estre

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See also: -estre

English

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Etymology

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From Old French estre (“state, plan”). Cognate with some forms of be (including is and are).

Noun

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estre (plural estres)

  1. (archaic or obsolete) The indoor layout or plan of a castle.
    • 1954, C. S. Lewis, chapter 15, in The Horse and His Boy, page 239:
      "And tomorrow, Cor," he added, "shalt come over all the castle with me and see the estres and mark all its strength and weakness: for it will be thine to guard when I'm gone."

See also

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References

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Anagrams

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Franco-Provençal

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Verb

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estre (Old Beaujolais, Old Dauphinois, Old Lyonnais)

  1. Alternative form of étre (“to be”)

References

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French

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Alternative forms

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Verb

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estre

  1. Archaic spelling of être.

Conjugation

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Conjugation of estre (see also Appendix:French verbs)
infinitive simple estre
compound avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1 simple estant
/e.tɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
past participle esté
/e.te/
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle, on nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present suis
/sɥi/ 		es
/ɛ/ 		est
/ɛ/ 		sommes
/sɔm/ 		estes
/ɛt/ 		sont
/sɔ̃/
imperfect estois
/e.tɛ/ 		estois
/e.tɛ/ 		estoit
/e.tɛ/ 		estions
/e.tjɔ̃/ 		estiez
/e.tje/ 		estoient
/e.tɛ/
past historic2 fus
/fy/ 		fus
/fy/ 		fut
/fy/ 		fumes
/fym/ 		fustes
/fyt/ 		furent
/fyʁ/
future seroi
/sə.ʁe/ 		seras
/sə.ʁa/ 		sera
/sə.ʁa/ 		serons
/sə.ʁɔ̃/ 		serez
/sə.ʁe/ 		seront
/sə.ʁɔ̃/
conditional serois
/sə.ʁɛ/ 		serois
/sə.ʁɛ/ 		seroit
/sə.ʁɛ/ 		serions
/sə.ʁjɔ̃/ 		seriez
/sə.ʁje/ 		seroient
/sə.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present sois
/swa/ 		sois
/swa/ 		soit
/swa/ 		soyons
/swa.jɔ̃/ 		soyez
/swa.je/ 		soient
/swa/
imperfect2 fusse
/fys/ 		fusses
/fys/ 		fust
/fy/ 		fussions
/fy.sjɔ̃/ 		fussiez
/fy.sje/ 		fussent
/fys/
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — sois
/swa/ 		— soyons
/swa.jɔ̃/ 		soyez
/swa.je/ 		—
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
  • past historic → present perfect
  • past anterior → pluperfect
  • imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive
  • pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive

(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Anagrams

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Galician

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Verb

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estre

  1. inflection of estrar:
    1. first/third-person singular present subjunctive
    2. third-person singular imperative

Hungarian

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Etymology

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est +‎ -re

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈɛʃtrɛ]
  • Hyphenation: est‧re

Noun

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estre

  1. sublative singular of est

Middle French

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Etymology

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From Old French estre.

Pronunciation

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Verb

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estre

  1. to be

Conjugation

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  • Like Modern French être, highly irregular.
  • Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
Conjugation of estre
infinitive simple estre
compound avoir + past participle
present participle1 or gerund2 simple estant
compound present participle or gerund of avoir + past participle
past participle esté
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ie (i’) tu il, elle nous vous ilz, elles
(simple
tenses) 		present suis, suys, sui es est sommes estes sont
imperfect estois, estoys estois, estoys estoit, estoyt estions estiez estoyent, estoient
past historic fus fus fut fumes fustes furent
future seroi seras sera serons serez seront
conditional serois, seroys serois, seroys seroit, seroyt serions seriez seroient, seroyent
(compound
tenses) 		present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que ie (i’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ilz, qu’elles
(simple
tenses) 		present sois, soys sois, soys soit, soyt soyons soyez soyent, soient
imperfect fusse fusses fust fussions fussiez fussent
(compound
tenses) 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — sois, soys — soyons soyez —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 The present participle was variable in gender and number until the 17th century (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], Une esthétique nouvelle: Honoré d'Urfé, correcteur de l'Astrée, p. 179). The French Academy would eventually declare it not to be declined in 1679.
2 The gerund was held to be invariable by grammarians of the early 17th century, and was usable with preposition en, as in Modern French, although the preposition was not mandatory (Anne Sancier-Château [1995], op. cit., p. 180).

Noun

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estre m (plural estres)

  1. being (creature, entity)

Quotations

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Descendants

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  • French: être
  • → Middle English: estre (“circumstance”)

Old French

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FWOTD – 10 July 2013

Etymology

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Inherited from Early Medieval Latin essere, from Classical Latin esse. Unrelated to ester < stāre (“stand”) but progressively blended with it.

Pronunciation

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  • (classical) IPA(key): /ˈɛstɾə/
  • (late) IPA(key): /ˈɛːtɾə/

Verb

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estre

  1. to be

Conjugation

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This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of estre (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple compound
infinitive estre avoir esté
gerund en estant gerund of avoir + past participle
present participle estant
past participle esté
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu il nos vos il
simple
tenses 		present sui es, ies est somes, esmes estes sont
imperfect iere, ere, estoie, esteie ieres, eres, estoies, esteies iere, iereṭ, ere, ereṭ, iert, ert, estoit, esteit eriiens, erions, estiiens, estiens eriiez, estiiez, estiez ierent, erent, estoient, esteient
preterite fui fus fu fumes fustes furent
future ier, er, serai, estrai iers, ers, seras, estras iert, ert, sera, estra iermes, ermes, serons, estrons iertes, ertes, seroiz, sereiz, serez, estroiz, estreiz, estrez ierent, erent, seront, estront
conditional seroie, sereie, estroie, estreie seroies, sereies, estroies, estreies seroit, sereit, estroit, estreit seriiens, seriens, estriiens, estriens seriiez, seriez, estriiez, estriez seroient, sereient, estroient, estreient
compound
tenses 		present perfect present tense of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect tense of avoir + past participle
past anterior preterite tense of avoir + past participle
future perfect future tense of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional tense of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que jo que tu qu’il que nos que vos qu’il
simple
tenses 		present soie soies soit soiiens, soions soiiez soient
imperfect fusse fusses fust fussons, fussiens fussoiz, fussez, fussiez fussent
compound
tenses 		past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nos vos –
— soies — soiiens, soions soiiez —

Quotations

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Descendants

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(In many if not all cases blended with ester.)

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