l'
Asturian
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Contraction of the masculine article el.
Article
[edit]l' m
- (definite) the
Usage notes
[edit]- The masculine singular article el contracts to l' before a word beginning with a vowel or h: l'asturianu (the Asturian), l'hermanu (the brother)
Related terms
[edit]Etymology 2
[edit]Contraction of the feminine article la.
Article
[edit]l' f
- (definite) the
Usage notes
[edit]- The feminine singular article la contracts to l' before a word beginning with a or ha: l'asturiana (the Asturian), l'habitación (the habitation)
Related terms
[edit]Catalan
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Article
[edit]l' m or f
Usage notes
[edit]- el is contracted to l' before a vowel or h-.
- l'avi ― the grandfather
- la is contracted to l' before a vowel or h-, except before a following unstressed (h)i- or (h)u-.
- l'àvia ― the grandmother
- l'hora ― the hour
- l'única filla (stressed ⟨u⟩) ― the only daughter
- la ullada (unstressed ⟨u⟩) ― the glance
Pronoun
[edit]l'
Usage notes
[edit]- l' is the elided (elida) form of the pronoun. It is used before verbs beginning with a vowel. The exceptions regarding the contraction of la mentioned above apply as well.
- L'envejo. ― I envy him/her.
- La interessa. (unstressed ⟨i⟩) ― It interests her.
Declension
[edit]Corsican
[edit]Article
[edit]l'
- (before a vowel) Apocopic form of u, lu: the
- (before a vowel) Apocopic form of a, la: the
- (before a vowel) Apocopic form of i, li: the
- (before a vowel) Apocopic form of e, le: the
Pronoun
[edit]l'
- (before a vowel) Apocopic form of u, lu: him
- (before a vowel) Apocopic form of a, la: her
- (before a vowel) Apocopic form of i, li: them
- (before a vowel) Apocopic form of e, le: them
See also
[edit]References
[edit]Esperanto
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Article
[edit]l' (definite)
Usage notes
[edit]It is used mainly in poetry and lyrics as a tool for enforcing a specific meter or rhythm, although it may at times be used in prose for a poetic stylistic effect.
A space is used after l' (e.g. "de l' mondo", not "de l'mondo"). It is most common after prepositions ending in a vowel, de l' (“of the”) being most common by far.
When possible it is pronounced at the end of the proceeding syllable rather than at the start of the following syllable (e.g. de l' animo (“of the soul”) is pronounced /del aˈni.mo/ rather than /de laˈni.mo/).
Frequent or consistent use of l' can be found as a feature of the ideolects of some people, but this is considered non-standard, and is discouraged by the majority of fluent speakers.
Derived terms
[edit]Franco-Provençal
[edit]Determiner
[edit]l' m or f
Pronoun
[edit]l' m or f
French
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Article
[edit]l’ m or f (singular, definite)
- (before a vowel or mute h) Apocopic form of le, la: the
- (Quebec, Louisiana, colloquial, after a vowel) Apocopic form of le: the
- 2002, Jean-François Pauzé (lyrics and music), “La Manifestation”, in Break Syndical:
- À la manifestation, / on rêvait d’révolution / se gelant l’cul avec une poignée de comparses / sous la pluie froide du mois d’mars
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Pronoun
[edit]l’ m or f (third-person singular)
- (before a vowel or mute h) Apocopic form of le, la: him, her, it
- (Quebec, Louisiana, colloquial, after a vowel) Apocopic form of le: him, it
- 2002, Jean-François Pauzé, Marie-Annick Lépine (lyrics and music), “Toune d'automne”, in Break Syndical:
- Icitte y’a papa qui se r’met / fe sa p’tite opération / t’aurais du l’voir, y fakait / fallait l’traiter aux p’tits oignons
- (please add an English translation of this quotation)
Related terms
[edit]Number | Person | Gender | Nominative (subject) |
Accusative (direct complement) |
Dative (indirect complement) |
Locative (at) |
Genitive (of) |
Disjunctive (tonic) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | je, j’ | me, m’ | — | — | moi | |
Second | — | tu | te, t’ | — | — | toi | ||
Third | Masculine | il | le, l’ | lui | y | en | lui | |
Feminine | elle | la, l’ | elle | |||||
Indeterminate | on1 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
Reflexive | — | se, s’4 | — | — | soi4 | |||
Plural | First | — | nous | nous | — | — | nous | |
Second | — | vous2 | vous2,3 | — | — | vous2 | ||
Third | Masculine | ils3 | les | leur | y | en | eux3 | |
Feminine | elles | elles |
- 1 Also used as the first person plural.
- 2 Also used as the polite singular form.
- 3 Also used when a group has both men and women.
- 4 Also used as third person plural reflexive.
Further reading
[edit]- “l'”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Friulian
[edit]Friulian Definite Articles | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
masculine | il l' |
i |
feminine | la l' |
lis |
Article
[edit]l' m or f (definite)
Haitian Creole
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Contration of li, from French lui.
Pronoun
[edit]l'
Ido
[edit]Article
[edit]l'
Italian
[edit]Italian Definite Articles | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
masculine | il lo/l' |
i gli |
feminine | la/l' | le |
Pronunciation
[edit]Article
[edit]l' m or f (apocopated) (definite)
Pronoun
[edit]l' m or f (apocopated)
Usage notes
[edit]- Optionally elides before a vowel, especially before ho and ha: l'ho, l'ha. Elision before other verbs beginning with a stressed vowel is less common: lo era instead of l'era, lo è instead of l'è.
See also
[edit]Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Reflexive | Accusative | Dative | Combined | Disjunctive | Locative | Partitive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | first | — | io | mi, m', -mi | me | me | — | |||
second | — | tu | ti, t', -ti | te | te | |||||
third | m | lui | si2, s', -si | lo, l', -lo | gli, -gli | glie, se2 | lui, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | lei, Lei1 | la, La1, l', L'1, -la, -La1 | le3, Le1, -le3, -Le1 | lei, Lei1, sé | ||||||
Plural | first | — | noi | ci, c', -ci | ce | noi | — | |||
second | — | voi, Voi4 | vi, Vi4, v', V'4, -vi, -Vi4 | ve | voi, Voi4 | |||||
third | m | loro, Loro1 | si, s', -si | li, Li1, -li, -Li1 | gli, -gli, loro (formal), Loro1 |
glie, se | loro, Loro1, sé | ci, c', vi, v' (formal) |
ne, n' | |
f | le, Le1, -le, -Le1 | |||||||||
1 | Third person pronominal forms used as formal terms of address to refer to second person subjects (with the first letter frequently capitalised as a sign of respect, and to distinguish them from third person subjects). Unlike the singular forms, the plural forms are mostly antiquated terms of formal address in the modern language, and second person plural pronouns are almost always used instead. | |||||||||
2 | Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive. | |||||||||
3 | Often replaced by gli, -gli in informal language. | |||||||||
4 | Formal (capitalisation optional); in many regions, can refer to just one person (compare with French vous). |
Ladin
[edit]Article
[edit]l' f (singular)
See also
[edit]Leonese
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Contraction of the masculine article el.
Article
[edit]l' m sg
Usage notes
[edit]- The masculine singular article el contracts to l' before a word beginning with a vowel or h.
Etymology 2
[edit]Contraction of the feminine article la.
Article
[edit]l' f sg
Usage notes
[edit]- The feminine singular article la contracts to l' before a word beginning with a or ha.
Ligurian
[edit]Article
[edit]l' m sg (definite)
- (before a vowel) the (+ a masculine name in the singular)
Middle French
[edit]Article
[edit]l'
Usage notes
[edit]- Earlier manuscripts omit the apostrophe
- lame ― the soul
Neapolitan
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Particle
[edit]l' m and f (singular and plural definite)
Old French
[edit]Article
[edit]l'
Usage notes
[edit]- Original manuscripts omit the apostrophe
- lame ― the soul
Romagnol
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]- e' before a consonant
Article
[edit]l' m (before a vowel)
Sassarese
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Article
[edit]l'
Sassarese definite articles | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
masculine | lu/l' | li/l' |
feminine | la/l' |
Pronoun
[edit]l'
Usage notes
[edit]- Used before a vowel sound.
- Asturian lemmas
- Asturian articles
- Asturian apocopic forms
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan articles
- Catalan contractions
- Catalan terms with usage examples
- Catalan pronouns
- Catalan personal pronouns
- Corsican lemmas
- Corsican articles
- Corsican apocopic forms
- Corsican pronouns
- Corsican personal pronouns
- Esperanto terms with IPA pronunciation
- Esperanto lemmas
- Esperanto articles
- Esperanto poetic terms
- Esperanto apocopic forms
- Franco-Provençal non-lemma forms
- Franco-Provençal determiner forms
- Franco-Provençal clippings
- Franco-Provençal pronoun forms
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio pronunciation
- French lemmas
- French articles
- French apocopic forms
- Quebec French
- Louisiana French
- French colloquialisms
- French terms with quotations
- French non-lemma forms
- French pronoun forms
- French personal pronouns
- Friulian lemmas
- Friulian articles
- Friulian apocopic forms
- Haitian Creole terms derived from French
- Haitian Creole lemmas
- Haitian Creole pronouns
- Haitian Creole contractions
- Ido lemmas
- Ido articles
- Ido apocopic forms
- Italian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Italian non-lemma forms
- Italian article forms
- Italian apocopic forms
- Italian pronoun forms
- Ladin lemmas
- Ladin articles
- Ladin apocopic forms
- Leonese lemmas
- Leonese articles
- Leonese apocopic forms
- Ligurian lemmas
- Ligurian articles
- Middle French lemmas
- Middle French articles
- Middle French terms with usage examples
- Neapolitan terms inherited from Latin
- Neapolitan terms derived from Latin
- Neapolitan lemmas
- Neapolitan articles
- Neapolitan apocopic forms
- Old French lemmas
- Old French articles
- Old French apocopic forms
- Old French terms with usage examples
- Romagnol lemmas
- Romagnol articles
- Sassarese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Sassarese lemmas
- Sassarese articles
- Sassarese apocopic forms
- Sassarese pronouns