RU2628014C2 - Lighting device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: lighting.

SUBSTANCE: lighting device comprises one or more LEDs or one or more LED matrices for generating a light flux emitting in the ultraviolet or blue regions of the optical spectrum, and of two or more secondary remote lenses or multilenses for controlling the light flux, cascaded or cascaded and parallel to the direction of the optical axis of the emission of LED or several LEDs or of one or more LED matrices. In this lighting device luminophor particles or mixtures, converting the emission of the LEDs or LED matrices into the emission of missing parts of the spectrum of the visible range or required wavelengths, are introduced onto the surface of the optically transparent binder or its part or directly into the volume of the multilenses or its part.

EFFECT: extended scope of application of the lighting device by increasing light output, decreasing glare effect, luminophor consumption, increasing reliability and manufacturability.

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Description

The invention relates to instrumentation, and in particular to the field of lighting engineering, and can be used in the design of new energy-efficient semiconductor light sources, including linear LED lamps, designed for direct replacement of low-pressure fluorescent discharge lamps. The invention is aimed at expanding the scope of the device.

A known light device containing several LEDs for forming a light flux and several lenses for controlling the light flux (LED Panel Light. Bulb Lamp LGI 100-240V. Products Brochure LIGHT GREEN / Light Green International Co., Ltd., 2010).

The disadvantage of a light device is a narrow scope due to low light efficiency due to energy losses due to heating of the crystal and a decrease in the light flux when converting the energy of the primary radiation of the LED to its phosphor layer and increasing the temperature of the pn junction and particles of the phosphor layer, a dazzling effect caused by increased brightness of point or point light sources, short life, high cost of LED components and the device as a whole.

Known light device containing an LED matrix for forming a luminous flux and a lens for controlling the luminous flux (CREE Products. Catalog Rainbow Electronics / Rainbow Electronics, 2010).

The disadvantage of a light device is a narrow scope due to low light efficiency due to energy losses due to heating of the crystal and a decrease in the light flux when converting the energy of the primary radiation of the LED to its phosphor layer and increasing the temperature of the pn junction and particles of the phosphor layer, a dazzling effect caused by increased brightness of point or point light sources, short life, high cost of LED components and the device as a whole.

A known light device containing several LEDs for forming a light flux and several lenses for controlling a light flux (Semiconductor lighting technology. Catalog of the Production Alliance Contract-Electronics / Contract-Electronics, 2010).

The disadvantage of a light device is a narrow scope due to low light efficiency due to energy losses due to heating of the crystal and a decrease in the light flux when converting the energy of the primary radiation of the LED to its phosphor layer and increasing the temperature of the pn junction and particles of the phosphor layer, a dazzling effect caused by increased brightness of point or point light sources, short life, high cost of LED components and the device as a whole.

A known light device containing several LEDs for forming a luminous flux and several lenses for controlling the luminous flux (Innovative LED lighting. Product Catalog / Svetorezerv Plant, 2010).

The disadvantage of this device is the narrow scope, which is due to the low luminous efficiency of the device (light device) due to energy losses due to heating the crystal and a decrease in the light flux when the energy of the primary radiation of the LED is converted by its phosphor layer and the working temperature of the pn junction and particles of the phosphor layer are increased, the glare effect caused by the increased brightness of a point or point light sources, short life, high cost of LED components and the device as a whole.

A known light device containing one or more LEDs or one or more LED arrays for forming a luminous flux and one or more lenses for controlling the luminous flux, phosphor particles are introduced onto the surface or part of the surface, or into the volume or part of the volume of the lens or lenses or a mixture of phosphors (P. 106798 RF, MKI H01L 33 \ 00. Light device / EM Silkin. - Application. March 25, 2011. - Publish. July 20, 2011. - Bull. No. 20).

This device is implemented in accordance with the technology of “remote” phosphor, as a result of which increased light efficiency and a certain reduction in the glare effect (action) are provided.

The blinding effect or blinding effect of a light source (light fixture, lighting system) is characterized by indicators of blindness or discomfort. Indicated indicators are established by relevant standards.

For lighting installations of industrial enterprises, the glare index is normalized, depending on the normalized ratio of threshold brightness differences in the presence and absence of glare sources in the field of view. By the blindness index, one can judge the degree of deterioration of visibility under the action of brilliant light sources. The blindness index is calculated according to a special formula through the blindness coefficient, equal to the ratio of threshold brightness differences in the presence and absence of glare sources in the field of view. In this case, the threshold brightness difference is understood as the smallest noticeable difference in the brightness of the object and background.

For residential and public buildings, office buildings, instead of a glare indicator, the indicator of discomfort is normalized. An indicator of discomfort characterizes the degree of inconvenience or tension when there are sources of increased brightness in the field of view. More precisely, it determines the degree of additional tension in visual work caused by the presence of a significant difference in brightness in a lighted room. That is, the indicator of discomfort (an analogue of the blindness indicator) is a criterion for evaluating discomfort brilliance, which causes an unpleasant sensation in the observer with an uneven distribution of brightness in the field of view. The European Light Quality Standards also use a generalized measure of discomfort (UGR). Glossiness is the property of bright objects to cause an unpleasant sensation in the observer (in particular, a feeling of blindness).

To calculate the indicators of blindness and discomfort (a general indicator of discomfort), special engineering techniques have been developed.

The specified light device (P. 106798 of the Russian Federation, MKI H01L 33 \ 00. Light device / EM Silkin. - Application. March 25, 2011. - Publish. July 20, 2011. - Bull. No. 20) is the closest in technical essence to the invention and is selected as a prototype.

The disadvantage of the prototype is a narrow scope, which is due to insufficient light efficiency due to significant energy losses and relatively high glare effect (or action) due to the scattering of radiation of LEDs or LED matrices, the relatively high cost of the device due to the significant consumption of the phosphor, insufficient reliability and, therefore, a short service life, due to the application of a phosphor on the surface of the lenses without a binder material and increased heating of the crystal or crystals of light odiodov or LED matrices energy of the secondary radiation of the phosphor particles insufficient manufacturability of the device due to application of the inconvenience and high consumption of the phosphor (or phosphor mixture).

The invention is aimed at solving the problem of expanding the scope of use of a light device by increasing light output, reducing glare or action (indicators of blindness and discomfort), reducing the phosphor consumption, increasing reliability and manufacturability, which is the purpose of the invention and the technical result.

The specified goal and technical result is achieved in that in a light device containing one or more LEDs, or one or more LED matrices for forming a light flux emitting in the ultraviolet or blue regions of the spectrum of the optical range, and two or more secondary remote lenses, or multi-lenses for controlling the luminous flux installed cascade or cascade and parallel to the direction of the optical axis of the radiation of the LED or several LEDs, or one or more LEDs of matrices, on the surface or on a part of the surface in an optically transparent binder material, or directly into the volume, or into the part of the volume of lenses or multi-lenses, phosphor particles or phosphor mixtures are introduced, which convert the radiation of LEDs or LED matrices into radiation of the missing parts of the visible spectrum or the required lengths waves.

A significant difference that characterizes the invention is the expansion of the scope by further increasing luminous efficiency, reducing the glare effect, reducing the cost and consumption of the phosphor, increasing the reliability and service life, and increasing the technology of manufacturing the device. An increase in the luminous efficiency (overall light output) of the device is achieved by reducing the energy loss due to heating the LED crystal and increasing the luminous flux when converting the energy of the primary radiation of the LED by the phosphor layer and lowering the operating temperature of the pn junction of the LED or LEDs and phosphor particles or phosphor mixture, as well as a greater the efficiency of conversion of the initial light flux (radiation) of the LED or LEDs by phosphor particles placed in an optically transparent bonding material, and reducing light scattering. Particles of different phosphors (mixtures or mixtures) can be placed in different transparent binders on different lenses (or in lens volumes of different materials), which allows you to match the materials used by the refractive indices and brighten, in particular, the optical system used. As a result, the total energy loss of radiation from sources is also significantly reduced. The consumption of the phosphor (mixture) is also reduced due to the possible high-quality redirection (concentration) of the radiation of the sources and the reduction of light scattering. The removal of the phosphor beyond the design of the LED (or LED matrix) in accordance with the proposed technology allows you to create a device (light device) with even less glare. Redirecting (concentrating) the primary radiation of LEDs in the high-energy part of the spectrum of the optical radiation (ultraviolet, violet, blue, blue light) with the help of secondary lenses is easier and more effective due to the higher refractive indices of optically transparent materials for the corresponding wavelengths. The design of the new lighting device provides high reliability and manufacturability (in particular, a decrease in the rate of degradation of materials, the convenience and efficiency of applying phosphor particles or a mixture of phosphors to the surface of secondary lenses, or reducing the consumption of materials). The performance of the device may be optimal for the respective application, which is achieved by parallel (as an option) or cascade (or mixed, that is, cascade and parallel) installation of lenses or multi-lenses. Cascade installation (connection) of secondary lenses means the sequential placement in the space of the lenses in the direction of the optical axis of the radiation of the LED or several LEDs, or one or more LED arrays (depending on what is the radiation source in a particular embodiment of the device). A multi-lens means parallel connection of several lenses into a single design or placing them on one base (the goal is to obtain a distributed source of white or close to it light).

The expansion of the scope of the light device due to the increase in light output, reduce the glare effect or action (indicators of glare and discomfort), reduce the phosphor consumption, increase reliability and manufacturability is the technical result due to the new principle of conversion of the primary radiation energy of an LED from phosphor particles or a mixture of phosphors deposited on the surface in an optically transparent binder, or introduced into the volume or in part of the volume of the optical and a transparent material of lenses (or multi-lenses), features of the new design of a light device with a remote phosphor (cascade or mixed - cascade and parallel installation of secondary lenses or multi-lenses), that is, the distinguishing features of the invention. Thus, the distinguishing features of the claimed light device are significant.

The figure shows a typical design of the inventive lighting device for the case of performing with cascade installation of secondary lenses and placing particles of a phosphor or a mixture of phosphors in a layer of optically transparent binder material.

The light device contains one or more LEDs 1, or one or more LED arrays for the formation of light flux emitting in the ultraviolet or blue spectral regions of the optical range, and two or more secondary remote lenses 2, or multi-lenses for controlling the light flux installed in cascade or cascade and in parallel in the direction of the optical axis of emission of the LED or several LEDs, or one or more LED arrays, to the surface or to a part of the surface in the optical rozrachnom binder, or directly into the volume of the volume or lens or multi-lens administered phosphor particles 3 or a mixture of phosphors that convert radiation LEDs or LED arrays in the missing parts of the radiation spectrum in the visible range of wavelengths or desired.

Radiation in the high-energy part of the spectrum of the optical range corresponds to ultraviolet, violet or blue (and, to a lesser extent, blue) glow. Accordingly, the device uses ultraviolet, violet or blue LEDs (as an option, blue LEDs). Particles of a phosphor or a mixture of phosphors convert high-energy radiation, in whole or in part, to the radiation of the missing parts of the visible spectrum or the required wavelengths (in particular, to obtain white or close to it light). The conversion by means of phosphors of LED radiation in the high-energy part of the spectrum of the optical range to white (or close to it) light is the most effective.

The light fixture in steady state operates as follows. LED 1 (LED matrix) is connected to the secondary power source through the terminals. When applying power to the LED 1, it begins to emit light due to the phenomenon of electroluminescence and the conversion of direct current electric energy into light energy. During operation of the device, part of the energy is dissipated, which leads to heating of the elements. LED 1 or LED matrix emits light energy of certain wavelengths (in the ultraviolet, violet, blue or, optionally, blue regions of the spectrum of the optical range), which is converted by particles 3 of a phosphor or a mixture of phosphors introduced into the internal volume or part of the volume (or deposited on surfaces or parts of surfaces in an optically transparent binder) of an optically transparent lens material 2 (lenses, multi-lenses or multi-lenses). The optically transparent material of lenses 2 acts as a binder for particles 3 of a phosphor or a mixture of phosphors if they are introduced directly into the volume of the lens or lenses (multi-lenses or multi-lenses). Thus, the light source (light fixture) becomes more distributed in space and the spectrum of its radiation in the necessary direction is modified. Due to the conversion of the primary radiation of the LED 1 (matrix) by particles 3 of a phosphor or a mixture of phosphors removed from the volume of the primary lens and remote from the crystal, the light output (ratio of light flux to power consumption, lm / W) of the device increases. Indeed, most of the energy consumed by the device is converted to the energy of light. This is due to a decrease in the pn junction temperature of the LED 1 and particles 3 of the phosphor or a mixture of phosphors, a decrease in the scattering and reflection coefficients of the light in the claimed design of the light device. The secondary remote lens (lens, multi-lens or multi-lens) 2 simultaneously redistributes the light flux of the LED, for example, into a smaller solid angle and (or) changes the shape of the light beam (light intensity curve). The cascading arrangement of lenses (multi-lenses) 2 allows, in particular, to reduce the consumption of phosphor (a mixture of phosphors). Indeed, a lens 2 located closer to the LED 1, for example, focuses the primary radiation of the LED 1 and directs it to the region where the phosphor particles (phosphor mixture) 3 are located on the surface of the removed lens or lenses (multi lenses or multi lenses) 2 in an optically transparent binder or directly in the volume of the lens or lenses (multi-lenses or multi-lenses) 2. The primary radiation of the LED 1 or LEDs, LED matrix or matrices is not reflected back to the semiconductor crystal (s), and the secondary radiation the study of the phosphor particles (phosphor mixture) 3 cannot reach the LED (LEDs, LED matrix or matrices) 1. As a result, additional heating of the crystal (crystals) and phosphor particles 3 does not occur, which reduces radiation energy loss and limits the degradation of parts of the device.

The introduction of phosphor particles (a mixture of phosphors) 3 in an optically transparent binder material (for example, silicone, plastic) increases the efficiency of radiation energy conversion and the manufacturability of the device. The binder material is easily dosed and it is convenient to carry out various technological operations with it, as well as to place the lens system 2 in the required place.

An LED or LEDs (matrix or LED arrays) 1 generate, for example, radiation in the ultraviolet, violet, blue or blue regions of the spectrum of the optical range (made on the basis of heterostructures GaN, InGaN and others). Particles 3 of a phosphor or a mixture of phosphors when exposed to the initial radiation of the LED (1) generate energy in the missing regions of the spectrum (for example, yellow-green or green and red parts of the spectrum of visible light). When mixing the radiation of the LED (1) and phosphor 3, white or close to it light is formed. An LED (light emitting diodes, an LED matrix or arrays) 1 is a semiconductor device (s) that operates, as noted above, when turned on directly and converts the energy of an electric current directly into light radiation due to the phenomenon of electroluminescence.

The power driver of the device is performed according to any of the known schemes for the controlled conversion of alternating current to direct current (with the transformation of the voltage level using a conventional transformer or without it) or alternating current when the LEDs 1 or branches of the LED matrix are turned in parallel.

Compared with the prototype, the luminous efficiency (total light output) of the light device significantly increases. Luminous efficiency of a light source (luminous efficiency of a light fixture) is the ratio of the luminous flux to the total power consumption (lm / W). The luminous flux of the LED decreases when the crystal is heated, and the photoluminescence efficiency decreases when the phosphor particles (or a mixture of phosphors) are heated. A binder in the form of, for example, an optically transparent lens material, into which phosphor particles or a mixture of phosphors in an optically transparent binder material are introduced or deposited, effectively cools the phosphor and also positively affects the scattering and reflection of light. In particular, when the refractive indices (coefficients) of the optically transparent lens material and the phosphor introduced into the volume are equal, the scattering and reflection coefficients are most significantly reduced, which contributes to an increase in the luminosity of the lens. The heating of the LED crystal is caused, inter alia, by the radiation energy scattered in the phosphor and reflected by it (known LED designs with a phosphor layer deposited directly on the crystal) of the pn junction. When phosphor particles are introduced into the internal volume or into a part of the volume or on the surface of an optically transparent lens material in an optically transparent binder, the energy loss in the phosphor does not affect the additional heating of the LED crystal and does not increase its operating temperature and decrease the initial light flux of the LED radiation. These effects are most effective when cascading or mixed (cascading and parallel) installation of secondary remote lenses or multi-lenses (LED or LEDs can be performed with a primary sealing lens or, as an option, without a primary lens). Moreover, the total luminous flux of the LED increases significantly (up to 10%). Thus, to obtain an equal luminous flux from the LED, less power is required from the secondary power source. At the same time, the removal of phosphor particles or a mixture of phosphors from the LED crystal leads to a decrease in the operating temperature of the phosphor particles and an increase in brightness. The luminous efficiency (total light output) of the light device increases. Particles of a phosphor or a mixture of phosphors in the volume or in part of the volume or on the surface of an optically transparent lens material in an optically transparent binder material in the inventive light device perform several functions simultaneously (light scattering, reducing the maximum brightness, modifying the spectrum, increasing the total luminous flux of radiation). In the prototype, the light flux is reduced due to unproductive energy losses in the layers of LED semiconductors and particles of a phosphor or a mixture of phosphors, as well as increased scattering and unproductive losses of light energy. The primary radiation of a light emitting diode (LEDs, matrix, or LED matrixes) in space is not optimally scattered. This is an additional reason for the decrease in luminous efficiency (total light output) of the light device selected for the prototype. Parallel (as an option) or cascade (mixed, that is, cascade and parallel) arrangement of lenses (multi-lenses), and the illumination of the optical system can reduce unproductive radiation losses. The luminous efficiency of the new device can be increased by 5 ÷ 10% compared with the prototype.

The increase in the luminous efficiency of the device expands the scope of its application. The new device can be used in energy-saving lighting systems.

By reducing the scattering, reducing the overall brightness and ensuring the optimal distribution of the light source in space, efficient and optimal installation of secondary remote lenses (multi-lenses), in comparison with the prototype, the glare (blinding and discomfort indicators) of the device is significantly reduced.

Additionally, in comparison with the prototype, the service life and reliability of the inventive lighting device are increased. This is achieved by comprehensively reducing the electrical load on the secondary power source for the device and the operating temperature of the pn junction of the LED and phosphor particles or a mixture of phosphors. The degradation of the structure of the LED and phosphor crystals is reduced. Placing particles of a phosphor or a mixture of phosphors in an optically transparent binder material protects the phosphor layer (s) from adverse environmental influences. According to expert estimates, the service life of a new light fixture can be increased by 1.3–1.5 times.

Compared with the prototype, in addition, the efficiency of the new device is increased by 3 ÷ 4% due to the reduction of electric energy losses in the elements, including the source of secondary power supply of the device, with the same (specified) light flux.

The manufacturability of a new lighting device is increased, as noted above, due to the convenience of using an optically transparent binder material and reducing the consumption of a phosphor or a mixture of phosphors.

Increasing the life of the device, increasing its efficiency and manufacturability of the production of the lighting device significantly expand the scope.

The price of the device is reduced due to the possible saving of an expensive phosphor or a mixture of phosphors and increasing the manufacturability of its manufacture, which also expands the scope of the new lighting device.

Maybe, in comparison with the prototype, the design is significantly simplified and the price of luminaires with the claimed lighting device is reduced by reducing power losses in the elements of the secondary power source and reducing their current load, therefore, due to the possibility of using the elements of the secondary power source at a lower installed power and with a lower price, as well as by simplifying and reducing the cost of manufacturing technology for the entire lamp and reducing the size of the used radiators. This allows the widespread use of the claimed lighting devices in a wide variety of applications.

Compared with the prototype, the overall dimensions of the inventive lighting device (up to 5%) and luminaires based on it can be reduced by optimizing the design (including radiator or radiators), which also expands the scope of new devices.

Claims (1)

A light device containing one or more LEDs, or one or more LED arrays for forming a light flux emitting in the ultraviolet or blue spectral regions of the optical range, and two or more secondary remote lenses, or multi-lenses for controlling the light flux, installed in cascade or cascade and parallel to the direction of the optical axis of emission of the LED or several LEDs, or one or more LED arrays, to the surface or to a part of the surface in the optical a transparent binder material, either directly into the volume, or into part of the volume of lenses or multi-lenses, phosphor particles or phosphor mixtures are introduced, which convert the radiation of LEDs or LED matrices into radiation of the missing parts of the visible spectrum or the required wavelengths.

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