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#!/usr/bin/env bash
# Mininet install script for Ubuntu (and Debian Lenny)
# Brandon Heller (brandonh@stanford.edu)
# Fail on error
set -e
# Fail on unset var usage
set -o nounset
# Get directory containing mininet folder
MININET_DIR="$( cd -P "$( dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )/../.." && pwd -P )"
# Set up build directory, which by default is the working directory
# unless the working directory is a subdirectory of mininet,
# in which case we use the directory containing mininet
BUILD_DIR="$(pwd -P)"
case $BUILD_DIR in
$MININET_DIR/*) BUILD_DIR=$MININET_DIR;; # currect directory is a subdirectory
*) BUILD_DIR=$BUILD_DIR;;
esac
# Location of CONFIG_NET_NS-enabled kernel(s)
KERNEL_LOC=http://www.openflow.org/downloads/mininet
# Attempt to identify Linux release
DIST=Unknown
RELEASE=Unknown
CODENAME=Unknown
ARCH=`uname -m`
if [ "$ARCH" = "x86_64" ]; then ARCH="amd64"; fi
if [ "$ARCH" = "i686" ]; then ARCH="i386"; fi
test -e /etc/debian_version && DIST="Debian"
grep Ubuntu /etc/lsb-release &> /dev/null && DIST="Ubuntu"
if [ "$DIST" = "Ubuntu" ] || [ "$DIST" = "Debian" ]; then
install='sudo apt-get -y install'
remove='sudo apt-get -y remove'
pkginst='sudo dpkg -i'
# Prereqs for this script
if ! which lsb_release &> /dev/null; then
$install lsb-release
fi
fi
test -e /etc/fedora-release && DIST="Fedora"
if [ "$DIST" = "Fedora" ]; then
install='sudo yum -y install'
remove='sudo yum -y erase'
pkginst='sudo rpm -ivh'
# Prereqs for this script
if ! which lsb_release &> /dev/null; then
$install redhat-lsb-core
fi
fi
if which lsb_release &> /dev/null; then
DIST=`lsb_release -is`
RELEASE=`lsb_release -rs`
CODENAME=`lsb_release -cs`
fi
echo "Detected Linux distribution: $DIST $RELEASE $CODENAME $ARCH"
# Kernel params
KERNEL_NAME=`uname -r`
KERNEL_HEADERS=kernel-headers-${KERNEL_NAME}
if ! echo $DIST | egrep 'Ubuntu|Debian|Fedora'; then
echo "Install.sh currently only supports Ubuntu, Debian and Fedora."
exit 1
fi
# More distribution info
DIST_LC=`echo $DIST | tr [A-Z] [a-z]` # as lower case
# Determine whether version $1 >= version $2
# usage: if version_ge 1.20 1.2.3; then echo "true!"; fi
function version_ge {
# sort -V sorts by *version number*
latest=`printf "$1\n$2" | sort -V | tail -1`
# If $1 is latest version, then $1 >= $2
[ "$1" == "$latest" ]
}
# Kernel Deb pkg to be removed:
KERNEL_IMAGE_OLD=linux-image-2.6.26-33-generic
DRIVERS_DIR=/lib/modules/${KERNEL_NAME}/kernel/drivers/net
OVS_RELEASE=1.4.0
OVS_PACKAGE_LOC=https://github.com/downloads/mininet/mininet
OVS_BUILDSUFFIX=-ignore # was -2
OVS_PACKAGE_NAME=ovs-$OVS_RELEASE-core-$DIST_LC-$RELEASE-$ARCH$OVS_BUILDSUFFIX.tar
OVS_TAG=v$OVS_RELEASE
OF13_SWITCH_REV=${OF13_SWITCH_REV:-""}
function kernel {
echo "Install Mininet-compatible kernel if necessary"
sudo apt-get update
$install linux-image-$KERNEL_NAME
}
function kernel_clean {
echo "Cleaning kernel..."
# To save disk space, remove previous kernel
if ! $remove $KERNEL_IMAGE_OLD; then
echo $KERNEL_IMAGE_OLD not installed.
fi
# Also remove downloaded packages:
rm -f $HOME/linux-headers-* $HOME/linux-image-*
}
# Install Mininet deps
function mn_deps {
echo "Installing Mininet dependencies"
if [ "$DIST" = "Fedora" ]; then
$install gcc make socat psmisc xterm openssh-clients iperf \
iproute telnet python-setuptools libcgroup-tools \
ethtool help2man pyflakes pylint python-pep8
else
$install gcc make socat psmisc xterm ssh iperf iproute telnet \
python-setuptools cgroup-bin ethtool help2man \
pyflakes pylint pep8
fi
echo "Installing Mininet core"
pushd $MININET_DIR/mininet
sudo make install
popd
}
# Install Mininet developer dependencies
function mn_dev {
echo "Installing Mininet developer dependencies"
$install doxygen doxypy texlive-fonts-recommended
}
# The following will cause a full OF install, covering:
# -user switch
# The instructions below are an abbreviated version from
# http://www.openflowswitch.org/wk/index.php/Debian_Install
function of {
echo "Installing OpenFlow reference implementation..."
cd $BUILD_DIR
$install autoconf automake libtool make gcc
if [ "$DIST" = "Fedora" ]; then
$install git pkgconfig glibc-devel
else
$install git-core autotools-dev pkg-config libc6-dev
fi
git clone git://openflowswitch.org/openflow.git
cd $BUILD_DIR/openflow
# Patch controller to handle more than 16 switches
patch -p1 < $MININET_DIR/mininet/util/openflow-patches/controller.patch
# Resume the install:
./boot.sh
./configure
make
sudo make install
cd $BUILD_DIR
}
function of13 {
echo "Installing OpenFlow 1.3 soft switch implementation..."
cd $BUILD_DIR/
$install git-core autoconf automake autotools-dev pkg-config \
make gcc g++ libtool libc6-dev cmake libpcap-dev libxerces-c2-dev \
unzip libpcre3-dev flex bison libboost-dev
if [ ! -d "ofsoftswitch13" ]; then
git clone https://github.com/CPqD/ofsoftswitch13.git
if [[ -n "$OF13_SWITCH_REV" ]]; then
cd ofsoftswitch13
git checkout ${OF13_SWITCH_REV}
cd ..
fi
fi
# Install netbee
NBEESRC="nbeesrc-jan-10-2013"
NBEEURL=${NBEEURL:-http://www.nbee.org/download/}
wget -nc ${NBEEURL}${NBEESRC}.zip
unzip ${NBEESRC}.zip
cd ${NBEESRC}/src
cmake .
make
cd $BUILD_DIR/
sudo cp ${NBEESRC}/bin/libn*.so /usr/local/lib
sudo ldconfig
sudo cp -R ${NBEESRC}/include/ /usr/
# Resume the install:
cd $BUILD_DIR/ofsoftswitch13
./boot.sh
./configure
make
sudo make install
cd $BUILD_DIR
}
function install_wireshark {
if ! which wireshark; then
echo "Installing Wireshark"
if [ "$DIST" = "Fedora" ]; then
$install wireshark wireshark-gnome
else
$install wireshark tshark
fi
fi
# Copy coloring rules: OF is white-on-blue:
echo "Optionally installing wireshark color filters"
mkdir -p $HOME/.wireshark
cp -n $MININET_DIR/mininet/util/colorfilters $HOME/.wireshark
echo "Checking Wireshark version"
WSVER=`wireshark -v | egrep -o '[0-9\.]+' | head -1`
if version_ge $WSVER 1.12; then
echo "Wireshark version $WSVER >= 1.12 - returning"
return
fi
echo "Cloning LoxiGen and building openflow.lua dissector"
cd $BUILD_DIR
git clone https://github.com/floodlight/loxigen.git
cd loxigen
make wireshark
# Copy into plugin directory
# libwireshark0/ on 11.04; libwireshark1/ on later
WSDIR=`find /usr/lib -type d -name 'libwireshark*' | head -1`
WSPLUGDIR=$WSDIR/plugins/
PLUGIN=loxi_output/wireshark/openflow.lua
sudo cp $PLUGIN $WSPLUGDIR
echo "Copied openflow plugin $PLUGIN to $WSPLUGDIR"
cd $BUILD_DIR
# Install Open vSwitch specific version Ubuntu package
function ubuntuOvs {
echo "Creating and Installing Open vSwitch packages..."
OVS_SRC=$BUILD_DIR/openvswitch
OVS_TARBALL_LOC=http://openvswitch.org/releases
if [ "$DIST" = "Ubuntu" ] && version_ge $RELEASE 12.04; then
rm -rf $OVS_SRC
mkdir -p $OVS_SRC
cd $OVS_SRC
if wget $OVS_TARBALL_LOC/openvswitch-$OVS_RELEASE.tar.gz 2> /dev/null; then
tar xzf openvswitch-$OVS_RELEASE.tar.gz
else
echo "Failed to find OVS at $OVS_TARBALL_LOC/openvswitch-$OVS_RELEASE.tar.gz"
cd $BUILD_DIR
return
fi
# Remove any old packages
$remove openvswitch-common openvswitch-datapath-dkms openvswitch-controller \
openvswitch-pki openvswitch-switch
# Get build deps
$install build-essential fakeroot debhelper autoconf automake libssl-dev \
pkg-config bzip2 openssl python-all procps python-qt4 \
python-zopeinterface python-twisted-conch dkms
# Build OVS
cd $BUILD_DIR/openvswitch/openvswitch-$OVS_RELEASE
DEB_BUILD_OPTIONS='parallel=2 nocheck' fakeroot debian/rules binary
cd ..
$pkginst openvswitch-common_$OVS_RELEASE*.deb openvswitch-datapath-dkms_$OVS_RELEASE*.deb \
openvswitch-pki_$OVS_RELEASE*.deb openvswitch-switch_$OVS_RELEASE*.deb
if $pkginst openvswitch-controller_$OVS_RELEASE*.deb; then
echo "Ignoring error installing openvswitch-controller"
fi
modinfo openvswitch
sudo ovs-vsctl show
# Switch can run on its own, but
# Mininet should control the controller
# This appears to only be an issue on Ubuntu/Debian
if sudo service openvswitch-controller stop; then
echo "Stopped running controller"
fi
if [ -e /etc/init.d/openvswitch-controller ]; then
sudo update-rc.d openvswitch-controller disable
fi
else
echo "Failed to install Open vSwitch. OS must be Ubuntu >= 12.04"
cd $BUILD_DIR
return
fi
}
# Install Open vSwitch
function ovs {
echo "Installing Open vSwitch..."
if [ "$DIST" == "Fedora" ]; then
$install openvswitch openvswitch-controller
return
fi
# Manually installing openvswitch-datapath may be necessary
# for manually built kernel .debs using Debian's defective kernel
# packaging, which doesn't yield usable headers.
if ! dpkg --get-selections | grep openvswitch-datapath; then
# If you've already installed a datapath, assume you
# know what you're doing and don't need dkms datapath.
# Otherwise, install it.
$install openvswitch-datapath-dkms
fi
$install openvswitch-switch
if $install openvswitch-controller; then
# Switch can run on its own, but
# Mininet should control the controller
# This appears to only be an issue on Ubuntu/Debian
if sudo service openvswitch-controller stop; then
echo "Stopped running controller"
fi
if [ -e /etc/init.d/openvswitch-controller ]; then
sudo update-rc.d openvswitch-controller disable
fi
else
echo "Attempting to install openvswitch-testcontroller"
if ! $install openvswitch-testcontroller; then
echo "Failed - giving up"
fi
fi
}
function remove_ovs {
pkgs=`dpkg --get-selections | grep openvswitch | awk '{ print $1;}'`
echo "Removing existing Open vSwitch packages:"
echo $pkgs
if ! $remove $pkgs; then
echo "Not all packages removed correctly"
fi
# For some reason this doesn't happen
if scripts=`ls /etc/init.d/*openvswitch* 2>/dev/null`; then
echo $scripts
for s in $scripts; do
s=$(basename $s)
echo SCRIPT $s
sudo service $s stop
sudo rm -f /etc/init.d/$s
sudo update-rc.d -f $s remove
done
fi
echo "Done removing OVS"
}
function ivs {
echo "Installing Indigo Virtual Switch..."
IVS_SRC=$BUILD_DIR/ivs
# Install dependencies
$install git pkg-config gcc make libnl-3-dev libnl-route-3-dev libnl-genl-3-dev
# Install IVS from source
cd $BUILD_DIR
git clone git://github.com/floodlight/ivs $IVS_SRC --recursive
cd $IVS_SRC
make
sudo make install
}
# Install RYU
function ryu {
echo "Installing RYU..."
# install Ryu dependencies"
$install autoconf automake g++ libtool python make
if [ "$DIST" = "Ubuntu" ]; then
$install libxml2 libxslt-dev python-pip python-dev
sudo pip install gevent
elif [ "$DIST" = "Debian" ]; then
$install libxml2 libxslt-dev python-pip python-dev
sudo pip install gevent
fi
# if needed, update python-six
SIX_VER=`pip show six | grep Version | awk '{print $2}'`
if version_ge 1.7.0 $SIX_VER; then
echo "Installing python-six version 1.7.0..."
sudo pip install -I six==1.7.0
fi
# fetch RYU
cd $BUILD_DIR/
git clone git://github.com/osrg/ryu.git ryu
cd ryu
# install ryu
sudo python ./setup.py install
# Add symbolic link to /usr/bin
sudo ln -s ./bin/ryu-manager /usr/local/bin/ryu-manager
}
# Install NOX with tutorial files
function nox {
echo "Installing NOX w/tutorial files..."
# Install NOX deps:
$install autoconf automake g++ libtool python python-twisted \
swig libssl-dev make
if [ "$DIST" = "Debian" ]; then
$install libboost1.35-dev
elif [ "$DIST" = "Ubuntu" ]; then
$install python-dev libboost-dev
$install libboost-filesystem-dev
$install libboost-test-dev
fi
# Install NOX optional deps:
$install libsqlite3-dev python-simplejson
# Fetch NOX destiny
cd $BUILD_DIR/
git clone https://github.com/noxrepo/nox-classic.git noxcore
cd noxcore
if ! git checkout -b destiny remotes/origin/destiny ; then
echo "Did not check out a new destiny branch - assuming current branch is destiny"
fi
# Apply patches
git checkout -b tutorial-destiny
git am $MININET_DIR/mininet/util/nox-patches/*tutorial-port-nox-destiny*.patch
if [ "$DIST" = "Ubuntu" ] && version_ge $RELEASE 12.04; then
git am $MININET_DIR/mininet/util/nox-patches/*nox-ubuntu12-hacks.patch
fi
# Build
./boot.sh
mkdir build
cd build
../configure
make -j3
#make check
# Add NOX_CORE_DIR env var:
sed -i -e 's|# for examples$|&\nexport NOX_CORE_DIR=$BUILD_DIR/noxcore/build/src|' ~/.bashrc
# To verify this install:
#cd ~/noxcore/build/src
#./nox_core -v -i ptcp:
}
# Install NOX Classic/Zaku for OpenFlow 1.3
function nox13 {
echo "Installing NOX w/tutorial files..."
# Install NOX deps:
$install autoconf automake g++ libtool python python-twisted \
swig libssl-dev make
if [ "$DIST" = "Debian" ]; then
$install libboost1.35-dev
elif [ "$DIST" = "Ubuntu" ]; then
$install python-dev libboost-dev
$install libboost-filesystem-dev
$install libboost-test-dev
fi
# Fetch NOX destiny
cd $BUILD_DIR/
git clone https://github.com/CPqD/nox13oflib.git
cd nox13oflib
# Build
./boot.sh
mkdir build
cd build
../configure
make -j3
#make check
# To verify this install:
#cd ~/nox13oflib/build/src
#./nox_core -v -i ptcp:
}
# "Install" POX
function pox {
echo "Installing POX into $BUILD_DIR/pox..."
cd $BUILD_DIR
git clone https://github.com/noxrepo/pox.git
}
# Install OFtest
function oftest {
echo "Installing oftest..."
# Install deps:
$install tcpdump python-scapy
# Install oftest:
cd $BUILD_DIR/
git clone git://github.com/floodlight/oftest
}
# Install cbench
function cbench {
echo "Installing cbench..."
if [ "$DIST" = "Fedora" ]; then
$install net-snmp-devel libpcap-devel libconfig-devel
else
$install libsnmp-dev libpcap-dev libconfig-dev
fi
cd $BUILD_DIR/
git clone git://gitosis.stanford.edu/oflops.git
cd oflops
sh boot.sh || true # possible error in autoreconf, so run twice
sh boot.sh
./configure --with-openflow-src-dir=$BUILD_DIR/openflow
make
sudo make install || true # make install fails; force past this
}
function vm_other {
echo "Doing other Mininet VM setup tasks..."
# Remove avahi-daemon, which may cause unwanted discovery packets to be
# sent during tests, near link status changes:
echo "Removing avahi-daemon"
$remove avahi-daemon
# was: Disable IPv6. Add to /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist:
#echo "Attempting to disable IPv6"
#if [ "$DIST" = "Ubuntu" ]; then
# BLACKLIST=/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist.conf
#else
# BLACKLIST=/etc/modprobe.d/blacklist
#fi
#sudo sh -c "echo 'blacklist net-pf-10\nblacklist ipv6' >> $BLACKLIST"
# Disable IPv6
if ! grep 'disable IPv6' /etc/sysctl.conf; then
echo 'Disabling IPv6'
echo '
# Mininet: disable IPv6
net.ipv6.conf.all.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.default.disable_ipv6 = 1
net.ipv6.conf.lo.disable_ipv6 = 1' | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf > /dev/null
fi
# Disabling IPv6 breaks X11 forwarding via ssh
line='AddressFamily inet'
file='/etc/ssh/sshd_config'
echo "Adding $line to $file"
if ! grep "$line" $file > /dev/null; then
echo "$line" | sudo tee -a $file > /dev/null
fi
# Enable command auto completion using sudo; modify ~/.bashrc:
sed -i -e 's|# for examples$|&\ncomplete -cf sudo|' ~/.bashrc
# Install tcpdump, cmd-line packet dump tool. Also install gitk,
# a graphical git history viewer.
$install tcpdump gitk
# Install common text editors
$install vim nano emacs
# Install NTP
$install ntp
# Install vconfig for VLAN example
if [ "$DIST" = "Fedora" ]; then
$install vconfig
else
$install vlan
fi
# Set git to colorize everything.
git config --global color.diff auto
git config --global color.status auto
git config --global color.branch auto
# Reduce boot screen opt-out delay. Modify timeout in /boot/grub/menu.lst to 1:
if [ "$DIST" = "Debian" ]; then
sudo sed -i -e 's/^timeout.*$/timeout 1/' /boot/grub/menu.lst
fi
# Clean unneeded debs:
rm -f ~/linux-headers-* ~/linux-image-*
}
# Script to copy built OVS kernel module to where modprobe will
# find them automatically. Removes the need to keep an environment variable
# for insmod usage, and works nicely with multiple kernel versions.
#
# The downside is that after each recompilation of OVS you'll need to
# re-run this script. If you're using only one kernel version, then it may be
# a good idea to use a symbolic link in place of the copy below.
function modprobe {
echo "Setting up modprobe for OVS kmod..."
set +o nounset
if [ -z "$OVS_KMODS" ]; then
echo "OVS_KMODS not set. Aborting."
else
sudo cp $OVS_KMODS $DRIVERS_DIR
sudo depmod -a ${KERNEL_NAME}
fi
set -o nounset
}
function all {
if [ "$DIST" = "Fedora" ]; then
printf "\nFedora 18+ support (still work in progress):\n"
printf " * Fedora 18+ has kernel 3.10 RPMS in the updates repositories\n"
printf " * Fedora 18+ has openvswitch 1.10 RPMS in the updates repositories\n"
printf " * the install.sh script options [-bfnpvw] should work.\n"
printf " * for a basic setup just try:\n"
printf " install.sh -fnpv\n\n"
exit 3
fi
echo "Installing all packages except for -eix (doxypy, ivs, nox-classic)..."
kernel
mn_deps
# Skip mn_dev (doxypy/texlive/fonts/etc.) because it's huge
# mn_dev
of
install_wireshark
ovs
# We may add ivs once it's more mature
# ivs
# NOX-classic is deprecated, but you can install it manually if desired.
# nox
pox
oftest
cbench
echo "Enjoy Mininet!"
}
# Restore disk space and remove sensitive files before shipping a VM.
function vm_clean {
echo "Cleaning VM..."
sudo apt-get clean
sudo apt-get autoremove
sudo rm -rf /tmp/*
sudo rm -rf openvswitch*.tar.gz
# Remove sensistive files
history -c # note this won't work if you have multiple bash sessions
rm -f ~/.bash_history # need to clear in memory and remove on disk
rm -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa* ~/.ssh/known_hosts
sudo rm -f ~/.ssh/authorized_keys*
# Remove Mininet files
#sudo rm -f /lib/modules/python2.5/site-packages/mininet*
#sudo rm -f /usr/bin/mnexec
# Clear optional dev script for SSH keychain load on boot
rm -f ~/.bash_profile
# Clear git changes
git config --global user.name "None"
git config --global user.email "None"
# Note: you can shrink the .vmdk in vmware using
# vmware-vdiskmanager -k *.vmdk
echo "Zeroing out disk blocks for efficient compaction..."
time sudo dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/zero bs=1M
sync ; sleep 1 ; sync ; sudo rm -f /tmp/zero
}
function usage {
printf '\nUsage: %s [-abcdfhikmnprtvVwxy03]\n\n' $(basename $0) >&2
printf 'This install script attempts to install useful packages\n' >&2
printf 'for Mininet. It should (hopefully) work on Ubuntu 11.10+\n' >&2
printf 'If you run into trouble, try\n' >&2
printf 'installing one thing at a time, and looking at the \n' >&2
printf 'specific installation function in this script.\n\n' >&2
printf 'options:\n' >&2
printf -- ' -a: (default) install (A)ll packages - good luck!\n' >&2
printf -- ' -b: install controller (B)enchmark (oflops)\n' >&2
printf -- ' -c: (C)lean up after kernel install\n' >&2
printf -- ' -d: (D)elete some sensitive files from a VM image\n' >&2
printf -- ' -e: install Mininet d(E)veloper dependencies\n' >&2
printf -- ' -f: install Open(F)low\n' >&2
printf -- ' -h: print this (H)elp message\n' >&2
printf -- ' -i: install (I)ndigo Virtual Switch\n' >&2
printf -- ' -k: install new (K)ernel\n' >&2
printf -- ' -m: install Open vSwitch kernel (M)odule from source dir\n' >&2
printf -- ' -n: install Mini(N)et dependencies + core files\n' >&2
printf -- ' -p: install (P)OX OpenFlow Controller\n' >&2
printf -- ' -r: remove existing Open vSwitch packages\n' >&2
printf -- ' -s <dir>: place dependency (S)ource/build trees in <dir>\n' >&2
printf -- ' -t: complete o(T)her Mininet VM setup tasks\n' >&2
printf -- ' -v: install Open (V)switch\n' >&2
printf -- ' -V <version>: install a particular version of Open (V)switch on Ubuntu\n' >&2
printf -- ' -w: install OpenFlow (W)ireshark dissector\n' >&2
printf -- ' -y: install R(y)u Controller\n' >&2
printf -- ' -x: install NO(X) Classic OpenFlow controller\n' >&2
printf -- ' -0: (default) -0[fx] installs OpenFlow 1.0 versions\n' >&2
printf -- ' -3: -3[fx] installs OpenFlow 1.3 versions\n' >&2
exit 2
}
OF_VERSION=1.0
if [ $# -eq 0 ]
then
all
else
while getopts 'abcdefhikmnprs:tvV:wxy03' OPTION
do
case $OPTION in
a) all;;
b) cbench;;
c) kernel_clean;;
d) vm_clean;;
e) mn_dev;;
f) case $OF_VERSION in
1.0) of;;
1.3) of13;;
*) echo "Invalid OpenFlow version $OF_VERSION";;
esac;;
h) usage;;
i) ivs;;
k) kernel;;
m) modprobe;;
n) mn_deps;;
p) pox;;
r) remove_ovs;;
s) mkdir -p $OPTARG; # ensure the directory is created
BUILD_DIR="$( cd -P "$OPTARG" && pwd )"; # get the full path
echo "Dependency installation directory: $BUILD_DIR";;
t) vm_other;;
v) ovs;;
V) OVS_RELEASE=$OPTARG;
ubuntuOvs;;
w) install_wireshark;;
x) case $OF_VERSION in
1.0) nox;;
1.3) nox13;;
*) echo "Invalid OpenFlow version $OF_VERSION";;
esac;;
y) ryu;;
0) OF_VERSION=1.0;;
3) OF_VERSION=1.3;;
?) usage;;
esac
done
shift $(($OPTIND - 1))
fi