrical energy into thermal energy;

- systems of triac control of generated thermal power with variable values of maximum electrical power at the current moment of operation;

- systems for receiving a signal from an electrical shunt voltage, receiving the values of the electrical shunt voltage transmitted via the power cable of the electrical power supply of the electrical thermal energy generator;

- a computing device that determines the free portion of electrical energy from the allocated limited electrical power to an autonomous object to determine the current value of the maximum thermal power;

- devices for controlling the operation of an electric thermal energy generator to compensate for heat losses in the enclosing structure of an autonomous facility.

The method of operation of this invention is based on the ability of the design to determine at any given time the amount of free electrical energy that can be spent on heating an autonomous facility with arbitrary use of all other electrical devices located on the autonomous facility. And to implement it using a system of triac control of the generated thermal power of an electric thermal energy generator. This proposed invention is expedient to use in the event that the share of energy for heating an autonomous facility is greater than or equal to half of the total allocated limited electrical power for the autonomous facility.

The proposed invention has the following advantages compared to the prototype and other known technical solutions:

- use without upgrading electrical wiring;

- has the highest energy efficiency;

- low cost of equipment, installation and maintenance work;

- placement of equipment in premises with standard fire safety requirements.

Since the claimed invention differs from the closest analogue by a number of essential features, it meets the patentability requirement of “novelty”.

The claimed invention is based on the known laws of the material world, which allows us to assert that the invention meets the condition of “industrial applicability”.

Since the prior art does not know the design of a thermal energy generator using heating electric elements based on Joule (resistor) heating with a thyristor control of the operating power and a method of operating in the heating mode with the assignment of variable maximum values intended to prevent exceeding the general allocated limits of electric power for an autonomous object, it can be concluded that the claimed device and method comply with the patentability condition of "inventive step".

Claims (2)

1. A system for distributing electrical energy consumption, comprising a thermal energy generator operating on the basis of resistor conversion of electrical energy into thermal energy, with a system of triac control of the generated thermal power, characterized in that it is equipped with an electric shunt located after the automatic switch of the electrical network of the autonomous facility and on a separate branch of the power supply network by all electrical devices of the autonomous facility, except for the electric thermal energy generator, wherein the transmission of the voltage values of the electric shunt is performed via the power cable of the electrical power supply of the thermal energy generator, a system for receiving the voltage signal of the electric shunt, a computing device determining the free portion of electrical energy from the allocated limited power to the autonomous facility after subtracting the total power consumption of all other simultaneously operating electrical devices of the autonomous facility, and determining the current value of the maximum thermal power of the thermal energy generator, a device for controlling the operation of the thermal energy generator to compensate for the thermal losses of the enclosing structure of the autonomous facility with the exclusion of the operation of the thermal energy generator above the value of the maximum permissible electrical power determined at the current moment of operation. 2. The system for distributing the consumption of electrical energy according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the value of the share of electrical energy for heating an autonomous facility is greater than or equal to half of the allocated limited electrical power for the autonomous facility.