word "status" in the passage is closest in meaning to

○ origin

○ importance

○ quality

○ design

According to paragraph 2, which of the following is true of Chinese ceramics?

○ The function of ceramics remained the same from dynasty to

○ The use of ceramics as trade objects is better documented than the use of ceramics as ritual

○ There was little variation in quality for any type of ceramics over

○ Some religious sculptures were made using the earthenware type of

Paragraph 3: The earliest ceramics were fired to earthenware temperatures, but as early as the fifteenth century , high-temperature stonewares were being made with glazed During the Six Dynasties period (AD 265-589), kilns in north China were producing high-fired ceramics of good Whitewares produced in Hebei and Henan provinces from the seventh to the tenth centuries evolved into the highly prized porcelains of the Song dynasty ( 960-1279), long regarded as one of the high points in the history of China's ceramic The tradition of religious sculpture extends over most historical periods but is less clearly delineated than that of stonewares or porcelains, for it embraces the old custom of earthenware burial ceramics with later religious images and architectural Ceramic products also include lead-glazed tomb models of the Han dynasty, three-color lead-glazed vessels and figures of the Tang dynasty, and Ming three-color temple ornaments, in which the motifs were outlined in a raised trail of slip-as well as the many burial ceramics produced in imitation of vessels made in materials of higher intrinsic

The word "evolve" in the passage is closest in meaning to

○ divided

○ extended

○ developed

○ vanished

Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential

○ While stonewares and porcelains are found throughout most historical periods, religious sculpture is limited to the ancient

○ Religious sculpture was created in most periods, but its history is less clear than that of stonewares or porcelains because some old forms continued to be used even when new ones were

○ While stonewares and porcelains changed throughout history, religious sculpture remained uniform in form and

○ The historical development of religious sculpture is relatively unclear because religious sculptures sometimes resemble earthenware architectural

Paragraph 3 supports all of the following concerning the history of the ceramic industry in China EXCEPT:

○ The earliest high-fired ceramics were of poor

○ Ceramics produced during the Tang and Ming dynasties sometimes incorporated multiple

○ Earthenware ceramics were produced in China before stonewares

○ The Song dynasty period was notable for the production of high quality porcelain

Paragraph 4: Trade between the West and the settled and prosperous Chinese dynasties introduced new forms and different One of the most far-reaching examples is the impact of the fine ninth-century Chinese porcelain wares imported into the Arab So admired were these pieces that they encouraged the development of earthenware made in imitation of porcelain and instigated research into the method of their From the Middle East the Chinese acquired a blue pigment-a purified form of cobalt oxide unobtainable at that time in China-that contained only a low level of Cobalt ores found in China have a high manganese content, which produces a more muted blue-gray In the seventeenth century, the trading activities of the Dutch East India Company resulted in vast quantities of decorated Chinese porcelain being brought to Europe, which stimulated and influenced the work of a wide variety of wares, notably The Chinese themselves adapted many specific vessel forms from the West, such as bottles with long spouts, and designed a range of decorative patterns especially for the European

The word "instigate" in the passage is closest in meaning to

○ improved

○ investigated

○ narrowed

○ caused

According to paragraph 4, one consequence of the trade of Chinese ceramics was

○ the transfer of a distinctive blue pigment from China to the Middle East

○ an immediate change from earthenware production to porcelain production in European countries

○ Chinese production of wares made for the European market

○ a decreased number of porcelain vessels available on the European market

Paragraph 5: Just as painted designs on Greek pots may seem today to be purely decorative,whereas in fact they were carefully and precisely worked out so that at the time, their meaning was clear, so it is with Chinese To twentieth-century eyes, Chinese pottery may appear merely decorative, yet to the Chinese the form of each object and its adornment had meaning and The dragon represented the emperor, and the phoenix, the empress; the pomegranate indicated fertility, and a pair of fish, happiness; mandarin ducks stood for wedded bliss; the pine tree, peach, and crane are emblems of long life; and fish leaping from waves indicated success in the civil service Only when European decorative themes were introduced did these meanings become obscured or even

The word "whereas" in the passage is closest in meaning to

○ while

○ previously

○ surprisingly

○ because

In paragraph 5, the author compares the designs on Chinese pots to those on Greek pots in order to

○ emphasize that while Chinese pots were decorative, Greek pots were functional

○ argue that the designs on Chinese pots had specific meanings and were not just decorative

○ argue that twentieth-century scholars are better able to understand these designs than were ancient scholars

○ explain how scholars have identified the meaning of specific images on Chinese pots

Which of the following is mentioned in paragraph 5 as being symbolically represented on Chinese ceramics?

○ Chinese rulers

○ love of homeland

○ loyally to friends

○ success in trade

Paragraph 5 suggests which of the following about the decorations on Chinese pottery?

○ They had more importance for aristocrats than for ordinary

○ Their significance may have remained clear had the Chinese not come under foreign

○ They contain some of the same images that appear on Greek pots

○ Their significance is now as clear to twentieth century observers as it was to the early

Paragraph 6: From early times pots were used in both religious and secular The imperial court commissioned work and in the Yuan dynasty ( 1279-1368) an imperial ceramic factory was established at Pots played an important part in some religious Long and often lyrical descriptions of the different types of ware exist that assist in classifying pots, although these sometimes confuse an already large and complicated

The word "these" in the passage refers to

○ religious ceremonies

○ descriptions

○ types of ware

○ pots

Paragraph 4: Trade between the West and the settled and prosperous Chinese dynasties introduced new forms and different One of the most far-reaching examples is the impact of the fine ninth-century Chinese porcelain wares imported into the Arab ■So admired were these pieces that they encouraged the development of earthenware made in imitation of porcelain and instigated research into the method of their ■From the Middle East the Chinese acquired a blue pigment-a purified form of cobalt oxide unobtainable at that time in China-that contained only a low level of Cobalt ores found in China have a high manganese content, which produces a more muted blue-gray ■In the seventeenth century, the trading activities of the Dutch East India Company resulted in vast quantities of decorated Chinese porcelain being brought to Europe, which stimulated and influenced the work of a wide variety of wares, notably ■The Chinese themselves adapted many specific vessel forms from the West, such as bottles with long spouts, and designed a range of decorative patterns especially for the European

Look at the four squares [■]that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the

Foreign trade was also responsible for certain innovations in

Where could the sentence best fit?

An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer that express the most important ideas in the Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the This question is worth 2

Ceramics have been produced in China for a very long

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●

●

Answer choices

○ The Chinese produced earthenware, stoneware, and porcelain pottery and they used their ceramics for a variety of utilitarian, architectural, and ceremonial

○ The shape and decoration of ceramics produced for religious use in China were influenced by Chinese ceramics produced for

○ As a result of trade relations, Chinese ceramic production changed and Chinese influenced the ceramics production of other

○ Chinese burial ceramics have the longest and most varied history of production and were frequently decorated with written texts that help scholars date

○ Before China had contact with the West, the meaning of various designs used to decorate Chinese ceramics was well

○ Ceramics made in imperial factories were used in both religious and non-religious