arbed
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See also: arƀed
English
[edit]Verb
[edit]arbed
- simple past and past participle of arb
Anagrams
[edit]Welsh
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Celtic *ɸare-kʷet-; compare Old Irish ar·cessi (“have mercy on”).[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]arbed (first-person singular present arbedaf)
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | arbedaf | arbedi | arbed | arbedwn | arbedwch | arbedant | arbedir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
arbedwn | arbedit | arbedai | arbedem | arbedech | arbedent | arbedid | |
| preterite | arbedais | arbedaist | arbedodd | arbedasom | arbedasoch | arbedasant | arbedwyd | |
| pluperfect | arbedaswn | arbedasit | arbedasai | arbedasem | arbedasech | arbedasent | arbedasid, arbedesid | |
| present subjunctive | arbedwyf | arbedych | arbedo | arbedom | arbedoch | arbedont | arbeder | |
| imperative | — | arbed | arbeded | arbedwn | arbedwch | arbedent | arbeder | |
| verbal noun | arbed | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | arbededig arbedadwy | |||||||
- Obsolete third-person singular present indicative/future: erbyd
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | arbeda i, arbedaf i | arbedi di | arbedith o/e/hi, arbediff e/hi | arbedwn ni | arbedwch chi | arbedan nhw |
| conditional | arbedwn i, arbedswn i | arbedet ti, arbedset ti | arbedai fo/fe/hi, arbedsai fo/fe/hi | arbeden ni, arbedsen ni | arbedech chi, arbedsech chi | arbeden nhw, arbedsen nhw |
| preterite | arbedais i, arbedes i | arbedaist ti, arbedest ti | arbedodd o/e/hi | arbedon ni | arbedoch chi | arbedon nhw |
| imperative | — | arbeda | — | — | arbedwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Mutation
[edit]| radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
|---|---|---|---|
| arbed | unchanged | unchanged | harbed |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
References
[edit]- ^ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*fare-kʷet-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 123
Further reading
[edit]- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “arbedaf”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies