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executable file
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#!/usr/bin/env python2
############################################################################
#
# Copyright (C) 2012, 2013 PX4 Development Team. All rights reserved.
#
# Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
# modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
# are met:
#
# 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
# 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
# notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in
# the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
# distribution.
# 3. Neither the name PX4 nor the names of its contributors may be
# used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
# without specific prior written permission.
#
# THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
# "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
# LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS
# FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
# INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING,
# BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS
# OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED
# AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
# LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN
# ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
# POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
#
############################################################################
#
# Serial firmware uploader for the PX4FMU bootloader
#
# The PX4 firmware file is a JSON-encoded Python object, containing
# metadata fields and a zlib-compressed base64-encoded firmware image.
#
# The uploader uses the following fields from the firmware file:
#
# image
# The firmware that will be uploaded.
# image_size
# The size of the firmware in bytes.
# board_id
# The board for which the firmware is intended.
# board_revision
# Currently only used for informational purposes.
#
# for python2.7 compatibility
from __future__ import print_function
import sys
import argparse
import binascii
import serial
import struct
import json
import zlib
import base64
import time
import array
import os
from sys import platform as _platform
class firmware(object):
'''Loads a firmware file'''
desc = {}
image = bytes()
crctab = array.array('I', [
0x00000000, 0x77073096, 0xee0e612c, 0x990951ba, 0x076dc419, 0x706af48f, 0xe963a535, 0x9e6495a3,
0x0edb8832, 0x79dcb8a4, 0xe0d5e91e, 0x97d2d988, 0x09b64c2b, 0x7eb17cbd, 0xe7b82d07, 0x90bf1d91,
0x1db71064, 0x6ab020f2, 0xf3b97148, 0x84be41de, 0x1adad47d, 0x6ddde4eb, 0xf4d4b551, 0x83d385c7,
0x136c9856, 0x646ba8c0, 0xfd62f97a, 0x8a65c9ec, 0x14015c4f, 0x63066cd9, 0xfa0f3d63, 0x8d080df5,
0x3b6e20c8, 0x4c69105e, 0xd56041e4, 0xa2677172, 0x3c03e4d1, 0x4b04d447, 0xd20d85fd, 0xa50ab56b,
0x35b5a8fa, 0x42b2986c, 0xdbbbc9d6, 0xacbcf940, 0x32d86ce3, 0x45df5c75, 0xdcd60dcf, 0xabd13d59,
0x26d930ac, 0x51de003a, 0xc8d75180, 0xbfd06116, 0x21b4f4b5, 0x56b3c423, 0xcfba9599, 0xb8bda50f,
0x2802b89e, 0x5f058808, 0xc60cd9b2, 0xb10be924, 0x2f6f7c87, 0x58684c11, 0xc1611dab, 0xb6662d3d,
0x76dc4190, 0x01db7106, 0x98d220bc, 0xefd5102a, 0x71b18589, 0x06b6b51f, 0x9fbfe4a5, 0xe8b8d433,
0x7807c9a2, 0x0f00f934, 0x9609a88e, 0xe10e9818, 0x7f6a0dbb, 0x086d3d2d, 0x91646c97, 0xe6635c01,
0x6b6b51f4, 0x1c6c6162, 0x856530d8, 0xf262004e, 0x6c0695ed, 0x1b01a57b, 0x8208f4c1, 0xf50fc457,
0x65b0d9c6, 0x12b7e950, 0x8bbeb8ea, 0xfcb9887c, 0x62dd1ddf, 0x15da2d49, 0x8cd37cf3, 0xfbd44c65,
0x4db26158, 0x3ab551ce, 0xa3bc0074, 0xd4bb30e2, 0x4adfa541, 0x3dd895d7, 0xa4d1c46d, 0xd3d6f4fb,
0x4369e96a, 0x346ed9fc, 0xad678846, 0xda60b8d0, 0x44042d73, 0x33031de5, 0xaa0a4c5f, 0xdd0d7cc9,
0x5005713c, 0x270241aa, 0xbe0b1010, 0xc90c2086, 0x5768b525, 0x206f85b3, 0xb966d409, 0xce61e49f,
0x5edef90e, 0x29d9c998, 0xb0d09822, 0xc7d7a8b4, 0x59b33d17, 0x2eb40d81, 0xb7bd5c3b, 0xc0ba6cad,
0xedb88320, 0x9abfb3b6, 0x03b6e20c, 0x74b1d29a, 0xead54739, 0x9dd277af, 0x04db2615, 0x73dc1683,
0xe3630b12, 0x94643b84, 0x0d6d6a3e, 0x7a6a5aa8, 0xe40ecf0b, 0x9309ff9d, 0x0a00ae27, 0x7d079eb1,
0xf00f9344, 0x8708a3d2, 0x1e01f268, 0x6906c2fe, 0xf762575d, 0x806567cb, 0x196c3671, 0x6e6b06e7,
0xfed41b76, 0x89d32be0, 0x10da7a5a, 0x67dd4acc, 0xf9b9df6f, 0x8ebeeff9, 0x17b7be43, 0x60b08ed5,
0xd6d6a3e8, 0xa1d1937e, 0x38d8c2c4, 0x4fdff252, 0xd1bb67f1, 0xa6bc5767, 0x3fb506dd, 0x48b2364b,
0xd80d2bda, 0xaf0a1b4c, 0x36034af6, 0x41047a60, 0xdf60efc3, 0xa867df55, 0x316e8eef, 0x4669be79,
0xcb61b38c, 0xbc66831a, 0x256fd2a0, 0x5268e236, 0xcc0c7795, 0xbb0b4703, 0x220216b9, 0x5505262f,
0xc5ba3bbe, 0xb2bd0b28, 0x2bb45a92, 0x5cb36a04, 0xc2d7ffa7, 0xb5d0cf31, 0x2cd99e8b, 0x5bdeae1d,
0x9b64c2b0, 0xec63f226, 0x756aa39c, 0x026d930a, 0x9c0906a9, 0xeb0e363f, 0x72076785, 0x05005713,
0x95bf4a82, 0xe2b87a14, 0x7bb12bae, 0x0cb61b38, 0x92d28e9b, 0xe5d5be0d, 0x7cdcefb7, 0x0bdbdf21,
0x86d3d2d4, 0xf1d4e242, 0x68ddb3f8, 0x1fda836e, 0x81be16cd, 0xf6b9265b, 0x6fb077e1, 0x18b74777,
0x88085ae6, 0xff0f6a70, 0x66063bca, 0x11010b5c, 0x8f659eff, 0xf862ae69, 0x616bffd3, 0x166ccf45,
0xa00ae278, 0xd70dd2ee, 0x4e048354, 0x3903b3c2, 0xa7672661, 0xd06016f7, 0x4969474d, 0x3e6e77db,
0xaed16a4a, 0xd9d65adc, 0x40df0b66, 0x37d83bf0, 0xa9bcae53, 0xdebb9ec5, 0x47b2cf7f, 0x30b5ffe9,
0xbdbdf21c, 0xcabac28a, 0x53b39330, 0x24b4a3a6, 0xbad03605, 0xcdd70693, 0x54de5729, 0x23d967bf,
0xb3667a2e, 0xc4614ab8, 0x5d681b02, 0x2a6f2b94, 0xb40bbe37, 0xc30c8ea1, 0x5a05df1b, 0x2d02ef8d])
crcpad = bytearray(b'\xff\xff\xff\xff')
def __init__(self, path):
# read the file
f = open(path, "r")
self.desc = json.load(f)
f.close()
self.image = bytearray(zlib.decompress(base64.b64decode(self.desc['image'])))
# pad image to 4-byte length
while ((len(self.image) % 4) != 0):
self.image.append('\xff')
def property(self, propname):
return self.desc[propname]
def __crc32(self, bytes, state):
for byte in bytes:
index = (state ^ byte) & 0xff
state = self.crctab[index] ^ (state >> 8)
return state
def crc(self, padlen):
state = self.__crc32(self.image, int(0))
for i in range(len(self.image), (padlen - 1), 4):
state = self.__crc32(self.crcpad, state)
return state
class uploader(object):
'''Uploads a firmware file to the PX FMU bootloader'''
# protocol bytes
INSYNC = b'\x12'
EOC = b'\x20'
# reply bytes
OK = b'\x10'
FAILED = b'\x11'
INVALID = b'\x13' # rev3+
# command bytes
NOP = b'\x00' # guaranteed to be discarded by the bootloader
GET_SYNC = b'\x21'
GET_DEVICE = b'\x22'
CHIP_ERASE = b'\x23'
CHIP_VERIFY = b'\x24' # rev2 only
PROG_MULTI = b'\x27'
READ_MULTI = b'\x28' # rev2 only
GET_CRC = b'\x29' # rev3+
GET_OTP = b'\x2a' # rev4+ , get a word from OTP area
GET_SN = b'\x2b' # rev4+ , get a word from SN area
REBOOT = b'\x30'
INFO_BL_REV = b'\x01' # bootloader protocol revision
BL_REV_MIN = 2 # minimum supported bootloader protocol
BL_REV_MAX = 4 # maximum supported bootloader protocol
INFO_BOARD_ID = b'\x02' # board type
INFO_BOARD_REV = b'\x03' # board revision
INFO_FLASH_SIZE = b'\x04' # max firmware size in bytes
PROG_MULTI_MAX = 60 # protocol max is 255, must be multiple of 4
READ_MULTI_MAX = 60 # protocol max is 255, something overflows with >= 64
NSH_INIT = bytearray(b'\x0d\x0d\x0d')
NSH_REBOOT_BL = b"reboot -b\n"
NSH_REBOOT = b"reboot\n"
MAVLINK_REBOOT_ID1 = bytearray(b'\xfe\x21\x72\xff\x00\x4c\x00\x00\x80\x3f\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xf6\x00\x01\x00\x00\x48\xf0')
MAVLINK_REBOOT_ID0 = bytearray(b'\xfe\x21\x45\xff\x00\x4c\x00\x00\x80\x3f\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\xf6\x00\x00\x00\x00\xd7\xac')
def __init__(self, portname, baudrate):
# open the port, keep the default timeout short so we can poll quickly
self.port = serial.Serial(portname, baudrate, timeout=0.5)
self.otp = b''
self.sn = b''
def close(self):
if self.port is not None:
self.port.close()
def __send(self, c):
# print("send " + binascii.hexlify(c))
self.port.write(c)
def __recv(self, count=1):
c = self.port.read(count)
if len(c) < 1:
raise RuntimeError("timeout waiting for data")
# print("recv " + binascii.hexlify(c))
return c
def __recv_int(self):
raw = self.__recv(4)
val = struct.unpack("<I", raw)
return val[0]
def __getSync(self):
self.port.flush()
c = bytes(self.__recv())
if c != self.INSYNC:
raise RuntimeError("unexpected %s instead of INSYNC" % c)
c = self.__recv()
if c == self.INVALID:
raise RuntimeError("bootloader reports INVALID OPERATION")
if c == self.FAILED:
raise RuntimeError("bootloader reports OPERATION FAILED")
if c != self.OK:
raise RuntimeError("unexpected response 0x%x instead of OK" % ord(c))
# attempt to get back into sync with the bootloader
def __sync(self):
# send a stream of ignored bytes longer than the longest possible conversation
# that we might still have in progress
# self.__send(uploader.NOP * (uploader.PROG_MULTI_MAX + 2))
self.port.flushInput()
self.__send(uploader.GET_SYNC
+ uploader.EOC)
self.__getSync()
# def __trySync(self):
# c = self.__recv()
# if (c != self.INSYNC):
# #print("unexpected 0x%x instead of INSYNC" % ord(c))
# return False;
# c = self.__recv()
# if (c != self.OK):
# #print("unexpected 0x%x instead of OK" % ord(c))
# return False
# return True
# send the GET_DEVICE command and wait for an info parameter
def __getInfo(self, param):
self.__send(uploader.GET_DEVICE + param + uploader.EOC)
value = self.__recv_int()
self.__getSync()
return value
# send the GET_OTP command and wait for an info parameter
def __getOTP(self, param):
t = struct.pack("I", param) # int param as 32bit ( 4 byte ) char array.
self.__send(uploader.GET_OTP + t + uploader.EOC)
value = self.__recv(4)
self.__getSync()
return value
# send the GET_OTP command and wait for an info parameter
def __getSN(self, param):
t = struct.pack("I", param) # int param as 32bit ( 4 byte ) char array.
self.__send(uploader.GET_SN + t + uploader.EOC)
value = self.__recv(4)
self.__getSync()
return value
# send the CHIP_ERASE command and wait for the bootloader to become ready
def __erase(self):
self.__send(uploader.CHIP_ERASE
+ uploader.EOC)
# erase is very slow, give it 20s
deadline = time.time() + 20
while time.time() < deadline:
try:
self.__getSync()
return
except RuntimeError:
# we timed out, that's OK
continue
raise RuntimeError("timed out waiting for erase")
# send a PROG_MULTI command to write a collection of bytes
def __program_multi(self, data):
if runningPython3 == True:
length = len(data).to_bytes(1, byteorder='big')
else:
length = chr(len(data))
self.__send(uploader.PROG_MULTI)
self.__send(length)
self.__send(data)
self.__send(uploader.EOC)
self.__getSync()
# verify multiple bytes in flash
def __verify_multi(self, data):
if runningPython3 == True:
length = len(data).to_bytes(1, byteorder='big')
else:
length = chr(len(data))
self.__send(uploader.READ_MULTI)
self.__send(length)
self.__send(uploader.EOC)
self.port.flush()
programmed = self.__recv(len(data))
if programmed != data:
print("got " + binascii.hexlify(programmed))
print("expect " + binascii.hexlify(data))
return False
self.__getSync()
return True
# send the reboot command
def __reboot(self):
self.__send(uploader.REBOOT
+ uploader.EOC)
self.port.flush()
# v3+ can report failure if the first word flash fails
if self.bl_rev >= 3:
self.__getSync()
# split a sequence into a list of size-constrained pieces
def __split_len(self, seq, length):
return [seq[i:i+length] for i in range(0, len(seq), length)]
# upload code
def __program(self, fw):
code = fw.image
groups = self.__split_len(code, uploader.PROG_MULTI_MAX)
for bytes in groups:
self.__program_multi(bytes)
# verify code
def __verify_v2(self, fw):
self.__send(uploader.CHIP_VERIFY
+ uploader.EOC)
self.__getSync()
code = fw.image
groups = self.__split_len(code, uploader.READ_MULTI_MAX)
for bytes in groups:
if (not self.__verify_multi(bytes)):
raise RuntimeError("Verification failed")
def __verify_v3(self, fw):
expect_crc = fw.crc(self.fw_maxsize)
self.__send(uploader.GET_CRC
+ uploader.EOC)
report_crc = self.__recv_int()
self.__getSync()
if report_crc != expect_crc:
print("Expected 0x%x" % expect_crc)
print("Got 0x%x" % report_crc)
raise RuntimeError("Program CRC failed")
# get basic data about the board
def identify(self):
# make sure we are in sync before starting
self.__sync()
# get the bootloader protocol ID first
self.bl_rev = self.__getInfo(uploader.INFO_BL_REV)
if (self.bl_rev < uploader.BL_REV_MIN) or (self.bl_rev > uploader.BL_REV_MAX):
print("Unsupported bootloader protocol %d" % uploader.INFO_BL_REV)
raise RuntimeError("Bootloader protocol mismatch")
self.board_type = self.__getInfo(uploader.INFO_BOARD_ID)
self.board_rev = self.__getInfo(uploader.INFO_BOARD_REV)
self.fw_maxsize = self.__getInfo(uploader.INFO_FLASH_SIZE)
# upload the firmware
def upload(self, fw):
# Make sure we are doing the right thing
if self.board_type != fw.property('board_id'):
raise RuntimeError("Firmware not suitable for this board")
if self.fw_maxsize < fw.property('image_size'):
raise RuntimeError("Firmware image is too large for this board")
# OTP added in v4:
if self.bl_rev > 3:
for byte in range(0,32*6,4):
x = self.__getOTP(byte)
self.otp = self.otp + x
print(binascii.hexlify(x).decode('Latin-1') + ' ', end='')
# see src/modules/systemlib/otp.h in px4 code:
self.otp_id = self.otp[0:4]
self.otp_idtype = self.otp[4:5]
self.otp_vid = self.otp[8:4:-1]
self.otp_pid = self.otp[12:8:-1]
self.otp_coa = self.otp[32:160]
# show user:
try:
print("type: " + self.otp_id.decode('Latin-1'))
print("idtype: " + binascii.b2a_qp(self.otp_idtype).decode('Latin-1'))
print("vid: " + binascii.hexlify(self.otp_vid).decode('Latin-1'))
print("pid: "+ binascii.hexlify(self.otp_pid).decode('Latin-1'))
print("coa: "+ binascii.b2a_base64(self.otp_coa).decode('Latin-1'))
print("sn: ", end='')
for byte in range(0,12,4):
x = self.__getSN(byte)
x = x[::-1] # reverse the bytes
self.sn = self.sn + x
print(binascii.hexlify(x).decode('Latin-1'), end='') # show user
print('')
except Exception:
# ignore bad character encodings
pass
print("erase...")
self.__erase()
print("program...")
self.__program(fw)
print("verify...")
if self.bl_rev == 2:
self.__verify_v2(fw)
else:
self.__verify_v3(fw)
print("done, rebooting.")
self.__reboot()
self.port.close()
def send_reboot(self):
try:
# try reboot via NSH first
self.__send(uploader.NSH_INIT)
self.__send(uploader.NSH_REBOOT_BL)
self.__send(uploader.NSH_INIT)
self.__send(uploader.NSH_REBOOT)
# then try MAVLINK command
self.__send(uploader.MAVLINK_REBOOT_ID1)
self.__send(uploader.MAVLINK_REBOOT_ID0)
except:
return
# Detect python version
if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
runningPython3 = False
else:
runningPython3 = True
# Parse commandline arguments
parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Firmware uploader for the PX autopilot system.")
parser.add_argument('--port', action="store", required=True, help="Serial port(s) to which the FMU may be attached")
parser.add_argument('--baud', action="store", type=int, default=115200, help="Baud rate of the serial port (default is 115200), only required for true serial ports.")
parser.add_argument('firmware', action="store", help="Firmware file to be uploaded")
args = parser.parse_args()
# warn people about ModemManager which interferes badly with Pixhawk
if os.path.exists("/usr/sbin/ModemManager"):
print("==========================================================================================================")
print("WARNING: You should uninstall ModemManager as it conflicts with any non-modem serial device (like Pixhawk)")
print("==========================================================================================================")
# Load the firmware file
fw = firmware(args.firmware)
print("Loaded firmware for %x,%x, waiting for the bootloader..." % (fw.property('board_id'), fw.property('board_revision')))
# Spin waiting for a device to show up
while True:
portlist = []
patterns = args.port.split(",")
# on unix-like platforms use glob to support wildcard ports. This allows
# the use of /dev/serial/by-id/usb-3D_Robotics on Linux, which prevents the upload from
# causing modem hangups etc
if "linux" in _platform or "darwin" in _platform:
import glob
for pattern in patterns:
portlist += glob.glob(pattern)
else:
portlist = patterns
for port in portlist:
#print("Trying %s" % port)
# create an uploader attached to the port
try:
if "linux" in _platform:
# Linux, don't open Mac OS and Win ports
if not "COM" in port and not "tty.usb" in port:
up = uploader(port, args.baud)
elif "darwin" in _platform:
# OS X, don't open Windows and Linux ports
if not "COM" in port and not "ACM" in port:
up = uploader(port, args.baud)
elif "win" in _platform:
# Windows, don't open POSIX ports
if not "/" in port:
up = uploader(port, args.baud)
except Exception:
# open failed, rate-limit our attempts
time.sleep(0.05)
# and loop to the next port
continue
# port is open, try talking to it
try:
# identify the bootloader
up.identify()
print("Found board %x,%x bootloader rev %x on %s" % (up.board_type, up.board_rev, up.bl_rev, port))
except Exception:
# most probably a timeout talking to the port, no bootloader, try to reboot the board
print("attempting reboot on %s..." % port)
up.send_reboot()
# wait for the reboot, without we might run into Serial I/O Error 5
time.sleep(0.5)
continue
try:
# ok, we have a bootloader, try flashing it
up.upload(fw)
except RuntimeError as ex:
# print the error
print("ERROR: %s" % ex.args)
finally:
# always close the port
up.close()
# we could loop here if we wanted to wait for more boards...
sys.exit(0)