CN102827812A - 诱导型神经干细胞的制备方法及应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种诱导型神经干细胞的制备方法及应用。本发明的诱导型神经干细胞的制备方法包括将外源因子Ascl1、Neurog2、Pax6、Hes1、Id1、Brn2、c-Myc和Klf4在睾丸支持细胞中过表达,然后在含有细胞生长因子的基础培养液中培养,获得诱导型神经干细胞。本发明的诱导型神经干细胞的制备方法将中胚层来源的睾丸支持细胞重编程为外胚层来源的神经干细胞,并且证明这种通过重编程方式获得的神经干细胞在体内或者体外都具有生理学功能,这类细胞比之前用于移植的多能性干细胞更加安全。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及诱导型神经干细胞的制备方法及应用,尤其涉及使细胞不经过多能性状态,直接跨胚层转分化细胞,快速高效的诱导型神经干细胞的制备方法及应用。
背景技术
人们对神经系统疾病的发生机制和治疗手段关注度逐年上升。在当今社会科技进步一日千里,新药开发层出不穷,但不可否认的是,全球范围内神经系统类疾病患者数量与日俱增。诸如帕金森病、阿兹海默病等等神经退行性疾病已经严重降低了患者本人的生活质量,并且增加了患者家庭的生活负担。所以,如何从根本上治疗神经系统疾病,特别是神经退行性疾病已经成为各国学者角逐的热点,我国也十分重视该领域的研究探索。神经退行性疾病的传统治疗手段主要是药物治疗。然而,实际临床中药物治疗多半会引发严重的并发症(Willis,G.L.,The therapeutic effects of dopamine replacement therapy and its psychiatric side effects are mediated bypineal function.Behav Brain Res,2005.160(1):p.148-60.)。神经退行性疾病产生的原因多是脑内特定区域某种神经元大量凋亡。研究发现哺乳动物包括人类,神经系统的再生能力很差,所以未来有效治疗神经退行性疾病依赖于神经干细胞或神经元的细胞移植。由于手术需要大量符合临床标准的神经细胞,所以开发一种可靠的细胞资源尤为重要。多能性胚胎干细胞可以分化为各种类型的神经细胞,但是诱导效率很低,移植后有致瘤风险。考虑到手术后的临床并发症和社会伦理问题,用患者自体的神经组织进行细胞移植更具有应用价值(Chen,Z.and T.D.Palmer,Cellular repairof CNS disorders:an immunological perspective.Hum Mol Genet,2008.17(R1):p.R84-92.)。之前的研究表明,在体细胞中过表达某些重要基因,可以获得与原来供体细胞遗传背景一致的诱导多能性干细胞(iPSCs)(Takahashi,K.and S.Yamanaka,Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adult fibroblast cultures by defined factors.Cell,2006.126(4):p.663-76.)和诱导型神经元(iNs)(Vierbuchen,T.,et al.,Direct conversion of fibroblasts tofunctional neurons by defined factors.Nature.463(7284):p.1035-41)。虽然iPSCs细胞可以源源不断的产生神经前体细胞,但是移植后产生的致瘤性问题制约了这类多能性干细胞的临床应用(Wernig,M.,et al.,Neurons derived from reprogrammed fibroblasts functionallyintegrate into the fetal brain and improve symptoms of ratswith Parkinson′s disease.Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A,2008.105(15):p.5856-61.)。相反,iNs细胞完全不能进行细胞分裂,所以移植回病患处后很难体内存活。除此之外,之前研究得到的iNs细胞只能是一类外周神经元,通过直接诱导手段获得其它类型神经元暂时未见报道。
为了达到更加安全有效的临床效果,开发一种可靠稳定获得神经干细胞的诱导方法非常急迫。
发明内容
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种可以使细胞不经过多能性状态,直接跨胚层转分化睾丸支持细胞,快速高效的诱导型神经干细胞(iNSCs)的制备方法,并且证明这种通过重编程方式获得的神经干细胞在体内或者体外都具有生理学功能,这类细胞比之前用于移植的多能性干细胞更加安全。
本发明的制备诱导型神经干细胞的方法,包括将外源因子Ascl1、Neurog2、Pax6、Hes1、Id1、Brn2、c-Myc和Klf4在睾丸支持细胞中过表达,然后在含有细胞生长因子的基础培养液中培养,获得诱导型神经干细胞。
优选地,本发明的制备诱导型神经干细胞的方法中,所述细胞生长因子为EGF和bFGF。
优选地,本发明的制备诱导型神经干细胞的方法中,所述EGF和所述bFGF均为20纳克/毫升。
优选地,本发明的制备诱导型神经干细胞的方法中,所述基础培养液为N2B27培养液。
优选地,本发明的制备诱导型神经干细胞的方法中,所述培养在D型多聚赖氨酸(PDL)和层粘连蛋白(Laminin)包被的的培养皿中进行。
优选地,本发明的制备诱导型神经干细胞的方法中,所述外源因子Ascl1、Neurog2、Pax6、Hesl、Id1、Brn2、c-Myc和Klf4在睾丸支持细胞中过表达的方法为:将外源因子Ascl1、Neurog2、Pax6、Hesl、Id1、Brn2、c-Myc和Klf4的cDNA分别克隆到逆转录病毒载体上,获得重组载体,将所述重组载体分别包装成病毒,利用所述病毒感染睾丸支持细胞。
优选地,本发明的制备诱导型神经干细胞的方法中,所述病毒感染睾丸支持细胞按照如下步骤进行:
200,000个所述病毒感染睾丸支持细胞中,加入每种外源因子的浓缩病毒,同时加入含4微克/毫升的聚凝胺的睾丸支持细胞培养液,感染24小时,然后换成正常的睾丸支持细胞培养液,恢复培养24小时,重复感染、恢复培养一次。
优选地,本发明的制备诱导型神经干细胞的方法中,所述睾丸支持细胞按照如下步骤制备:
去掉小鼠睾丸的白膜,然后分三步进行消化:(一)0.1%胶原酶IV 37℃消化20分钟;(二)同时用0.1%胶原酶IV和0.1%透明质酸酶37℃消化10分钟,消化后以PBS清洗;(三),0.1%胶原酶IV、0.1%透明质酸酶、0.25%胰酶、0.04%DNA酶I的混合物,37℃消化20分钟,用胎牛血清终止消化,200目的细胞筛过滤细胞,再用DMEM/F12培养液清洗两次,培养在睾丸支持细胞培养液中,睾丸支持细胞培养液的成分是:DMEM/F12,10%FBS,100U/ml青霉素,100μg/ml链霉素。
本发明的另一个目的是提供上述的方法制备的诱导型神经干细胞。
本发明的诱导型神经干细胞可在制备治疗神经退行性疾病的药物中应用。
经典的发育生物学理论指出,睾丸支持细胞是一类来自中胚层的特化体细胞,成熟后细胞便不再分裂,更不具有多能性,生理功能主要是提供精子发生的微环境。
本发明从体内分离得到高纯度的睾丸支持细胞,确定不存在神经细胞污染的前提下,通过过表达仅8个外源转录因子,在适当的培养体系中,不经过多能性状态,成功将中胚层来源的睾丸支持细胞直接重编程为外胚层来源的神经干细胞。经过从分子水平到生理水平的系统检测,这些诱导获得的神经干细胞(iNSCs)可以在体外稳定传代,与正常神经干细胞相比拥有相同的细胞形态和增殖周期,免疫荧光检测发现iNSC表达与NSC一样的分子标记物,如:Nestin,Olig2,Pax6以及Sox2,基因芯片结果证实iNSC整个基因组的表达情况也与阳性对照高度相似;功能上,iNSCs可以维持自我更新并可以被高效诱导分化成为各种有电生理功能的神经元和胶质细胞,如多巴胺能神经元、γ-氨基丁酸神经元和乙酰胆碱能神经元。重要的是,将这些诱导得到的细胞移植回小鼠脑部海马区的齿状回后,iNSCs可以正常存活并与周围神经元形成突触连接。上述结果证明iNSCs将会成为一种用于临床治疗神经退行性疾病和新药物筛选的细胞资源。
附图说明
以下,结合附图来详细说明本发明的实施方案,其中:
图1A:iNSC表达神经干细胞的特异性蛋白-Nestin;
图1B:iNSC表达神经干细胞的特异性蛋白-Olig2;
图1C:全基因组表达谱分析显示iNSC更接近于正常的神经干细胞,并区别于其供体细胞-睾丸支持细胞,三组细胞从左至右依次为睾丸支持细胞、正常型神经干细胞、诱导型神经干细胞。
图2A:iNSC可以分化为MAP2和GABA双阳性的神经元;
图2B:iNSC可以分化为MAP2和TH双阳性的神经元;
图2C:iNSC在分化2周到3周过程中,显示出正常的电生理活动。
图3GFP标记的iNSC在植入小鼠大脑海马齿状回区域后,可以正常存活。
具体实施方式
Ascl1:Gene ID:17172
Neurog2:Gene ID:11924
Pax6:Gene ID:18508
Hes1:Gene ID:15205
Id1:Gene ID:15901
Brn2:Gene ID:18992
c-Myc:Gene ID:17869
Klf4:Gene ID:16600
实施例1
睾丸支持细胞的分离:
利用一种改进的方法(Richardson,L.L.,H.K.Kleinman,and M.Dym,Basement membrane gene expressionby Sertoli and peritubular myoid cells invitro in the rat.Biol Reprod,1995.52(2):p.320-30.)可以分离到高纯度的睾丸支持细胞。具体步骤如下:
取出生后5天的小鼠的睾丸。将睾丸的白膜去掉。然后分三步进行消化:(一)0.1%(质量百分比)胶原酶IV,37℃消化20分钟;(二)同时用0.1%(质量百分比)胶原酶IV和0.1%(质量百分比)透明质酸酶,37℃消化10分钟,消化后应以PBS清洗;(三)0.1%(质量百分比)胶原酶IV,0.1%(质量百分比)透明质酸酶,0.25%(质量百分比)胰酶,0.04%(质量百分比)DNA酶I的混合物,37℃消化20分钟,使用胎牛血清(FBS,Invitrogen)终止消化,使用200目的细胞筛过滤细胞,再用DMEM/F12培养液清洗两次,培养在睾丸支持细胞培养液中,培养液的成分是:DMEM/F12,10%FBS,100U/ml青霉素,100μg/ml链霉素,在37℃,5%CO2的环境中培养,细胞长满约80%后进行传代或者冻存。
诱导型神经干细胞(iNSC)的诱导:
将外源因子Ascl1、Neurog2、Pax6、Hes1、Id1、Brn2、c-Myc和Klf4)和EGFP的cDNA分别克隆到逆转录病毒载体上(Takahashi,K.and S.Yamanaka,Induction of pluripotent stem cells from mouse embryonic and adultfibroblast cultures by defined factors.Cell,2006.126(4):p.663-76),得到重组载体,再将重组载体分别转入gag/pol-293T细胞中进行病毒包装,并利用超滤/超速离心的方法进行病毒的浓缩,浓缩后的病毒保存于-80°待用。浓缩后的病毒感染293T细胞,并利用倍比稀释法检测病毒的滴度。
利用EGFP病毒感染睾丸支持细胞,发现感染效率只有30%左右,这可能与睾丸支持细胞增殖速度慢有关。
约200,000个供体细胞中,每种因子的浓缩病毒加入10微升,同时加入polybrene(终浓度为4微克/毫升),感染约24小时,然后换成正常的睾丸支持细胞培养液,恢复培养24小时,重复感染/恢复培养一次,以提高供体细胞的感染效率。此后,将细胞接种到PDL和Laminin包被的培养皿中,利用N2B27培养液进行培养,同时加入EGF(20纳克/毫升)和bFGF(20纳克/毫升)两种细胞生长因子(Ying,Q.L.,et al.,Conversion of embryonic stem cellsinto neuroectodermal precursors in adherent monoculture.Nat Biotechnol,2003.21(2):p.183-6.),于37°,5%CO2中进行培养,iNSC的细胞集落会在接种后的3天之内形成。在诱导过程中,每两天进行换液。iNSC细胞系会在约一个月之内建立。
诱导型神经干细胞(iNSC)的体外分化检测
神经元分化:约5,000-10,000个iNSC细胞接种到PDL和Laminin包被的24孔板中,加入含BDNF(10纳克/毫升)和NT-3(10纳克/毫升)的N2B27培养液,每三天进行半量换液。在体外分化培养2周后,将N2B27培养液中BDNF和NT-3的浓度都提高到20纳克/毫升。
在分化培养2周时,部分细胞会表达MAP2和NeuN两种神经元的标记蛋白,同时会有部分细胞表达少突胶质细胞的标记蛋白O4,在分化培养3周时,部分细胞会表达TH,GABA,ChAT等特殊类型的神经元的标记蛋白。
星形胶质细胞的分化(Conti,L.,et al.,Niche-independent symmetricalself-renewal of a mammalian tissue stem cell.PLoS Biol,2005.3(9):p.e283.):将iNSC培养于含细胞因子BMP4(10纳克/毫升)N2B27培养液中。表达GFAP的星形胶质细胞会在几天之内出现。
诱导型神经干细胞(iNSC)体外电生理检测
iNSCs在分化后2到3周时,进行电生理功能的记录。培养神经元的玻璃片的放置于不断通入氧气和二氧化碳的人工脑脊液中(ASCF),ASCF的配方是:NaCl 119mM,NaHCO326.2mM,葡萄糖11mM,KCl 2.5mM,K2HPO41.0mM,CaCl22.5mM,MgCl21.3mM。在全细胞电流钳模式下,记录自发性和刺激性动作电位,在全细胞电压钳模式下,记录离子通道依赖性的电流。电极内液的成分是:葡糖酸钾120mM,NaCl 5mM,KCl 10mM,MgCl21mM,EGTA 1mM,Hepes 10mM,ATP 2mM,GTP 0.5mM,利用1MKOH将pH值调节至7.2。
结果表明(见图2),iNSCs可以维持自我更新并分化成为各种有电生理功能的神经元,如多巴胺能神经元、γ-氨基丁酸神经元和乙酰胆碱能神经元。
诱导型神经干细胞(iNSC)的体内移植实验
利用表达绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)的病毒感染iNSC,获得持续表达GFP的iNSC细胞,用于移植。首先对待移植的小鼠进行麻醉,麻醉剂配方是80mg/kgKetamine和10mg/kg xylazine。利用小鼠脑立体定位仪进行细胞移植,每侧海马的齿状回中移植入约105个iNSC。移植后的第2周,3周,4周对移植的小鼠的海马齿状回进行免疫荧光检测。集体步骤是:先利用0.9%生理盐水和4%多聚甲醛进行灌流,然后全出全脑在4%多聚甲醛中固定过夜,再利用30%蔗糖溶液进行脱水,脱水2-3天后进行切片和免疫荧光鉴定,移植后2周,可以观察到表达GFP的iNSC分布在海马齿状回中,移植后3-4周,可以检测到NeuN和Synapsin等成熟的神经元的标记蛋白,证明iNSC可以在体内存活,分化,并于其他神经元建立功能性连接。
结果表明(见图3),这些诱导得到的细胞移植回小鼠脑部海马区的齿状回后,iNSCs可以正常存活并与周围神经元形成突触连接。证明iNSCs将会成为一种用于临床治疗神经退行性疾病和新药物筛选的细胞资源。
全基因组表达谱分析
利用Illumina公司MouseWG-6v2.0 Expression BeadChips类型芯片,我们在细胞转录水平进行了比较分析。分别从NSC细胞iNSC细胞和睾丸支持细胞中提取总RNA,每个细胞系分别有三个技术重复。在R环境中处理芯片原始数据,线性化的数据用empirical Bayes方法分析,选择的差异基因必须保证2倍以上变化倍数并且P值小于0.05。数据聚类分析使用Euclidean distance matrix and complete linkage clustering方法。
结果表明(见图1),这些诱导获得的神经干细胞(iNSCs)表达与正常神经干细胞一样的分子标记物,整个基因组的表达情况也与阳性对照高度相似。
Claims (10)
1.一种制备诱导型神经干细胞的方法,包括将外源因子Ascl1、Neurog2、Pax6、Hes1、Id1、Brn2、c-Myc和Klf4在睾丸支持细胞中过表达,然后在含有细胞生长因子的基础培养液中培养,获得诱导型神经干细胞。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述细胞生长因子为EGF和bFGF。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述EGF和所述bFGF均为20纳克/毫升。
4.根据权利要求1或2或3所述的方法,其特征在于,所述基础培养液为N2B27培养液。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述培养在D型多聚赖氨酸和层粘连蛋白包被的的培养皿中进行。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述外源因子Ascl1、Neurog2、Pax6、Hes1、Id1、Brn2、c-Myc和Klf4在睾丸支持细胞中过表达的方法为:将外源因子Ascl1、Neurog2、Pax6、Hes1、Id1、Brn2、c-Myc和Klf4的cDNA分别克隆到逆转录病毒载体上,获得重组载体,将所述重组载体包装成病毒,利用所述病毒感染睾丸支持细胞。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述病毒感染睾丸支持细胞按照如下步骤进行:
200,000个所述病毒感染睾丸支持细胞中,加入每种外源因子的浓缩病毒,同时加入含4微克/毫升的聚凝胺的睾丸支持细胞培养液,感染24小时,然后换成正常的睾丸支持细胞培养液,恢复培养24小时,重复感染、恢复培养一次。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述睾丸支持细胞按照如下步骤制备:
去掉睾丸的白膜,然后分三步进行消化:(一)0.1%胶原酶IV 37℃消化20分钟;(二)同时用0.1%胶原酶IV和0.1%透明质酸酶37℃消化10分钟,消化后以PBS清洗;(三),0.1%胶原酶IV、0.1%透明质酸酶、0.25%胰酶、0.04%DNA酶I的混合物,37℃消化20分钟,用胎牛血清终止消化,200目的细胞筛过滤细胞,再用DMEM/F12培养液清洗两次,培养在睾丸支持细胞培养液中,睾丸支持细胞培养液的成分是:DMEM/F12,10%FBS,100U/ml青霉素,100μg/ml链霉素。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的方法制备的诱导型神经干细胞。
10.权利要求9所述的诱导型神经干细胞在制备治疗神经退行性疾病的药物中的应用。
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