| OpenCV 4.3.0 Open Source Computer Vision

How to run deep networks in browser

## Introduction

This tutorial will show us how to run deep learning models using OpenCV.js right in a browser. Tutorial refers a sample of face detection and face recognition models pipeline.

## Face detection

Face detection network gets BGR image as input and produces set of bounding boxes that might contain faces. All that we need is just select the boxes with a strong confidence.

## Face recognition

Network is called OpenFace (project https://github.com/cmusatyalab/openface). Face recognition model receives RGB face image of size `96x96`. Then it returns `128`-dimensional unit vector that represents input face as a point on the unit multidimensional sphere. So difference between two faces is an angle between two output vectors.

## Sample

All the sample is an HTML page that has JavaScript code to use OpenCV.js functionality. You may see an insertion of this page below. Press `Start` button to begin a demo. Press `Add a person` to name a person that is recognized as an unknown one. Next we'll discuss main parts of the code.

1. Run face detection network to detect faces on input image.
   function detectFaces(img) {
   var blob = cv.blobFromImage(img, 1, {width: 192, height: 144}, [104, 117, 123, 0], false, false);
   netDet.setInput(blob);
   var out = netDet.forward();
   var faces = [];
   for (var i = 0, n = out.data32F.length; i < n; i += 7) {
   var confidence = out.data32F[i + 2];
   var left = out.data32F[i + 3] * img.cols;
   var top = out.data32F[i + 4] * img.rows;
   var right = out.data32F[i + 5] * img.cols;
   var bottom = out.data32F[i + 6] * img.rows;
   left = Math.min(Math.max(0, left), img.cols - 1);
   right = Math.min(Math.max(0, right), img.cols - 1);
   bottom = Math.min(Math.max(0, bottom), img.rows - 1);
   top = Math.min(Math.max(0, top), img.rows - 1);
   if (confidence > 0.5 && left < right && top < bottom) {
   faces.push({x: left, y: top, width: right - left, height: bottom - top})
   }
   }
   blob.delete();
   out.delete();
   return faces;
   };
   You may play with input blob sizes to balance detection quality and efficiency. The bigger input blob the smaller faces may be detected.
2. Run face recognition network to receive `128`-dimensional unit feature vector by input face image.
   function face2vec(face) {
   var blob = cv.blobFromImage(face, 1.0 / 255, {width: 96, height: 96}, [0, 0, 0, 0], true, false)
   netRecogn.setInput(blob);
   var vec = netRecogn.forward();
   blob.delete();
   return vec;
   };
3. Perform a recognition.
   function recognize(face) {
   var vec = face2vec(face);
   var bestMatchName = 'unknown';
   var bestMatchScore = 0.5; // Actually, the minimum is -1 but we use it as a threshold.
   for (name in persons) {
   var personVec = persons[name];
   var score = vec.dot(personVec);
   if (score > bestMatchScore) {
   bestMatchScore = score;
   bestMatchName = name;
   }
   }
   vec.delete();
   return bestMatchName;
   };
   Match a new feature vector with registered ones. Return a name of the best matched person.
4. The main loop.
   var isRunning = false;
   const FPS = 30; // Target number of frames processed per second.
   function captureFrame() {
   var begin = Date.now();
   cap.read(frame); // Read a frame from camera
   cv.cvtColor(frame, frameBGR, cv.COLOR_RGBA2BGR);
   var faces = detectFaces(frameBGR);
   faces.forEach(function(rect) {
   cv.rectangle(frame, {x: rect.x, y: rect.y}, {x: rect.x + rect.width, y: rect.y + rect.height}, [0, 255, 0, 255]);
   var face = frameBGR.roi(rect);
   var name = recognize(face);
   cv.putText(frame, name, {x: rect.x, y: rect.y}, cv.FONT_HERSHEY_SIMPLEX, 1.0, [0, 255, 0, 255]);
   });
   cv.imshow(output, frame);
   // Loop this function.
   if (isRunning) {
   var delay = 1000 / FPS - (Date.now() - begin);
   setTimeout(captureFrame, delay);
   }
   };
   A main loop of our application receives a frames from a camera and makes a recognition of an every detected face on the frame. We start this function ones when OpenCV.js was initialized and deep learning models were downloaded.