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#!/usr/bin/env python
'''@package dctopo
Data center network topology creation and drawing.
@author Brandon Heller (brandonh@stanford.edu)
This package includes code to create and draw networks with a regular,
repeated structure. The main class is StructuredTopo, which augments the
standard Mininet Topo object with layer metadata plus convenience functions to
enumerate up, down, and layer edges.
'''
from mininet.topo import Topo
PORT_BASE = 1 # starting index for OpenFlow switch ports
class NodeID(object):
'''Topo node identifier.'''
def __init__(self, dpid = None):
'''Init.
@param dpid dpid
'''
# DPID-compatible hashable identifier: opaque 64-bit unsigned int
self.dpid = dpid
def __str__(self):
'''String conversion.
@return str dpid as string
'''
return str(self.dpid)
def name_str(self):
'''Name conversion.
@return name name as string
'''
return str(self.dpid)
def ip_str(self):
'''Name conversion.
@return ip ip as string
'''
hi = (self.dpid & 0xff0000) >> 16
mid = (self.dpid & 0xff00) >> 8
lo = self.dpid & 0xff
return "10.%i.%i.%i" % (hi, mid, lo)
class StructuredNodeSpec(object):
'''Layer-specific vertex metadata for a StructuredTopo graph.'''
def __init__(self, up_total, down_total, up_speed, down_speed,
type_str = None):
'''Init.
@param up_total number of up links
@param down_total number of down links
@param up_speed speed in Gbps of up links
@param down_speed speed in Gbps of down links
@param type_str string; model of switch or server
'''
self.up_total = up_total
self.down_total = down_total
self.up_speed = up_speed
self.down_speed = down_speed
self.type_str = type_str
class StructuredEdgeSpec(object):
'''Static edge metadata for a StructuredTopo graph.'''
def __init__(self, speed = 1.0):
'''Init.
@param speed bandwidth in Gbps
'''
self.speed = speed
class StructuredTopo(Topo):
'''Data center network representation for structured multi-trees.'''
def __init__(self, node_specs, edge_specs):
'''Create StructuredTopo object.
@param node_specs list of StructuredNodeSpec objects, one per layer
@param edge_specs list of StructuredEdgeSpec objects for down-links,
one per layer
'''
super(StructuredTopo, self).__init__()
self.node_specs = node_specs
self.edge_specs = edge_specs
def def_nopts(self, layer):
'''Return default dict for a structured topo.
@param layer layer of node
@return d dict with layer key/val pair, plus anything else (later)
'''
return {'layer': layer}
def layer(self, name):
'''Return layer of a node
@param name name of switch
@return layer layer of switch
'''
return self.node_info[name]['layer']
def isPortUp(self, port):
''' Returns whether port is facing up or down
@param port port number
@return portUp boolean is port facing up?
'''
return port % 2 == PORT_BASE
def layer_nodes(self, layer):
'''Return nodes at a provided layer.
@param layer layer
@return names list of names
'''
def is_layer(n):
'''Returns true if node is at layer.'''
return self.layer(n) == layer
nodes = [n for n in self.g.nodes() if is_layer(n)]
return nodes
def up_nodes(self, name):
'''Return edges one layer higher (closer to core).
@param name name
@return names list of names
'''
layer = self.layer(name) - 1
nodes = [n for n in self.g[name] if self.layer(n) == layer]
return nodes
def down_nodes(self, name):
'''Return edges one layer higher (closer to hosts).
@param name name
@return names list of names
'''
layer = self.layer(name) + 1
nodes = [n for n in self.g[name] if self.layer(n) == layer]
return nodes
def up_edges(self, name):
'''Return edges one layer higher (closer to core).
@param name name
@return up_edges list of name pairs
'''
edges = [(name, n) for n in self.up_nodes(name)]
return edges
def down_edges(self, name):
'''Return edges one layer lower (closer to hosts).
@param name name
@return down_edges list of name pairs
'''
edges = [(name, n) for n in self.down_nodes(name)]
return edges
# def draw(self, filename = None, edge_width = 1, node_size = 1,
# node_color = 'g', edge_color = 'b'):
# '''Generate image of RipL network.
#
# @param filename filename w/ext to write; if None, show topo on screen
# @param edge_width edge width in pixels
# @param node_size node size in pixels
# @param node_color node color (ex 'b' , 'green', or '#0000ff')
# @param edge_color edge color
# '''
# import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
#
# pos = {} # pos[vertex] = (x, y), where x, y in [0, 1]
# for layer in range(len(self.node_specs)):
# v_boxes = len(self.node_specs)
# height = 1 - ((layer + 0.5) / v_boxes)
#
# layer_nodes = sorted(self.layer_nodes(layer, False))
# h_boxes = len(layer_nodes)
# for j, dpid in enumerate(layer_nodes):
# pos[dpid] = ((j + 0.5) / h_boxes, height)
#
# fig = plt.figure(1)
# fig.clf()
# ax = fig.add_axes([0, 0, 1, 1], frameon = False)
#
# draw_networkx_nodes(self.g, pos, ax = ax, node_size = node_size,
# node_color = node_color, with_labels = False)
# # Work around networkx bug; does not handle color arrays properly
# for edge in self.edges(False):
# draw_networkx_edges(self.g, pos, [edge], ax = ax,
# edge_color = edge_color, width = edge_width)
#
# # Work around networkx modifying axis limits
# ax.set_xlim(0, 1.0)
# ax.set_ylim(0, 1.0)
# ax.set_axis_off()
#
# if filename:
# plt.savefig(filename)
# else:
# plt.show()
class FatTreeTopo(StructuredTopo):
'''Three-layer homogeneous Fat Tree.
From "A scalable, commodity data center network architecture, M. Fares et
al. SIGCOMM 2008."
'''
LAYER_CORE = 0
LAYER_AGG = 1
LAYER_EDGE = 2
LAYER_HOST = 3
class FatTreeNodeID(NodeID):
'''Fat Tree-specific node.'''
def __init__(self, pod = 0, sw = 0, host = 0, dpid = None, name = None):
'''Create FatTreeNodeID object from custom params.
Either (pod, sw, host) or dpid must be passed in.
@param pod pod ID
@param sw switch ID
@param host host ID
@param dpid optional dpid
@param name optional name
'''
if dpid:
self.pod = (dpid & 0xff0000) >> 16
self.sw = (dpid & 0xff00) >> 8
self.host = (dpid & 0xff)
self.dpid = dpid
elif name:
pod, sw, host = [int(s) for s in name.split('_')]
self.pod = pod
self.sw = sw
self.host = host
self.dpid = (pod << 16) + (sw << 8) + host
else:
self.pod = pod
self.sw = sw
self.host = host
self.dpid = (pod << 16) + (sw << 8) + host
def __str__(self):
return "(%i, %i, %i)" % (self.pod, self.sw, self.host)
def name_str(self):
'''Return name string'''
return "%i_%i_%i" % (self.pod, self.sw, self.host)
def mac_str(self):
'''Return MAC string'''
return "00:00:00:%02x:%02x:%02x" % (self.pod, self.sw, self.host)
def ip_str(self):
'''Return IP string'''
return "10.%i.%i.%i" % (self.pod, self.sw, self.host)
"""
def _add_port(self, src, dst):
'''Generate port mapping for new edge.
Since Node IDs are assumed hierarchical and unique, we don't need to
maintain a port mapping. Instead, compute port values directly from
node IDs and topology knowledge, statelessly, for calls to self.port.
@param src source switch DPID
@param dst destination switch DPID
'''
pass
"""
def def_nopts(self, layer, name = None):
'''Return default dict for a FatTree topo.
@param layer layer of node
@param name name of node
@return d dict with layer key/val pair, plus anything else (later)
'''
d = {'layer': layer}
if name:
id = self.id_gen(name = name)
# For hosts only, set the IP
if layer == self.LAYER_HOST:
d.update({'ip': id.ip_str()})
d.update({'mac': id.mac_str()})
d.update({'dpid': "%016x" % id.dpid})
return d
def __init__(self, k = 4, speed = 1.0):
'''Init.
@param k switch degree
@param speed bandwidth in Gbps
'''
core = StructuredNodeSpec(0, k, None, speed, type_str = 'core')
agg = StructuredNodeSpec(k / 2, k / 2, speed, speed, type_str = 'agg')
edge = StructuredNodeSpec(k / 2, k / 2, speed, speed,
type_str = 'edge')
host = StructuredNodeSpec(1, 0, speed, None, type_str = 'host')
node_specs = [core, agg, edge, host]
edge_specs = [StructuredEdgeSpec(speed)] * 3
super(FatTreeTopo, self).__init__(node_specs, edge_specs)
self.k = k
self.id_gen = FatTreeTopo.FatTreeNodeID
self.numPods = k
self.aggPerPod = k / 2
pods = range(0, k)
core_sws = range(1, k / 2 + 1)
agg_sws = range(k / 2, k)
edge_sws = range(0, k / 2)
hosts = range(2, k / 2 + 2)
for p in pods:
for e in edge_sws:
edge_id = self.id_gen(p, e, 1).name_str()
edge_opts = self.def_nopts(self.LAYER_EDGE, edge_id)
self.add_switch(edge_id, **edge_opts)
for h in hosts:
host_id = self.id_gen(p, e, h).name_str()
host_opts = self.def_nopts(self.LAYER_HOST, host_id)
self.add_host(host_id, **host_opts)
self.add_link(host_id, edge_id)
for a in agg_sws:
agg_id = self.id_gen(p, a, 1).name_str()
agg_opts = self.def_nopts(self.LAYER_AGG, agg_id)
self.add_switch(agg_id, **agg_opts)
self.add_link(edge_id, agg_id)
for a in agg_sws:
agg_id = self.id_gen(p, a, 1).name_str()
c_index = a - k / 2 + 1
for c in core_sws:
core_id = self.id_gen(k, c_index, c).name_str()
core_opts = self.def_nopts(self.LAYER_CORE, core_id)
self.add_switch(core_id, **core_opts)
self.add_link(core_id, agg_id)
def port(self, src, dst):
'''Get port number (optional)
Note that the topological significance of DPIDs in FatTreeTopo enables
this function to be implemented statelessly.
@param src source switch DPID
@param dst destination switch DPID
@return tuple (src_port, dst_port):
src_port: port on source switch leading to the destination switch
dst_port: port on destination switch leading to the source switch
'''
src_layer = self.layer(src)
dst_layer = self.layer(dst)
src_id = self.id_gen(name = src)
dst_id = self.id_gen(name = dst)
LAYER_CORE = 0
LAYER_AGG = 1
LAYER_EDGE = 2
LAYER_HOST = 3
if src_layer == LAYER_HOST and dst_layer == LAYER_EDGE:
src_port = 0
dst_port = (src_id.host - 2) * 2 + 1
elif src_layer == LAYER_EDGE and dst_layer == LAYER_CORE:
src_port = (dst_id.sw - 2) * 2
dst_port = src_id.pod
elif src_layer == LAYER_EDGE and dst_layer == LAYER_AGG:
src_port = (dst_id.sw - self.k / 2) * 2
dst_port = src_id.sw * 2 + 1
elif src_layer == LAYER_AGG and dst_layer == LAYER_CORE:
src_port = (dst_id.host - 1) * 2
dst_port = src_id.pod
elif src_layer == LAYER_CORE and dst_layer == LAYER_AGG:
src_port = dst_id.pod
dst_port = (src_id.host - 1) * 2
elif src_layer == LAYER_AGG and dst_layer == LAYER_EDGE:
src_port = dst_id.sw * 2 + 1
dst_port = (src_id.sw - self.k / 2) * 2
elif src_layer == LAYER_CORE and dst_layer == LAYER_EDGE:
src_port = dst_id.pod
dst_port = (src_id.sw - 2) * 2
elif src_layer == LAYER_EDGE and dst_layer == LAYER_HOST:
src_port = (dst_id.host - 2) * 2 + 1
dst_port = 0
else:
raise Exception("Could not find port leading to given dst switch")
# Shift by one; as of v0.9, OpenFlow ports are 1-indexed.
if src_layer != LAYER_HOST:
src_port += 1
if dst_layer != LAYER_HOST:
dst_port += 1
return (src_port, dst_port)