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require 'tempfile'
require 'subexec'
require 'stringio'
require 'pathname'
require 'shellwords'
module MiniMagick
class << self
attr_accessor :processor
attr_accessor :processor_path
attr_accessor :timeout
# Experimental method for automatically selecting a processor
# such as gm. Only works on *nix.
#
# TODO: Write tests for this and figure out what platforms it supports
def choose_processor
if `type -P mogrify`.size > 0
return
elsif `type -P gm`.size > 0
self.processor = "gm"
end
end
def windows?
RUBY_PLATFORM =~ /mswin|mingw|cygwin/
end
def image_magick_version
@@version ||= Gem::Version.create(`mogrify --version`.split(" ")[2].split("-").first)
end
def minimum_image_magick_version
@@minimum_version ||= Gem::Version.create("6.6.3")
end
def valid_version_installed?
image_magick_version >= minimum_image_magick_version
end
end
MOGRIFY_COMMANDS = %w{adaptive-blur adaptive-resize adaptive-sharpen adjoin affine alpha annotate antialias append attenuate authenticate auto-gamma auto-level auto-orient backdrop background bench bias black-point-compensation black-threshold blend blue-primary blue-shift blur border bordercolor borderwidth brightness-contrast cache caption cdl channel charcoal chop clamp clip clip-mask clip-path clone clut coalesce colorize colormap color-matrix colors colorspace combine comment compose composite compress contrast contrast-stretch convolve crop cycle debug decipher deconstruct define delay delete density depth descend deskew despeckle direction displace display dispose dissimilarity-threshold dissolve distort dither draw duplicate edge emboss encipher encoding endian enhance equalize evaluate evaluate-sequence extent extract family features fft fill filter flatten flip floodfill flop font foreground format frame function fuzz fx gamma gaussian-blur geometry gravity green-primary hald-clut help highlight-color iconGeometry iconic identify ift immutable implode insert intent interlace interpolate interline-spacing interword-spacing kerning label lat layers level level-colors limit linear-stretch linewidth liquid-rescale list log loop lowlight-color magnify map mask mattecolor median metric mode modulate monitor monochrome morph morphology mosaic motion-blur name negate noise normalize opaque ordered-dither orient page paint path pause pen perceptible ping pointsize polaroid poly posterize precision preview print process profile quality quantize quiet radial-blur raise random-threshold red-primary regard-warnings region remap remote render repage resample resize respect-parentheses reverse roll rotate sample sampling-factor scale scene screen seed segment selective-blur separate sepia-tone set shade shadow shared-memory sharpen shave shear sigmoidal-contrast silent size sketch smush snaps solarize sparse-color splice spread statistic stegano stereo stretch strip stroke strokewidth style subimage-search swap swirl synchronize taint text-font texture threshold thumbnail tile tile-offset tint title transform transparent transparent-color transpose transverse treedepth trim type undercolor unique-colors units unsharp update verbose version view vignette virtual-pixel visual watermark wave weight white-point white-threshold window window-group write}
IMAGE_CREATION_OPERATORS = %w{canvas caption gradient label logo pattern plasma radial radient rose text tile xc }
class Error < RuntimeError; end
class Invalid < StandardError; end
class Image
# @return [String] The location of the current working file
attr_accessor :path
# Class Methods
# -------------
class << self
# This is the primary loading method used by all of the other class methods.
#
# Use this to pass in a stream object. Must respond to Object#read(size) or be a binary string object (BLOBBBB)
#
# As a change from the old API, please try and use IOStream objects. They are much, much better and more efficient!
#
# Probably easier to use the #open method if you want to open a file or a URL.
#
# @param stream [IOStream, String] Some kind of stream object that needs to be read or is a binary String blob!
# @param ext [String] A manual extension to use for reading the file. Not required, but if you are having issues, give this a try.
# @return [Image]
def read(stream, ext = nil)
if stream.is_a?(String)
stream = StringIO.new(stream)
elsif stream.is_a?(StringIO)
# Do nothing, we want a StringIO-object
elsif stream.respond_to? :path
if File.respond_to?(:binread)
stream = StringIO.new File.binread(stream.path.to_s)
else
stream = StringIO.new File.open(stream.path.to_s,"rb") { |f| f.read }
end
end
create(ext) do |f|
while chunk = stream.read(8192)
f.write(chunk)
end
end
end
# @deprecated Please use Image.read instead!
def from_blob(blob, ext = nil)
warn "Warning: MiniMagick::Image.from_blob method is deprecated. Instead, please use Image.read"
create(ext) { |f| f.write(blob) }
end
# Creates an image object from a binary string blob which contains raw pixel data (i.e. no header data).
#
# === Returns
#
# * [Image] The loaded image.
#
# === Parameters
#
# * [blob] <tt>String</tt> -- Binary string blob containing raw pixel data.
# * [columns] <tt>Integer</tt> -- Number of columns.
# * [rows] <tt>Integer</tt> -- Number of rows.
# * [depth] <tt>Integer</tt> -- Bit depth of the encoded pixel data.
# * [map] <tt>String</tt> -- A code for the mapping of the pixel data. Example: 'gray' or 'rgb'.
# * [format] <tt>String</tt> -- The file extension of the image format to be used when creating the image object. Defaults to 'png'.
#
def import_pixels(blob, columns, rows, depth, map, format="png")
# Create an image object with the raw pixel data string:
image = create(".dat", validate = false) { |f| f.write(blob) }
# Use ImageMagick to convert the raw data file to an image file of the desired format:
converted_image_path = image.path[0..-4] + format
argument = "-size #{columns}x#{rows} -depth #{depth} #{map}:#{image.path} #{converted_image_path}"
cmd = CommandBuilder.new("convert", argument) #Example: convert -size 256x256 -depth 16 gray:blob.dat blob.png
image.run(cmd)
# Update the image instance with the path of the properly formatted image, and return:
image.path = converted_image_path
image
end
# Opens a specific image file either on the local file system or at a URI.
#
# Use this if you don't want to overwrite the image file.
#
# Extension is either guessed from the path or you can specify it as a second parameter.
#
# If you pass in what looks like a URL, we require 'open-uri' before opening it.
#
# @param file_or_url [String] Either a local file path or a URL that open-uri can read
# @param ext [String] Specify the extension you want to read it as
# @return [Image] The loaded image
def open(file_or_url, ext = nil)
file_or_url = file_or_url.to_s # Force it to be a String... hell or highwater
if file_or_url.include?("://")
require 'open-uri'
ext ||= File.extname(URI.parse(file_or_url).path)
self.read(Kernel::open(file_or_url), ext)
else
ext ||= File.extname(file_or_url)
File.open(file_or_url, "rb") do |f|
self.read(f, ext)
end
end
end
# @deprecated Please use MiniMagick::Image.open(file_or_url) now
def from_file(file, ext = nil)
warn "Warning: MiniMagick::Image.from_file is now deprecated. Please use Image.open"
open(file, ext)
end
# Used to create a new Image object data-copy. Not used to "paint" or that kind of thing.
#
# Takes an extension in a block and can be used to build a new Image object. Used
# by both #open and #read to create a new object! Ensures we have a good tempfile!
#
# @param ext [String] Specify the extension you want to read it as
# @param validate [Boolean] If false, skips validation of the created image. Defaults to true.
# @yield [IOStream] You can #write bits to this object to create the new Image
# @return [Image] The created image
def create(ext = nil, validate = true, &block)
begin
tempfile = Tempfile.new(['mini_magick', ext.to_s.downcase])
tempfile.binmode
block.call(tempfile)
tempfile.close
image = self.new(tempfile.path, tempfile)
if validate and !image.valid?
raise MiniMagick::Invalid
end
return image
ensure
tempfile.close if tempfile
end
end
end
# Create a new MiniMagick::Image object
#
# _DANGER_: The file location passed in here is the *working copy*. That is, it gets *modified*.
# you can either copy it yourself or use the MiniMagick::Image.open(path) method which creates a
# temporary file for you and protects your original!
#
# @param input_path [String] The location of an image file
# @todo Allow this to accept a block that can pass off to Image#combine_options
def initialize(input_path, tempfile = nil)
@path = input_path
@tempfile = tempfile # ensures that the tempfile will stick around until this image is garbage collected.
end
def escaped_path
Pathname.new(@path).to_s.inspect
end
# Checks to make sure that MiniMagick can read the file and understand it.
#
# This uses the 'identify' command line utility to check the file. If you are having
# issues with this, then please work directly with the 'identify' command and see if you
# can figure out what the issue is.
#
# @return [Boolean]
def valid?
run_command("identify", @path)
true
rescue MiniMagick::Invalid
false
end
# A rather low-level way to interact with the "identify" command. No nice API here, just
# the crazy stuff you find in ImageMagick. See the examples listed!
#
# @example
# image["format"] #=> "TIFF"
# image["height"] #=> 41 (pixels)
# image["width"] #=> 50 (pixels)
# image["colorspace"] #=> "DirectClassRGB"
# image["dimensions"] #=> [50, 4
8000
1]
# image["size"] #=> 2050 (bits)
# image["original_at"] #=> 2005-02-23 23:17:24 +0000 (Read from Exif data)
# image["EXIF:ExifVersion"] #=> "0220" (Can read anything from Exif)
#
# @param format [String] A format for the "identify" command
# @see For reference see http://www.imagemagick.org/script/command-line-options.php#format
# @return [String, Numeric, Array, Time, Object] Depends on the method called! Defaults to String for unknown commands
def [](value)
# Why do I go to the trouble of putting in newlines? Because otherwise animated gifs screw everything up
case value.to_s
when "colorspace"
run_command("identify", "-format", format_option("%r"), escaped_path).split("\n")[0].strip
when "format"
run_command("identify", "-format", format_option("%m"), escaped_path).split("\n")[0]
when "height"
run_command("identify", "-format", format_option("%h"), escaped_path).split("\n")[0].to_i
when "width"
run_command("identify", "-format", format_option("%w"), escaped_path).split("\n")[0].to_i
when "dimensions"
run_command("identify", "-format", format_option("%w %h"), escaped_path).split("\n")[0].split.map{|v|v.to_i}
when "size"
File.size(@path) # Do this because calling identify -format "%b" on an animated gif fails!
when "original_at"
# Get the EXIF original capture as a Time object
Time.local(*self["EXIF:DateTimeOriginal"].split(/:|\s+/)) rescue nil
when /^EXIF\:/i
result = run_command('identify', '-format', "\"%[#{value}]\"", escaped_path).chop
if result.include?(",")
read_character_data(result)
else
result
end
else
run_command('identify', '-format', "\"#{value}\"", escaped_path).split("\n")[0]
end
end
# Sends raw commands to imagemagick's `mogrify` command. The image path is automatically appended to the command.
#
# Remember, we are always acting on this instance of the Image when messing with this.
#
# @return [String] Whatever the result from the command line is. May not be terribly useful.
def <<(*args)
run_command("mogrify", *args << escaped_path)
end
# This is used to change the format of the image. That is, from "tiff to jpg" or something like that.
# Once you run it, the instance is pointing to a new file with a new extension!
#
# *DANGER*: This renames the file that the instance is pointing to. So, if you manually opened the
# file with Image.new(file_path)... then that file is DELETED! If you used Image.open(file) then
# you are ok. The original file will still be there. But, any changes to it might not be...
#
# Formatting an animation into a non-animated type will result in ImageMagick creating multiple
# pages (starting with 0). You can choose which page you want to manipulate. We default to the
# first page.
#
# If you would like to convert between animated formats, pass nil as your
# page and ImageMagick will copy all of the pages.
#
# @param format [String] The target format... like 'jpg', 'gif', 'tiff', etc.
# @param page [Integer] If this is an animated gif, say which 'page' you want
# with an integer. Default 0 will convert only the first page; 'nil' will
# convert all pages.
# @return [nil]
def format(format, page = 0)
c = CommandBuilder.new('mogrify', '-format', format)
yield c if block_given?
if page
c << @path + "[#{page}]"
else
c << @path
end
run(c)
old_path = @path.dup
@path.sub!(/(\.\w*)?$/, ".#{format}")
File.delete(old_path) if old_path != @path
unless File.exists?(@path)
raise MiniMagick::Error, "Unable to format to #{format}"
end
end
# Collapse images with sequences to the first frame (ie. animated gifs) and
# preserve quality
def collapse!
run_command("mogrify", "-quality", "100", "#{path}[0]")
end
# Writes the temporary file out to either a file location (by passing in a String) or by
# passing in a Stream that you can #write(chunk) to repeatedly
#
# @param output_to [IOStream, String] Some kind of stream object that needs to be read or a file path as a String
# @return [IOStream, Boolean] If you pass in a file location [String] then you get a success boolean. If its a stream, you get it back.
# Writes the temporary image that we are using for processing to the output path
def write(output_to)
if output_to.kind_of?(String) || !output_to.respond_to?(:write)
FileUtils.copy_file @path, output_to
run_command "identify", output_to.to_s.inspect # Verify that we have a good image
else # stream
File.open(@path, "rb") do |f|
f.binmode
while chunk = f.read(8192)
output_to.write(chunk)
end
end
output_to
end
end
# Gives you raw image data back
# @return [String] binary string
def to_blob
f = File.new @path
f.binmode
f.read
ensure
f.close if f
end
def mime_type
format = self[:format]
"image/" + format.to_s.downcase
end
# If an unknown method is called then it is sent through the mogrify program
# Look here to find all the commands (http://www.imagemagick.org/script/mogrify.php)
def method_missing(symbol, *args)
combine_options do |c|
c.send(symbol, *args)
end
end
# You can use multiple commands together using this method. Very easy to use!
#
# @example
# image.combine_options do |c|
# c.draw "image Over 0,0 10,10 '#{MINUS_IMAGE_PATH}'"
# c.thumbnail "300x500>"
# c.background background
# end
#
# @yieldparam command [CommandBuilder]
def combine_options(tool = "mogrify", &block)
c = CommandBuilder.new(tool)
c << @path if tool.to_s == "convert"
block.call(c)
c << @path
run(c)
end
# Check to see if we are running on win32 -- we need to escape things differently
def windows?
MiniMagick.windows?
end
def composite(other_image, output_extension = 'jpg', &block)
begin
second_tempfile = Tempfile.new(output_extension)
second_tempfile.binmode
ensure
second_tempfile.close
end
command = CommandBuilder.new("composite")
block.call(command) if block
command.push(other_image.path)
command.push(self.path)
command.push(second_tempfile.path)
run(command)
return Image.new(second_tempfile.path, second_tempfile)
end
# Outputs a carriage-return delimited format string for Unix and Windows
def format_option(format)
windows? ? "\"#{format}\\n\"" : "\"#{format}\\\\n\""
end
def run_command(command, *args)
# -ping "efficiently determine image characteristics."
if command == 'identify'
args.unshift '-ping'
args.unshift '-quiet' unless MiniMagick.processor.to_s == 'gm'
end
run(CommandBuilder.new(command, *args))
end
def run(command_builder)
command = command_builder.command
sub = Subexec.run(command, :timeout => MiniMagick.timeout)
if sub.exitstatus != 0
# Clean up after ourselves in case of an error
destroy!
# Raise the appropriate error
if sub.output =~ /no decode delegate/i || sub.output =~ /did not return an image/i
raise Invalid, sub.output
else
# TODO: should we do something different if the command times out ...?
# its definitely better for logging.. otherwise we dont really know
raise Error, "Command (#{command.inspect.gsub("\\", "")}) failed: #{{:status_code => sub.exitstatus, :output => sub.output}.inspect}"
end
else
sub.output
end
end
def destroy!
return if @tempfile.nil?
File.unlink(@tempfile.path) if File.exists?(@tempfile.path)
@tempfile = nil
end
private
# Sometimes we get back a list of character values
def read_character_data(list_of_characters)
chars = list_of_characters.gsub(" ", "").split(",")
result = ""
chars.each do |val|
result << ("%c" % val.to_i)
end
result
end
end
class CommandBuilder
attr_reader :args
def initialize(tool, *options)
@tool = tool
@args = []
options.each { |arg| push(arg) }
end
def command
com = "#{@tool} #{@args.join(' ')}".strip
com = "#{MiniMagick.processor} #{com}" unless MiniMagick.processor.nil?
unless MiniMagick.processor_path.nil?
seperator = MiniMagick.windows? ? "\\" : "/"
com = "#{MiniMagick.processor_path}#{seperator}#{com}"
end
com.strip
end
# Add each mogrify command in both underscore and dash format
MOGRIFY_COMMANDS.each do |mogrify_command|
# Example of what is generated here:
#
# def auto_orient(*options)
# add_command("auto-orient", *options)
# self
# end
# alias_method :"auto-orient", :auto_orient
dashed_command = mogrify_command.to_s.gsub("_","-")
underscored_command = mogrify_command.to_s.gsub("-","_")
define_method(underscored_command) do |*options|
add_command(__method__.to_s.gsub("_","-"), *options)
self
end
alias_method dashed_command, underscored_command
end
def format(*options)
raise Error, "You must call 'format' on the image object directly!"
end
IMAGE_CREATION_OPERATORS.each do |operator|
define_method operator do |*options|
add_creation_operator(__method__.to_s, *options)
self
end
end
def +(*options)
push(@args.pop.gsub(/^-/, '+'))
if options.any?
options.each do |o|
push escape_string(o)
end
end
end
def add_command(command, *options)
push "-#{command}"
if options.any?
options.each do |o|
push escape_string(o)
end
end
end
def escape_string(value)
Shellwords.escape(value.to_s)
end
def add_creation_operator(command, *options)
creation_command = command
if options.any?
options.each do |option|
creation_command << ":#{option}"
end
end
push creation_command
end
def push(arg)
@args << arg.to_s.strip
end
alias :<< :push
end
end