tú
Aragonese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Latin tu Akin to Spanish tú and Portuguese tu.
Pronoun
[edit]tú m sg or f sg
- Second-person singular nominative pronoun; you
See also
[edit]nominative | disjunctive | dative | accusative | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first person | singular | yo | me, m'2 | ||||
plural | masculine | nusatros1.1 | nos1.6 | ||||
feminine | nusatras1.1 | ||||||
second person | singular | familiar | tú | te, t'2 | |||
formal | vusté,1.2 vos | ||||||
plural | familiar | masculine | vusatros1.3 | vos, tos3 | |||
feminine | vusatras1.3 | ||||||
formal | vustés,1.2 vos | ||||||
third person | singular | masculine | él1.4 | le1.7 | lo,1.8 l'2 | ||
feminine | ella1.5 | la | |||||
plural | masculine | els, ellos1.4 | les1.7 | los1.9 | |||
feminine | ellas1.5 | las | |||||
reflexive | — | se, s'2 |
- The forms shown in the table are the most widespread ones. Some varieties use different forms:
- nusotros/as (Ansotano, Cheso, Somontanos) and nusaltros/as (Benasquese and Belsetán).
- usté(s) (Benasquese), ustet(z) (Ansotano), vustet(z) (Tensino, Somontanos)
- vusotros/as (Ansotano, Cheso, Somontanos) and vusaltros/as (Benasquese and Belsetán).
- ell(s) (Benasquese) and er(s) (Belsetán).
- era(s) (Belsetán).
- mos (Ribagorçan). Before third-person pronouns and the adverbial pronoun en the contracted form mo' is used.
- li(s) (Cheso, Tensino).
- el (Ribagorçan). The contracted form l' is used before verbs beginning with vowel sounds and 'l after pronouns ending in vowels and no (“no, not”).
- es, els (Ribagorçan). These forms are contracted to 's and 'ls after pronouns ending in vowels and no (“no, not”).
- The contracted forms are used before verbs beginning with vowel sounds.
- In Ribagorçan the contracted form to' is used before third-person pronouns and the adverbial pronoun en.
References
[edit]- “tú”, in Aragonario, diccionario castellano–aragonés (in Spanish)
Chiricahua
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- tó (Chiricahua)
Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Athabaskan *tuˑ.
Noun
[edit]tú
- (Mescalero) water
References
[edit]- Marianna Di Paolo, Arthur K. Spears, Languages and Dialects in the U.S.: Focus on Diversity (2014, →ISBN, page 38 (citing Hoijer 1938)
Fala
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Galician-Portuguese tu, from Latin tū (“you”), from Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ (“you”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]tú m sg or f sg
- Second person singular nominative pronoun; you
See also
[edit]nominative | dative | accusative | disjunctive | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first person | singular | ei | me, -mi | mi | ||
plural | common | nos | musL nusLV nos, -nusM |
nos | ||
masculine | noshotrusM | noshotrusM | ||||
feminine | noshotrasM | noshotrasM | ||||
second person | singular | tú | te, -ti | ti | ||
plural | common | vos | vusLV vos, -vusM |
vos | ||
masculine | voshotrusM | voshotrusM | ||||
feminine | voshotrasM | voshotrasM | ||||
third person | singular | masculine | el | le, -li | uLV, oM | el |
feminine | ela | a | ela | |||
plural | masculine | elis | usLV, osM | elis | ||
feminine | elas | as | elas | |||
reflexive | — | se, -si | sí |
References
[edit]- Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)[1], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN
Faroese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Norse þú, from Proto-Germanic *þū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]tú
- you, thou
- ert tú eingilskmaður/onglendingur? ― are you an Englishman?
- ert tú amerikanari? ― are you an American?
- ert tú føroyingur? ― are you Faroese?
- ert tú týskari? ― are you a German?
- ert tú dani? ― are you a Dane?
- ert tú norðmaður? ― are you a Norwegian?
- ert tú íslendingur? ― are you an Icelander?
- ert tú svii/svíi? ― are you a Swede?
Usage notes
[edit]The informal tú form is correct among younger people and non-foreigners. The very formal form is tygum.
Declension
[edit]Personal pronouns (Persónsfornøvn) | |||||
Singular (eintal) | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person masc. | 3rd person fem. | 3rd person neut. |
Nominative (hvørfall) | eg, jeg | tú | hann | hon | tað |
Accusative (hvønnfall) | meg, mjeg | teg, tjeg | hana | ||
Dative (hvørjumfall) | mær | tær | honum | henni | tí |
Genitive (hvørsfall) | mín | tín | hansara, hans† | hennara, hennar† | tess |
Plural (fleirtal) | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person masc. | 3rd person fem. | 3rd person neut. |
Nominative (hvørfall) | vit | tit | teir | tær | tey |
Accusative (hvønnfall) | okkum | tykkum | |||
Dative (hvørjumfall) | teimum, teim† | ||||
Genitive (hvørsfall) | okkara | tykkara | teirra |
Derived terms
[edit]Hokkien
[edit]For pronunciation and definitions of tú – see 拄 (“to prop; to support; to lean on; to be propped up; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 拄). |
Irish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Old Irish tú, from Proto-Celtic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]tú (emphatic form tusa, conjunctive)
Usage notes
[edit]- Unlike many European languages, Irish does not distinguish between "familiar" and "polite" second-person pronouns. Tú is used to address any one person, regardless of how well known that person is to the speaker.
- The emphatic form tusa is also used as the vocative: Haigh tusa! — "Hey you!"
Related terms
[edit]- thú (disjunctive)
See also
[edit]Number | Person (and gender) | Conjunctive (emphatic) |
Disjunctive (emphatic) |
Possessive determiner |
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | mé (mise) |
mo L m' before vowel sounds | |
Second | tú (tusa)1 |
thú (thusa) |
do L d' before vowel sounds | |
Third masculine | sé (seisean) |
é (eisean) |
a L | |
Third feminine | sí (sise) |
í (ise) |
a H | |
Third neuter | — | ea | — | |
Plural | First | muid, sinn (muidne, muide), (sinne) |
ár E | |
Second | sibh (sibhse)1 |
bhur E | ||
Third | siad (siadsan) |
iad (iadsan) |
a E |
References
[edit]- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “tú”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “tú”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Kambera
[edit]Verb
[edit]tú
- (transitive) to put
References
[edit]- Marian Klamer (1998) A Grammar of Kambera, Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, →ISBN, page 199
Koho
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]tú
References
[edit]- Paul J. Sidwell, Proto South Bahnaric: A Reconstruction of a Mon-Khmer Language of Indo-China (2000)
Ladino
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Latin tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂.
Pronoun
[edit]tú (Latin spelling, Hebrew spelling טו)
- you (singular)
Mandarin
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Audio: (file)
Romanization
[edit]- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 凃
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 啙
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 圖/图, 圗, 図, 图
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 塗/涂
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 宊
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 屠
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 峹
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 嵞
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 庩
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 徒
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 怢
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 悂
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 捈
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 揬
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 梌
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 涂
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 湥
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 潳
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 瑹
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 瘏
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 稌
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 突
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 筡
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 腞
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 腯
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 荼
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 菞
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 葖
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 蒤
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 跌
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 跿
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 途
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 酴
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鈯/𨱄
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鍎
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 馟
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 駼/𬳿
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鵅/𱉮
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鵚/𪉍
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鶟/𱊖
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鷋/𱊠
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鷵/𱊩
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 鼵
Old Gutnish
[edit]Numeral
[edit]tú (masculine tweir, feminine twár)
- neuter nominative/accusative of tweir (“two”)
Old Irish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Celtic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ (compare Ancient Greek σύ (sú), Latin tū, Old Church Slavonic тꙑ (ty), Gothic 𐌸𐌿 (þu), Welsh ti).
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]tú (genitive taí)
- you (singular nominative), thou
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 5b28
- Ní tú nod·n-ail, acht is hé not·ail.
- It is not you that nourishes it, but it that nourishes you.
- c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 92a17
- Bed indbadigthi .i. bed chuintechti .i. cid fáilte ad·cot-sa ⁊ du·ngnéu, is túsu immid·folngi dam, a Dǽ; cid indeb dano ad·cot, is tú, Dǽ, immid·folngi dam.
- To be enriched, i.e. to be sought, i.e. though it is joy that I obtain and make, it is you who effects it for me, O God; so too, though it is wealth that I obtain, it is you, God, who effects it for me.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 5b28
Derived terms
[edit]- tussu (emphatic)
Descendants
[edit]Mutation
[edit]Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
tú | thú | tú pronounced with /d(ʲ)-/ |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
[edit]- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “tú”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Slovincian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Proto-Slavic *tu.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adverb
[edit]tú (not comparable)
- here (at this place)
Further reading
[edit]- Lorentz, Friedrich (1912) “tʉ̇́”, in Slovinzisches Wörterbuch[2] (in German), volume 2, Saint Petersburg: ОРЯС ИАН, page 1242
Spanish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Latin tū, from Proto-Italic *tū, from Proto-Indo-European *túh₂ (whence English thou).
Pronunciation
[edit]Pronoun
[edit]tú
- Second person pronoun in singular tense; you (informal communication in Spain and Mexico)
- Synonym: (in and near Argentina) vos
Usage notes
[edit]- When more pronouns are included in the same sentence, it is considered impolite to say the pronoun yo at first, it must be the last one, and tú must be said after any third person (this applies also for ti and mí):
- Iremos Rosa, tú y yo. ― Rosa, you and I will go.
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Chavacano: tu
See also
[edit]- usted (formal communication)
nominative | dative | accusative | disjunctive | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first person | singular | yo | me | mí1 | |||
plural | masculine2 | nosotros | nos | nosotros | |||
feminine | nosotras | nosotras | |||||
second person | singular | tuteo | tú | te | ti1 | ||
voseo | vos | vos | |||||
formal3 | usted | le, se4 | lo/la5 | usted | |||
plural | familiar6 | masculine2 | vosotros | os | vosotros | ||
feminine | vosotras | vosotras | |||||
formal/general3 | ustedes | les, se4 | los/las5 | ustedes | |||
third person | singular | masculine2 | él | le, se4 | lo | él | |
feminine | ella | la | ella | ||||
neuter | ello7 | lo | ello | ||||
plural | masculine2 | ellos | les, se4 | los | ellos | ||
feminine | ellas | las | ellas | ||||
reflexive | — | se | sí1 |
- Not used with con; conmigo, contigo, and consigo are used instead, respectively
- Like other masculine Spanish words, masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
- Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity
- If le or les precedes lo, la, los, or las in a clause, it is replaced with se (e.g., Se lo dije instead of Le lo dije)
- Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to
- Used primarily in Spain
- Used only in rare circumstances
Further reading
[edit]- “tú”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.7, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 2023 November 28
Tsuut'ina
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Athabaskan *tuˑ. Cognate with Navajo tó
Noun
[edit]tú
Western Apache
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Athabaskan *tuˑ.
Noun
[edit]tú
ǁAni
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Khoe *tú (“rain; to rain”).
Noun
[edit]tú
References
[edit]- Aragonese terms inherited from Latin
- Aragonese terms derived from Latin
- Aragonese lemmas
- Aragonese pronouns
- Aragonese personal pronouns
- Chiricahua terms inherited from Proto-Athabaskan
- Chiricahua terms derived from Proto-Athabaskan
- Chiricahua lemmas
- Chiricahua nouns
- apm:Water
- Fala terms inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Fala terms derived from Old Galician-Portuguese
- Fala terms inherited from Latin
- Fala terms derived from Latin
- Fala terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Fala terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Fala terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Fala terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Fala terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Fala/u
- Rhymes:Fala/u/1 syllable
- Fala lemmas
- Fala pronouns
- Faroese terms derived from Old Norse
- Faroese terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Faroese terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Faroese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Faroese lemmas
- Faroese pronouns
- Faroese terms with usage examples
- Chinese lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Chinese verbs
- Hokkien verbs
- Hokkien pe̍h-ōe-jī forms
- Irish terms inherited from Old Irish
- Irish terms derived from Old Irish
- Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Irish lemmas
- Irish pronouns
- Irish personal pronouns
- Kambera lemmas
- Kambera verbs
- Kambera transitive verbs
- Koho terms with IPA pronunciation
- Koho lemmas
- Koho nouns
- kpm:Time
- Ladino terms derived from Latin
- Ladino terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Ladino lemmas
- Ladino pronouns
- Ladino pronouns in Latin script
- Mandarin terms with audio pronunciation
- Hanyu Pinyin
- Mandarin non-lemma forms
- Old Gutnish non-lemma forms
- Old Gutnish numeral forms
- Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Irish lemmas
- Old Irish pronouns
- Old Irish personal pronouns
- Old Irish terms with quotations
- Slovincian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Slovincian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Slovincian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Slovincian/ʉ
- Rhymes:Slovincian/ʉ/1 syllable
- Slovincian lemmas
- Slovincian adverbs
- Slovincian uncomparable adverbs
- Spanish terms inherited from Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Spanish terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Spanish terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Spanish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Spanish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Spanish 1-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Spanish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Spanish/u
- Rhymes:Spanish/u/1 syllable
- Spanish terms with homophones
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish pronouns
- Spanish terms with usage examples
- Tsuut'ina terms inherited from Proto-Athabaskan
- Tsuut'ina terms derived from Proto-Athabaskan
- Tsuut'ina lemmas
- Tsuut'ina nouns
- srs:Water
- Western Apache terms inherited from Proto-Athabaskan
- Western Apache terms derived from Proto-Athabaskan
- Western Apache lemmas
- Western Apache nouns
- apw:Water
- ǁAni terms inherited from Proto-Khoe
- ǁAni terms derived from Proto-Khoe
- ǁAni lemmas
- ǁAni nouns
- hnh:Water
- hnh:Atmospheric phenomena