geall

Irish

Pronunciation

(Munster) IPA^(key): /ɟaul̪ˠ/
(Aran) IPA^(key): /ɟaːl̪ˠ/^[1]
(Cois Fharraige) IPA^(key): /ɟɑːl̪ˠ/
(Mayo, Ulster) IPA^(key): /ɟal̪ˠ/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish gell (“pledge, surety”).^[2]

Noun

geall m (genitive singular gill, nominative plural geallta)

pledge, pawn, token
bet, wager
- 1906, E.C. Quiggin, A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 74:
  bʹjuw gʹαL gə mʹɛ ʃə əNsə welʹə rĩv ə Nĩ:çə
  Bíodh geall go mbeidh sé insa bhaile roimh an oíche (conventional orthography)
  I bet you he will be home before night.
  (literally, “Let there be a bet that…”)
asset, resource
prize

Declension

Declension of geall

First declension

Bare forms:

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	geall	geallta
Vocative	a ghill	a gheallta
Genitive	gill	geallta
Dative	geall	geallta

Forms with the definite article:

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	an geall	na geallta
Genitive	an ghill	na ngeallta
Dative	leis an ngeall don gheall	leis na geallta

Derived terms

geall le, i ngeall le (“dependent on; equal, equivalent, to; all but, almost”)
de gheall ar (“for the sake of; disposed to, intending to”)
i ngeall ar, mar gheall ar (“on account of; concerning”)

Etymology 2

From Old Irish gellaid (“to pledge”), from gell (“pledge, surety”).^[3]

Verb

geall (present analytic geallann, future analytic geallfaidh, verbal noun gealladh, past participle geallta) (transitive, intransitive)

promise, assure
allot (to)

Conjugation

conjugation of geall (first conjugation – A)

		singular			plural			relative	autonomous
		first	second	third	first	second	third	relative	autonomous
indicative	present	geallaim	geallann tú; geallair^†	geallann sé, sí	geallaimid	geallann sibh	geallann siad; geallaid^†	a gheallann; a gheallas / a ngeallann*	gealltar
	past	gheall mé; gheallas	gheall tú; gheallais	gheall sé, sí	gheallamar; gheall muid	gheall sibh; gheallabhair	gheall siad; ghealladar	a gheall / ar gheall*	gealladh
	past habitual	gheallainn / ngeallainn‡‡	ghealltá / ngealltá‡‡	ghealladh sé, sí / ngealladh sé, sí‡‡	gheallaimis; ghealladh muid / ngeallaimis‡‡; ngealladh muid‡‡	ghealladh sibh / ngealladh sibh‡‡	gheallaidís; ghealladh siad / ngeallaidís‡‡; ngealladh siad‡‡	a ghealladh / a ngealladh*	ghealltaí / ngealltaí‡‡
future		geallfaidh mé; geallfad	geallfaidh tú; geallfair^†	geallfaidh sé, sí	geallfaimid; geallfaidh muid	geallfaidh sibh	geallfaidh siad; geallfaid^†	a gheallfaidh; a gheallfas / a ngeallfaidh*	geallfar
conditional		gheallfainn / ngeallfainn‡‡	gheallfá / ngeallfá‡‡	gheallfadh sé, sí / ngeallfadh sé, sí‡‡	gheallfaimis; gheallfadh muid / ngeallfaimis‡‡; ngeallfadh muid‡‡	gheallfadh sibh / ngeallfadh sibh‡‡	gheallfaidís; gheallfadh siad / ngeallfaidís‡‡; ngeallfadh siad‡‡	a gheallfadh / a ngeallfadh*	gheallfaí / ngeallfaí‡‡
subjunctive	present	go ngealla mé; go ngeallad^†	go ngealla tú; go ngeallair^†	go ngealla sé, sí	go ngeallaimid; go ngealla muid	go ngealla sibh	go ngealla siad; go ngeallaid^†	—	go ngealltar
subjunctive	past	dá ngeallainn	dá ngealltá	dá ngealladh sé, sí	dá ngeallaimis; dá ngealladh muid	dá ngealladh sibh	dá ngeallaidís; dá ngealladh siad	—	dá ngealltaí
imperative		geallaim	geall	gealladh sé, sí	geallaimis	geallaigí; geallaidh^†	geallaidís	—	gealltar
verbal noun		gealladh
past participle		geallta

* indirect relative
† archaic or dialect form
‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
geall	gheall	ngeall
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

References

^ Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 131
^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “gell”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
^ Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “gellaid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Scottish Gaelic

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /kʲaul̪ˠ/

Etymology 1

From Old Irish gell (“pledge, surety; stake, wager”).

Noun

geall m (genitive singular gill, plural gill)

Derived terms

bùth-gheall f (“pawnshop”)
cuir geall (“to bet, to wager”)
geall-barantais m (“pledge; mortgage; bet”)
geall-cheannaiche m (“pawnbroker”)
geall-cinnidh m (“fine paid by one guilty of manslaughter to kinsmen of deceased”)
geall-dìolaidh m (“mortgage”)
geall-fhiachan m (“mortgage”)
geall-meas m (“compensation for anything carried away or destroyed; estimate”)
geall-réis m (“racing competition, games”)
geall-spréidh m (“cattle-show”)
geall-treabhaidh m (“ploughing-match”)

Etymology 2

From Old Irish gellaid (“pledges oneself, vows, promises; pledges, wagers; gives in pledge; testifies”), from gell (“pledge, surety; stake, wager”).

Verb

geall (past gheall, future geallaidh, verbal noun gealltainn or gealladh, past participle geallte)

promise, wager
pledge, vow

Conjugation

Conjugation of geall (regular)

		singular			plural			impersonal
		first	second	third m/f	first	second	third	impersonal
independent	past	gheall mi	gheall thu	gheall e/i	gheall sinn	gheall sibh	gheall iad	ghealladh
	future	geallaidh mi	geallaidh tu	geallaidh e/i	geallaidh sinn	geallaidh sibh	geallaidh iad	geallar gealltar
	conditional	gheallainn	ghealladh tu	ghealladh e/i	gheallamaid ghealladh sinn	ghealladh sibh	ghealladh iad	ghealltadh gheallaist¹ gheallaiste¹
negative	past	cha do gheall mi	cha do gheall thu	cha do gheall e/i	cha do gheall sinn	cha do gheall sibh	cha do gheall iad	cha do ghealladh
	future	cha gheall mi	cha gheall thu	cha gheall e/i	cha gheall sinn	cha gheall sibh	cha gheall iad	cha gheallar cha ghealltar
	conditional	cha gheallainn	cha ghealladh tu	cha ghealladh e/i	cha gheallamaid cha ghealladh sinn	cha ghealladh sibh	cha ghealladh iad	cha ghealltadh cha gheallaist¹ cha gheallaiste¹
affirmative interrogative	past	an do gheall mi?	an do gheall thu?	an do gheall e/i?	an do gheall sinn?	an do gheall sibh?	an do gheall iad?	an do ghealladh?
	future	an geall mi?	an geall thu?	an geall e/i?	an geall sinn?	an geall sibh?	an geall iad?	an geallar? an gealltar?
	conditional	an geallainn?	an gealladh tu?	an gealladh e/i?	an geallamaid? an gealladh sinn?	an gealladh sibh?	an gealladh iad?	an gealltadh? an geallaist?¹ an geallaiste?¹
negative interrogative	past	nach do gheall mi?	nach do gheall thu?	nach do gheall e/i?	nach do gheall sinn?	nach do gheall sibh?	nach do gheall iad?	nach do ghealladh?
	future	nach geall mi?	nach geall thu?	nach geall e/i?	nach geall sinn?	nach geall sibh?	nach geall iad?	nach geallar? nach gealltar?
	conditional	nach geallainn?	nach gealladh tu?	nach gealladh e/i?	nach geallamaid? nach gealladh sinn?	nach gealladh sibh?	nach gealladh iad?	nach gealltadh? nach geallaist?¹ nach geallaiste?¹
relative future	affirmative	(ma) gheallas mi	(ma) gheallas thu	(ma) gheallas e/i	(ma) gheallas sinn	(ma) gheallas sibh	(ma) gheallas iad	(ma) gheallar
relative future	negative	(mur) geall mi	(mur) geall thu	(mur) geall e/i	(mur) geall sinn	(mur) geall sibh	(mur) geall iad	(mur) geallar (mur) gealltar
imperative		geallam	geall	gealladh e/i	geallamaid	geallaibh	gealladh iad	geallar gealltar
stem		geall
verbal noun		gealladh/gealltainn
past participle		geallte

¹ Lewis dialect form

Related terms

gealltanach (“hopeful, promising, promissory”)
gealltanas (“assurance, pledge, promise”)

Mutation

Mutation of *geall*
radical	lenition
geall	gheall

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

geall

Contents

Irish

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Declension

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Verb

Conjugation

Mutation

References

Further reading

Scottish Gaelic

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

Noun

Derived terms

Etymology 2

Verb

Conjugation

Related terms

Mutation

Further reading