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"Utility functions for Mininet."
from time import sleep
from resource import setrlimit, RLIMIT_NPROC, RLIMIT_NOFILE
import select
from subprocess import call, check_call, Popen, PIPE, STDOUT
from mininet.log import error
# Command execution support
def run( cmd ):
"""Simple interface to subprocess.call()
cmd: list of command params"""
return call( cmd.split( ' ' ) )
def checkRun( cmd ):
"""Simple interface to subprocess.check_call()
cmd: list of command params"""
return check_call( cmd.split( ' ' ) )
# pylint doesn't understand explicit type checking
# pylint: disable-msg=E1103
def quietRun( *cmd ):
"""Run a command, routing stderr to stdout, and return the output.
cmd: list of command params"""
if len( cmd ) == 1:
cmd = cmd[ 0 ]
if isinstance( cmd, str ):
cmd = cmd.split( ' ' )
popen = Popen( cmd, stdout=PIPE, stderr=STDOUT )
# We can't use Popen.communicate() because it uses
# select(), which can't handle
# high file descriptor numbers! poll() can, however.
output = ''
readable = select.poll()
readable.register( popen.stdout )
while True:
while readable.poll():
data = popen.stdout.read( 1024 )
if len( data ) == 0:
break
output += data
popen.poll()
if popen.returncode != None:
break
return output
# pylint: enable-msg=E1103
# pylint: disable-msg=E1101,W0612
def isShellBuiltin( cmd ):
"Return True if cmd is a bash builtin."
if isShellBuiltin.builtIns is None:
isShellBuiltin.builtIns = quietRun( 'bash -c enable' )
space = cmd.find( ' ' )
if space > 0:
cmd = cmd[ :space]
return cmd in isShellBuiltin.builtIns
isShellBuiltin.builtIns = None
# pylint: enable-msg=E1101,W0612
# Interface management
#
# Interfaces are managed as strings which are simply the
# interface names, of the form 'nodeN-ethM'.
#
# To connect nodes, we create a pair of veth interfaces, and then place them
# in the pair of nodes that we want to communicate. We then update the node's
# list of interfaces and connectivity map.
#
# For the kernel datapath, switch interfaces
# live in the root namespace and thus do not have to be
# explicitly moved.
def makeIntfPair( intf1, intf2 ):
"""Make a veth pair connecting intf1 and intf2.
intf1: string, interface
intf2: string, interface
returns: success boolean"""
# Delete any old interfaces with the same names
quietRun( 'ip link del ' + intf1 )
quietRun( 'ip link del ' + intf2 )
# Create new pair
cmd = 'ip link add name ' + intf1 + ' type veth peer name ' + intf2
return quietRun( cmd )
def retry( retries, delaySecs, fn, *args, **keywords ):
"""Try something several times before giving up.
n: number of times to retry
delaySecs: wait this long between tries
fn: function to call
args: args to apply to function call"""
tries = 0
while not fn( *args, **keywords ) and tries < retries:
sleep( delaySecs )
tries += 1
if tries >= retries:
error( "*** gave up after %i retries\n" % tries )
exit( 1 )
def moveIntfNoRetry( intf, node, printError=False ):
"""Move interface to node, without retrying.
intf: string, interface
node: Node object
printError: if true, print error"""
cmd = 'ip link set ' + intf + ' netns ' + repr( node.pid )
quietRun( cmd )
links = node.cmd( 'ip link show' )
if not ( ' %s:' % intf ) in links:
if printError:
error( '*** Error: moveIntf: ' + intf +
' not successfully moved to ' + node.name + '\n' )
return False
return True
def moveIntf( intf, node, printError=False, retries=3, delaySecs=0.001 ):
"""Move interface to node, retrying on failure.
intf: string, interface
node: Node object
printError: if true, print error"""
retry( retries, delaySecs, moveIntfNoRetry, intf, node, printError )
def createLink( node1, node2, port1=None, port2=None ):
"""Create a link between nodes, making an interface for each.
node1: Node object
node2: Node object
port1: node1 port number (optional)
port2: node2 port number (optional)
returns: intf1 name, intf2 name"""
return node1.linkTo( node2, port1, port2 )
# IP and Mac address formatting and parsing
def _colonHex( val, count ):
"""Generate colon-hex string.
val: input as unsigned int
count: number of bytes to convert
returns: chStr colon-hex string"""
pieces = []
for i in range( count - 1, -1, -1 ):
piece = ( ( 0xff << ( i * 8 ) ) & val ) >> ( i * 8 )
pieces.append( '%02x' % piece )
chStr = ':'.join( pieces )
return chStr
def macColonHex( mac ):
"""Generate MAC colon-hex string from unsigned int.
mac: MAC address as unsigned int
returns: macStr MAC colon-hex string"""
return _colonHex( mac, 6 )
def ipStr( ip ):
"""Generate IP address string from an unsigned int.
ip: unsigned int of form w << 24 | x << 16 | y << 8 | z
returns: ip address string w.x.y.z, or 10.x.y.z if w==0"""
w = ( ip & 0xff000000 ) >> 24
w = 10 if w == 0 else w
x = ( ip & 0xff0000 ) >> 16
y = ( ip & 0xff00 ) >> 8
z = ip & 0xff
return "%i.%i.%i.%i" % ( w, x, y, z )
def
55E5
ipNum( w, x, y, z ):
"""Generate unsigned int from components ofIP address
returns: w << 24 | x << 16 | y << 8 | z"""
return ( w << 24 ) | ( x << 16 ) | ( y << 8 ) | z
def ipParse( ip ):
"Parse an IP address and return an unsigned int."
args = [ int( arg ) for arg in ip.split( '.' ) ]
return ipNum( *args )
def checkInt( s ):
"Check if input string is an int"
try:
int( s )
return True
except ValueError:
return False
def checkFloat( s ):
"Check if input string is a float"
try:
float( s )
return True
except ValueError:
return False
def makeNumeric( s ):
"Convert string to int or float if numeric."
if checkInt( s ):
return int( s )
elif checkFloat( s ):
return float( s )
else:
return s
# Other stuff we use
def fixLimits():
"Fix ridiculously small resource limits."
setrlimit( RLIMIT_NPROC, ( 4096, 8192 ) )
setrlimit( RLIMIT_NOFILE, ( 16384, 32768 ) )