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.\" Manpage for miniflux.
.\" Write one sentence per line and use \: to add break points in long URLs.
.TH "MINIFLUX" "1" "October 31, 2026" "\ \&" "\ \&"
.\" Left-align text, disable hyphenation, and use a single space between sentences.
.ds AD l
.ss 12 0
.nr HY 0
.SH NAME
miniflux \- Minimalist and opinionated feed reader
.SH SYNOPSIS
\fBminiflux\fR [\fBoptions\fR]
.SH DESCRIPTION
\fBminiflux\fR is a minimalist and opinionated feed reader.
.PP
When started without any command option, \fBminiflux\fR runs as a daemon:
it starts the HTTP server, the background scheduler that refreshes feeds,
and the cleanup jobs.
.PP
Miniflux requires a PostgreSQL database.
The database schema must be up to date before the daemon starts:
use \fB\-migrate\fR or set \fBRUN_MIGRATIONS\fR.
.PP
Options can be prefixed with one or two dashes.
.SH OPTIONS
.TP
\fB\-c\fR, \fB\-config\-file\fR \fI/path/to/miniflux.conf\fR
Load configuration file.
Environment variables override the values defined in the file.
.TP
.B \-config\-dump
Print parsed configuration values and exit.
The output includes sensitive information like passwords.
.TP
.B \-create\-admin
Create an admin user from an interactive terminal and exit.
The username and password are prompted for.
.TP
.B \-debug
Set log level to debug.
.TP
\fB\-export\-user\-feeds\fR \fIusername\fR
Export the feeds of the given user as OPML to the standard output and exit.
.TP
.B \-flush\-sessions
Flush all sessions (disconnect users) and exit.
.TP
\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-help\fR
Show usage information and exit.
.TP
\fB\-healthcheck\fR \fIendpoint\fR
Perform a health check on the given endpoint and exit.
The check fails if the endpoint cannot be reached within 3 seconds
or does not return HTTP status 200.
.IP
The value "auto" builds the endpoint from the first \fBLISTEN_ADDR\fR address
and the base path of \fBBASE_URL\fR,
for example http://127.0.0.1:8080/healthcheck.
.TP
\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-info\fR
Show build information and exit.
.TP
.B \-migrate
Run SQL migrations and exit.
.TP
.B \-refresh\-feeds
Refresh a batch of feeds and exit.
.TP
.B \-reset\-feed\-errors
Clear all feed errors for all users and exit.
.TP
.B \-reset\-feed\-next\-check\-at
Reset the next check time for all feeds and exit.
.TP
.B \-reset\-password
Reset a user password from an interactive terminal and exit.
The username and new password are prompted for.
.TP
.B \-run\-cleanup\-tasks
Run cleanup tasks (delete old sessions and archive old entries) and exit.
.TP
\fB\-v\fR, \fB\-version\fR
Show application version and exit.
.SH CONFIGURATION FILE
The configuration file is a text file that follows these rules:
.PD 0
.IP \(bu 2
Each line is in KEY=VALUE format.
.IP \(bu 2
Lines beginning with # are comments and are ignored.
.IP \(bu 2
Blank lines and lines without "=" are ignored.
.IP \(bu 2
Whitespace around keys and values is removed.
.IP \(bu 2
Quotes are not removed: values are used as written.
.IP \(bu 2
An empty value keeps the default value.
.IP \(bu 2
Unknown keys are ignored.
.IP \(bu 2
There is no variable interpolation.
.PD
.PP
Keys are the same as the environment variables described below.
Environment variables override the values defined in the config file.
.SH ENVIRONMENT
Boolean options accept the following values (case-insensitive):
1/0, yes/no, true/false, on/off.
.PP
For variables ending in \fB_FILE\fR,
the value is a path to a file that contains the corresponding secret value.
.TP
.B ADMIN_PASSWORD
Admin user password, used only if \fBCREATE_ADMIN\fR is enabled.
.IP
Default is empty.
.TP
.B ADMIN_PASSWORD_FILE
Path to a secret key exposed as a file,
it should contain the \fBADMIN_PASSWORD\fR value.
.IP
Default is empty.
.TP
.B ADMIN_USERNAME
Admin user login, used only if \fBCREATE_ADMIN\fR is enabled.
.IP
Default is empty.
.TP
.B ADMIN_USERNAME_FILE
Path to a secret key exposed as a file,
it should contain the \fBADMIN_USERNAME\fR value.
.IP
Default is empty.
.TP
.B AUTH_PROXY_HEADER
Proxy authentication HTTP header.
The option \fBTRUSTED_REVERSE_PROXY_NETWORKS\fR must be configured
to allow the proxy to authenticate users.
.IP
Default is empty.
.TP
.B AUTH_PROXY_USER_CREATION
Set to 1 to create users based on proxy authentication information.
Whe
8000
n disabled, users must already exist in Miniflux
to sign in through the proxy.
.IP
Disabled by default.
.TP
.B BASE_URL
Base URL to generate HTML links and base path for cookies.
The scheme must be http or https.
.IP
A path component sets the base path when Miniflux is served from a subfolder,
for example https://example.org/miniflux/.
.IP
Default is http://localhost.
.TP
.B BATCH_SIZE
Number of feeds to send to the queue for each interval.
.IP
Default is 100 feeds.
.TP
.B CERT_DOMAIN
Use Let's Encrypt to get automatically a certificate for this domain.
Miniflux also listens on port 80 to answer the ACME HTTP challenge.
Certificates are cached in the database.
.IP
This option cannot be used with \fBCERT_FILE\fR and \fBKEY_FILE\fR.
.IP
Default is empty.
.TP
.B CERT_FILE
Path to SSL certificate.
Must be used with \fBKEY_FILE\fR.
.IP
Default is empty.
.TP
.B CLEANUP_ARCHIVE_BATCH_SIZE
Number of entries to archive for each job interval.
.IP
Default is 10000 entries.
.TP
.B CLEANUP_ARCHIVE_READ_DAYS
Number of days before the cleanup job archives read entries.
.IP
Archiving deletes non-bookmarked, non-shared read entries from the database
and records a tombstone to prevent the same entry
from being imported again during a later feed refresh.
.IP
Set to \-1 to disable automatic archiving of read entries.
.IP
Default is 60 days.
.TP
.B CLEANUP_ARCHIVE_UNREAD_DAYS
Number of days before the cleanup job archives unread entries.
.IP
Archiving deletes non-bookmarked, non-shared unread entries from the database
and records a tombstone to prevent the same entry
from being imported again during a later feed refresh.
.IP
Set to \-1 to disable automatic archiving of unread entries.
.IP
Default is 180 days.
.TP
.B CLEANUP_FREQUENCY_HOURS
Interval in hours between cleanup jobs
(remove old sessions and archive entries).
.IP
Default is 24 hours.
.TP
.B CLEANUP_REMOVE_SESSIONS_DAYS
Number of days after which sessions are removed from the database.
.IP
Default is 30 days.
.TP
.B CREATE_ADMIN
Set to 1 to create an admin user from environment variables.
.IP
Disabled by default.
.TP
.B DATABASE_CONNECTION_LIFETIME
Maximum amount of time in minutes a connection may be reused.
.IP
Default is 5 minutes.
.TP
.B DATABASE_MAX_CONNS
Maximum number of database connections.
.IP
Default is 20.
.TP
.B DATABASE_MIN_CONNS
Minimum number of database connections.
Must be less than or equal to \fBDATABASE_MAX_CONNS\fR.
.IP
Default is 1.
.TP
.B DATABASE_URL
PostgreSQL connection parameters.
.IP
Default is "user=postgres password=postgres dbname=miniflux2 sslmode=disable".
.TP
.B DATABASE_URL_FILE
Path to a secret key exposed as a file,
it should contain the \fBDATABASE_URL\fR value.
.IP
Default is empty.
.TP
.B DISABLE_API
Disable miniflux's API.
.IP
Default is false (the API is enabled).
.TP
.B DISABLE_HSTS
Disable HTTP Strict Transport Security header if \fBHTTPS\fR is set.
.IP
Default is false (HSTS is enabled).
.TP
.B DISABLE_HTTP_SERVICE
Set the value to 1 to disable the HTTP service.
.IP
Default is false (the HTTP service is enabled).
.TP
.B DISABLE_LOCAL_AUTH
Disable local authentication.
When set to true, the username/password form is hidden from the login screen,
and the options to change username/password or unlink OAuth2 account
are hidden from the settings page.
.IP
Password authentication is also rejected by the login form
and by the REST API HTTP Basic Authentication,
and passwords can no longer be changed.
API clients must use an API key instead.
.IP
This option requires an alternative authentication source
such as OAuth2, auth proxy, or WebAuthn/Passkeys.
If remote user creation is disabled, only existing users can sign in.
.IP
To use WebAuthn as the only authentication method,
register at least one Passkey while another authentication method is available,
before enabling \fBDISABLE_LOCAL_AUTH\fR.
.IP
Default is false.
.TP
.B DISABLE_SCHEDULER_SERVICE
Set the value to 1 to disable the internal scheduler service.
.IP
Default is false (the internal scheduler service is enabled).
.TP
.B FETCHER_ALLOW_PRIVATE_FEED_PROXY
Set to 1 to allow feed proxy URLs to use private or loopback network addresses.
.IP
This option applies to all authenticated users
and should only be enabled when the private proxy boundary is trusted.
.IP
Disabled by default.
.TP
.B FETCHER_ALLOW_PRIVATE_NETWORKS
Set to 1 to allow outgoing fetcher requests to private or loopback networks.
.IP
Disabled by default, private networks are refused.
.TP
.B FETCH_BILIBILI_WATCH_TIME
Set the value to 1 to scrape video duration from Bilibili website
and use it as a reading time.
.IP
Disabled by default.
.TP
.B FETCH_NEBULA_WATCH_TIME
Set the value to 1 to scrape video duration from Nebula website
and use it as a reading time.
.IP
Disabled by default.
.TP
.B FETCH_ODYSEE_WATCH_TIME
Set the value to 1 to scrape video duration from Odysee website
and use it as a reading time.
.IP
Disabled by default.
.TP
.B FETCH_YOUTUBE_WATCH_TIME
Set the value to 1 to scrape video duration from YouTube website
and use it as a reading time.
.IP
Disabled by default.
.TP
.B FORCE_REFRESH_INTERVAL
Minimum interval in minutes between two manual refreshes.
.IP
Default is 30 minutes.
.TP
.B HTTP_CLIENT_MAX_BODY_SIZE
Maximum body size for HTTP requests in Mebibyte (MiB).
.IP
Default is 15 MiB.
.TP
.B HTTP_CLIENT_PROXIES
Enable proxy rotation for outgoing requests
by providing a comma-separated list of proxy URLs.
.IP
Default is empty.
.TP
.B HTTP_CLIENT_PROXY
Proxy URL to use when the "Fetch via proxy" feed option is enabled.
.IP
Default is empty.
.TP
.B HTTP_CLIENT_TIMEOUT
Time limit in seconds before the HTTP client cancels the request.
.IP
Default is 20 seconds.
.TP
.B HTTP_CLIENT_USER_AGENT
The default User-Agent header to use for the HTTP client.
It can be overridden in per-feed settings.
.IP
When empty, Miniflux uses a default User-Agent
that includes the Miniflux version.
.IP
Default is empty.
.TP
.B HTTP_SERVER_TIMEOUT
Read, write, and idle timeout in seconds for the HTTP server.
.IP
Default is 300 seconds.
.TP
.B HTTPS
Forces cookies to use secure flag and send HSTS header.
.IP
Default is disabled.
.TP
.B INTEGRATION_ALLOW_PRIVATE_NETWORKS
Set to 1 to allow outgoing integration requests to private or loopback networks.
.IP
Disabled by default, private networks are refused.
.TP
.B INVIDIOUS_INSTANCE
Set a custom invidious instance to use.
.IP
Default is yewtu.be.
.TP
.B KEY_FILE
Path to SSL private key.
Must be used with \fBCERT_FILE\fR.
.IP
Default is empty.
.TP
.B LISTEN_ADDR
Address to listen on.
Multiple addresses can be specified, separated by commas,
for example 127.0.0.1:8080, 127.0.0.1:8081.
.IP
Use an absolute path to listen on a Unix socket (/var/run/miniflux.sock).
When Miniflux creates the socket itself, it uses mode \fB0660\fR.
This mode is hardcoded and cannot be configured.
.IP
With systemd socket activation, Miniflux uses the socket passed by systemd
and only the first address is taken into account.
.IP
Default is 127.0.0.1:8080.
.TP
.B LOG_DATE_TIME
Display the date and time in log messages.
.IP
Disabled by default.
.TP
.B LOG_FILE
Supported values are "stderr", "stdout", or a file name.
.IP
Default is "stderr".
.TP
.B LOG_FORMAT
Supported log formats are "text" or "json".
.IP
Default is "text".
.TP
.B LOG_LEVEL
Supported values are "debug", "info", "warning", or "error".
.IP
Default is "info".
.TP
.B MAINTENANCE_MESSAGE
Define a custom maintenance message.
.IP
Default is "Miniflux is currently under maintenance".
.TP
.B MAINTENANCE_MODE
Set to 1 to enable maintenance mode.
.IP
Disabled by default.
.TP
.B MEDIA_PROXY_CUSTOM_URL
Sets an external server to proxy media through.
.IP
Default is empty, Miniflux does the proxying.
.TP
.B MEDIA_PROXY_HTTP_CLIENT_TIMEOUT
Time limit in seconds before the media proxy HTTP client cancels the request.
.IP
Default is 120 seconds.
.TP
.B MEDIA_PROXY_MODE
Possible values are:
.RS
.TP
.B http\-only
Proxy only media served over insecure HTTP.
.TP
.B all
Proxy all media.
.TP
.B none
Disable the media proxy.
.RE
.IP
Default is "http-only".
.TP
.B MEDIA_PROXY_PRIVATE_KEY
Set a custom private key used to sign proxified media URLs.
.IP
By default, a secret key is randomly generated during startup.
Proxified URLs are therefore invalidated on restart
and are not shared between multiple instances.
Set this option to keep them stable.
.TP
.B MEDIA_PROXY_RESOURCE_TYPES
A comma-separated list of media types to proxify.
Supported values are: image, audio, video.
.IP
Default is image.
.TP
.B METRICS_ALLOWED_NETWORKS
List of networks allowed to access the metrics endpoint
(comma-separated values).
.IP
Default is 127.0.0.1/8.
.TP
.B METRICS_COLLECTOR
Set to 1 to enable the metrics collector
and expose a /metrics endpoint for Prometheus.
.IP
Disabled by default.
.TP
.B METRICS_PASSWORD
Metrics endpoint password for basic HTTP authentication.
Must be used with \fBMETRICS_USERNAME\fR.
.IP
Default is empty.
.TP
.B METRICS_PASSWORD_FILE
Path to a file that contains the password
for the metrics endpoint HTTP authentication.
.IP
Default is empty.
.TP
.B METRICS_REFRESH_INTERVAL
Interval in seconds between two collections of database metrics.
.IP
Default is 60 seconds.
.TP
.B METRICS_USERNAME
Metrics endpoint username for basic HTTP authentication.
Must be used with \fBMETRICS_PASSWORD\fR.
.IP
Default is empty.
.TP
.B METRICS_USERNAME_FILE
Path to a file that contains the username
for the metrics endpoint HTTP authentication.
.IP
Default is empty.
.TP
.B OAUTH2_ADDITIONAL_SCOPES
Additional OAuth2 scopes to request.
.IP
Default is empty.
.TP
.B OAUTH2_ADMIN_GROUP
Group for administrators.
When set, the admin role is mapped based on the specified group.
.IP
Default is empty.
.TP
.B OAUTH2_CLIENT_ID
OAuth2 client ID.
.IP
Default is empty.
.TP
.B OAUTH2_CLIENT_ID_FILE
Path to a secret key exposed as a file,
it should contain the \fBOAUTH2_CLIENT_ID\fR value.
.IP
Default is empty.
.TP
.B OAUTH2_CLIENT_SECRET
OAuth2 client secret.
.IP
Default is empty.
.TP
.B OAUTH2_CLIENT_SECRET_FILE
Path to a secret key exposed as a file,
it should contain the \fBOAUTH2_CLIENT_SECRET\fR value.
.IP
Default is empty.
.TP
.B OAUTH2_GROUP_CLAIM
Claim that contains user groups,
which can be used for mapping the admin role.
.IP
The claim is read from the user info response, then from the ID token.
Users without this claim are not administrators.
.IP
Default is empty.
.TP
.B OAUTH2_OIDC_DISCOVERY_ENDPOINT
OpenID Connect discovery endpoint.
Required when \fBOAUTH2_PROVIDER\fR is set to "oidc".
.IP
Default is empty.
.TP
.B OAUTH2_OIDC_PROVIDER_NAME
Name to display for the OIDC provider.
.IP
Default is "OpenID Connect".
.TP
.B OAUTH2_PROVIDER
Possible values are "google" or "oidc".
.IP
Default is empty.
.TP
.B OAUTH2_REDIRECT_URL
OAuth2 redirect URL.
This URL must be registered with the provider
and is something like https://\:miniflux.example.org/\:oauth2/\:oidc/\:callback.
.IP
Default is empty.
.TP
.B OAUTH2_USER_CREATION
Set to 1 to authorize OAuth2 user creation.
When disabled, users must already exist in Miniflux
or have a linked OAuth2 account to sign in.
.IP
Disabled by default.
.TP
.B POLLING_FREQUENCY
Interval in minutes for the background job scheduler.
It determines how often a batch of feeds is selected for refresh,
based on their last refresh time.
.IP
Default is 60 minutes.
.TP
.B POLLING_LIMIT_PER_HOST
Limits the number of concurrent requests to the same hostname
when polling feeds.
This helps prevent overwhelming a single server
during batch processing by the worker pool.
.IP
Default is 0 (disabled).
.TP
.B POLLING_PARSING_ERROR_LIMIT
The maximum number of parsing errors that the program will try
before stopping polling a feed.
Once the limit is reached, the user must refresh the feed manually.
Set to 0 for unlimited.
.IP
Default is 3.
.TP
.B POLLING_SCHEDULER
Determines the strategy used to schedule feed polling.
Supported values are:
.RS
.TP
.B round_robin
Feeds are polled in a fixed, rotating order.
.TP
.B entry_frequency
The polling interval for each feed is based on
the average update frequency over the past week.
.RE
.IP
The number of feeds polled in a given period is limited by
the \fBPOLLING_FREQUENCY\fR and \fBBATCH_SIZE\fR settings.
Regardless of the scheduler used,
the total number of polled feeds will not exceed
the maximum allowed per polling cycle.
.IP
Default is "round_robin".
.TP
.B PORT
Override \fBLISTEN_ADDR\fR with \fB:$PORT\fR,
which listens on all network interfaces.
The value must be between 1 and 65535.
.IP
Default is empty.
.TP
.B RUN_MIGRATIONS
Set to 1 to run database migrations.
.IP
Disabled by default.
.TP
.B SCHEDULER_ENTRY_FREQUENCY_FACTOR
Factor to increase refresh frequency for the entry frequency scheduler.
.IP
Default is 1.
.TP
.B SCHEDULER_ENTRY_FREQUENCY_MAX_INTERVAL
Maximum interval in minutes for the entry frequency scheduler.
.IP
Default is 1440 minutes (24 hours).
.TP
.B SCHEDULER_ENTRY_FREQUENCY_MIN_INTERVAL
Minimum interval in minutes for the entry frequency scheduler.
Must be less than or equal to
\fBSCHEDULER_ENTRY_FREQUENCY_MAX_INTERVAL\fR.
.IP
Default is 5 minutes.
.TP
.B SCHEDULER_ROUND_ROBIN_MAX_INTERVAL
Maximum interval in minutes for the round robin scheduler.
.IP
Default is 1440 minutes (24 hours).
.TP
.B SCHEDULER_ROUND_ROBIN_MIN_INTERVAL
Minimum interval in minutes for the round robin scheduler.
Must be less than or equal to
\fBSCHEDULER_ROUND_ROBIN_MAX_INTERVAL\fR.
.IP
Default is 60 minutes.
.TP
.B TRUSTED_REVERSE_PROXY_NETWORKS
A comma-separated list of networks (CIDR notation) allowed to use
the proxy authentication header,
\fBX-Forwarded-For\fR, \fBX-Forwarded-Proto\fR, and \fBX-Real-Ip\fR headers.
.IP
Default is empty.
.TP
.B WATCHDOG
Enable or disable Systemd watchdog.
.IP
Enabled by default.
.TP
.B WEBAUTHN
Enable or disable WebAuthn/Passkey authentication.
.IP
You must provide a username on the login page
if you are using non-discoverable (non-resident) credentials,
such as some hardware security keys.
This is not required for discoverable credentials (Passkeys).
.IP
Default is disabled.
.TP
.B WORKER_POOL_SIZE
Number of background workers.
.IP
Default is 16 workers.
.TP
.B YOUTUBE_API_KEY
YouTube API key for use with \fBFETCH_YOUTUBE_WATCH_TIME\fR.
If nonempty, the duration will be fetched from the YouTube API.
Otherwise, the duration will be fetched from the YouTube website.
.IP
Default is empty.
.TP
.B YOUTUBE_EMBED_URL_OVERRIDE
YouTube URL which will be used for embeds.
.IP
Default is https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/.
.SH FILES
.TP
.I /etc/miniflux.conf
Configuration file installed by the Debian and RPM packages.
The systemd service loads it as environment variables.
.SH EXIT STATUS
\fBminiflux\fR exits with status 0 on success and 1 on error.
With \fB\-healthcheck\fR, a non-zero status means the health check failed.
.SH EXAMPLES
Run the database migrations and create an admin user
from environment variables:
.PP
.EX
export DATABASE_URL="postgres://miniflux:secret@localhost/miniflux?sslmode=disable"
RUN_MIGRATIONS=1 CREATE_ADMIN=1 ADMIN_USERNAME=admin \e
ADMIN_PASSWORD=changeme miniflux
.EE
.PP
Start Miniflux with a configuration file:
.PP
.EX
miniflux \-c /etc/miniflux.conf
.EE
.PP
Check that a running instance is healthy,
for example in a container health check:
.PP
.EX
miniflux \-healthcheck auto
.EE
.PP
Export the feeds of a user:
.PP
.EX
miniflux \-export\-user\-feeds someone > feeds.xml
.EE
.SH SEE ALSO
Online documentation: https://miniflux.app/docs/
.SH AUTHORS
Miniflux is developed and maintained by Fr\['e]d\['e]ric Guillot
with contributions from the Miniflux community.
.SH "COPYRIGHT"
Miniflux is released under the Apache 2.0 license.