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/*
* Minio Cloud Storage, (C) 2016, 2017, 2018 Minio, Inc.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package cmd
import (
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
"io/ioutil"
"os"
"sync"
"encoding/hex"
humanize "github.com/dustin/go-humanize"
"github.com/minio/minio/pkg/errors"
sha256 "github.com/minio/sha256-simd"
)
const (
// Represents XL backend.
formatBackendXL = "xl"
// formatXLV1.XL.Version - version '1'.
formatXLVersionV1 = "1"
// formatXLV2.XL.Version - version '2'.
formatXLVersionV2 = "2"
// formatXLV3.XL.Version - version '3'.
formatXLVersionV3 = "3"
// Distribution algorithm used.
formatXLVersionV2DistributionAlgo = "CRCMOD"
)
// Offline disk UUID represents an offline disk.
const offlineDiskUUID = "ffffffff-ffff-ffff-ffff-ffffffffffff"
// Healing is only supported for the list of errors mentioned here.
var formatHealErrors = map[error]struct{}{
errUnformattedDisk: {},
errDiskNotFound: {},
}
// List of errors considered critical for disk formatting.
var formatCriticalErrors = map[error]struct{}{
errCorruptedFormat: {},
errFaultyDisk: {},
}
// Used to detect the version of "xl" format.
type formatXLVersionDetect struct {
XL struct {
Version string `json:"version"`
} `json:"xl"`
}
// Represents the V1 backend disk structure version
// under `.minio.sys` and actual data namespace.
// formatXLV1 - structure holds format config version '1'.
type formatXLV1 struct {
formatMetaV1
XL struct {
Version string `json:"version"` // Version of 'xl' format.
Disk string `json:"disk"` // Disk field carries assigned disk uuid.
// JBOD field carries the input disk order generated the first
// time when fresh disks were supplied.
JBOD []string `json:"jbod"`
} `json:"xl"` // XL field holds xl format.
}
// Represents the V2 backend disk structure version
// under `.minio.sys` and actual data namespace.
// formatXLV2 - structure holds format config version '2'.
type formatXLV2 struct {
Version string `json:"version"`
Format string `json:"format"`
XL struct {
Version string `json:"version"` // Version of 'xl' format.
This string `json:"this"` // This field carries assigned disk uuid.
// Sets field carries the input disk order generated the first
// time when fresh disks were supplied, it is a two dimensional
// array second dimension represents list of disks used per set.
Sets [][]string `json:"sets"`
// Distribution algorithm represents the hashing algorithm
// to pick the right set index for an object.
DistributionAlgo string `json:"distributionAlgo"`
} `json:"xl"`
}
// formatXLV3 struct is same as formatXLV2 struct except that formatXLV3.XL.Version is "3" indicating
// the simplified multipart backend which is a flat hierarchy now.
// In .minio.sys/multipart we have:
// sha256(bucket/object)/uploadID/[xl.json, part.1, part.2 ....]
type formatXLV3 struct {
Version string `json:"version"`
Format string `json:"format"`
XL struct {
Version string `json:"version"` // Version of 'xl' format.
This string `json:"this"` // This field carries assigned disk uuid.
// Sets field carries the input disk order generated the first
// time when fresh disks were supplied, it is a two dimensional
// array second dimension represents list of disks used per set.
Sets [][]string `json:"sets"`
// Distribution algorithm represents the hashing algorithm
// to pick the right set index for an object.
DistributionAlgo string `json:"distributionAlgo"`
} `json:"xl"`
}
// Returns formatXL.XL.Version
func newFormatXLV3(numSets int, setLen int) *formatXLV3 {
format := &formatXLV3{}
format.Version = formatMetaVersionV1
format.Format = formatBackendXL
format.XL.Version = formatXLVersionV3
format.XL.DistributionAlgo = formatXLVersionV2DistributionAlgo
format.XL.Sets = make([][]string, numSets)
for i := 0; i < numSets; i++ {
format.XL.Sets[i] = make([]string, setLen)
for j := 0; j < setLen; j++ {
format.XL.Sets[i][j] = mustGetUUID()
}
}
return format
}
// Returns formatXL.XL.Version information, this code is specifically
// used to read XL `format.json` and capture any version information
// that it may have.
func formatXLGetVersion(formatPath string) (string, error) {
format := &formatXLVersionDetect{}
b, err := ioutil.ReadFile(formatPath)
if err != nil {
return "", err
}
if err = json.Unmarshal(b, format); err != nil {
return "", err
}
return format.XL.Version, nil
}
// Returns format meta format version from `format.json`. This code
// is specifically used to detect meta format.
func formatMetaGetFormatBackendXL(formatPath string) (string, error) {
meta := &formatMetaV1{}
b, err := ioutil.ReadFile(formatPath)
if err != nil {
return "", err
E870
}
if err = json.Unmarshal(b, meta); err != nil {
return "", err
}
if meta.Version != formatMetaVersionV1 {
return "", fmt.Errorf(`format.Version expected: %s, got: %s`, formatMetaVersionV1, meta.Version)
}
return meta.Format, nil
}
// Migrates all previous versions to latest version of `format.json`,
// this code calls migration in sequence, such as V1 is migrated to V2
// first before it V2 migrates to V3.
func formatXLMigrate(export string) error {
formatPath := pathJoin(export, minioMetaBucket, formatConfigFile)
backend, err := formatMetaGetFormatBackendXL(formatPath)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if backend != formatBackendXL {
return fmt.Errorf(`Disk %s: found backend %s, expected %s`, export, backend, formatBackendXL)
}
version, err := formatXLGetVersion(formatPath)
if err != nil {
return err
}
switch version {
case formatXLVersionV1:
if err = formatXLMigrateV1ToV2(export); err != nil {
return err
}
fallthrough
case formatXLVersionV2:
if err = formatXLMigrateV2ToV3(export); err != nil {
return err
}
fallthrough
case formatXLVersionV3:
// format-V3 is the latest verion.
return nil
}
return fmt.Errorf(`%s: unknown format version %s`, export, version)
}
// Migrates version V1 of format.json to version V2 of format.json,
// migration fails upon any error.
func formatXLMigrateV1ToV2(export string) error {
formatPath := pathJoin(export, minioMetaBucket, formatConfigFile)
version, err := formatXLGetVersion(formatPath)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if version != formatXLVersionV1 {
return fmt.Errorf(`Disk %s: format version expected %s, found %s`, export, formatXLVersionV1, version)
}
formatV1 := &formatXLV1{}
b, err := ioutil.ReadFile(formatPath)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if err = json.Unmarshal(b, formatV1); err != nil {
return err
}
formatV2 := &formatXLV2{}
formatV2.Version = formatMetaVersionV1
formatV2.Format = formatBackendXL
formatV2.XL.Version = formatXLVersionV2
formatV2.XL.DistributionAlgo = formatXLVersionV2DistributionAlgo
formatV2.XL.This = formatV1.XL.Disk
formatV2.XL.Sets = make([][]string, 1)
formatV2.XL.Sets[0] = make([]string, len(formatV1.XL.JBOD))
copy(formatV2.XL.Sets[0], formatV1.XL.JBOD)
b, err = json.Marshal(formatV2)
if err != nil {
return err
}
return ioutil.WriteFile(formatPath, b, 0644)
}
// Migrates V2 for format.json to V3 (Flat hierarchy for multipart)
func formatXLMigrateV2ToV3(export string) error {
formatPath := pathJoin(export, minioMetaBucket, formatConfigFile)
version, err := formatXLGetVersion(formatPath)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if version != formatXLVersionV2 {
return fmt.Errorf(`Disk %s: format version expected %s, found %s`, export, formatXLVersionV2, version)
}
formatV2 := &formatXLV2{}
b, err := ioutil.ReadFile(formatPath)
if err != nil {
return err
}
err = json.Unmarshal(b, formatV2)
if err != nil {
return err
}
if err = os.RemoveAll(pathJoin(export, minioMetaMultipartBucket)); err != nil {
return err
}
if err = os.MkdirAll(pathJoin(export, minioMetaMultipartBucket), 0755); err != nil {
return err
}
// format-V2 struct is exactly same as format-V1 except that version is "3"
// which indicates the simplified multipart backend.
formatV3 := formatXLV3{}
formatV3.Version = formatV2.Version
formatV3.Format = formatV2.Format
formatV3.XL = formatV2.XL
formatV3.XL.Version = formatXLVersionV3
b, err = json.Marshal(formatV3)
if err != nil {
return err
}
return ioutil.WriteFile(formatPath, b, 0644)
}
// Returns true, if one of the errors is non-nil.
func hasAnyErrors(errs []error) bool {
for _, err := range errs {
if err != nil {
return true
}
}
return false
}
// countErrs - count a specific error.
func countErrs(errs []error, err error) int {
var i = 0
for _, err1 := range errs {
if errors.Cause(err1) == err {
i++
}
}
return i
}
// Does all errors indicate we need to initialize all disks?.
func shouldInitXLDisks(errs []error) bool {
return countErrs(errs, errUnformattedDisk) == len(errs)
}
// loadFormatXLAll - load all format config from all input disks in parallel.
func loadFormatXLAll(endpoints EndpointList) ([]*formatXLV3, []error) {
// Initialize sync waitgroup.
var wg = &sync.WaitGroup{}
bootstrapDisks := make([]StorageAPI, len(endpoints))
for i, endpoint := range endpoints {
disk, err := newStorageAPI(endpoint)
if err != nil {
continue
}
bootstrapDisks[i] = disk
}
// Initialize list of errors.
var sErrs = make([]error, len(bootstrapDisks))
// Initialize format configs.
var formats = make([]*formatXLV3, len(bootstrapDisks))
// Load format from each disk in parallel
for index, disk := range bootstrapDisks {
if disk == nil {
sErrs[index] = errDiskNotFound
continue
}
wg.Add(1)
// Launch go-routine per disk.
go func(index int, disk StorageAPI) {
defer wg.Done()
format, lErr := loadFormatXL(disk)
if lErr != nil {
// close the internal connection, to avoid fd leaks.
disk.Close()
sErrs[index] = lErr
return
}
formats[index] = format
}(index, disk)
}
// Wait for all go-routines to finish.
wg.Wait()
// Return all formats and nil
return formats, sErrs
}
func undoSaveFormatXLAll(disks []StorageAPI) {
// Initialize sync waitgroup.
var wg = &sync.WaitGroup{}
// Undo previous save format.json entry from all underlying storage disks.
for index, disk := range disks {
if disk == nil {
continue
}
wg.Add(1)
// Delete a bucket inside a go-routine.
go func(index int, disk StorageAPI) {
defer wg.Done()
_ = disk.DeleteFile(minioMetaBucket, formatConfigFile)
}(index, disk)
}
// Wait for all make vol to finish.
wg.Wait()
}
func saveFormatXL(disk StorageAPI, format interface{}) error {
// Marshal and write to disk.
formatBytes, err := json.Marshal(format)
if err != nil {
return err
}
// Purge any existing temporary file, okay to ignore errors here.
disk.DeleteFile(minioMetaBucket, formatConfigFileTmp)
// Append file `format.json.tmp`.
if err = disk.AppendFile(minioMetaBucket, formatConfigFileTmp, formatBytes); err != nil {
return err
}
// Rename file `format.json.tmp` --> `format.json`.
return disk.RenameFile(minioMetaBucket, formatConfigFileTmp, minioMetaBucket, formatConfigFile)
}
// loadFormatXL - loads format.json from disk.
func loadFormatXL(disk StorageAPI) (format *formatXLV3, err error) {
buf, err := disk.ReadAll(minioMetaBucket, formatConfigFile)
if err != nil {
// 'file not found' and 'volume not found' as
// same. 'volume not found' usually means its a fresh disk.
if err == errFileNotFound || err == errVolumeNotFound {
var vols []VolInfo
vols, err = disk.ListVols()
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
if len(vols) > 1 || (len(vols) == 1 &&
vols[0].Name != minioMetaBucket &&
vols[0].Name != "lost+found") {
// 'format.json' not found, but we
// found user data.
return nil, errCorruptedFormat
}
// No other data found, its a fresh disk.
return nil, errUnformattedDisk
}
return nil, err
}
// Try to decode format json into formatConfigV1 struct.
format = &formatXLV3{}
if err = json.Unmarshal(buf, format); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
// Success.
return format, nil
}
// Valid formatXL basic versions.
func checkFormatXLValue(formatXL *formatXLV3) error {
// Validate format version and format type.
if formatXL.Version != formatMetaVersionV1 {
return fmt.Errorf("Unsupported version of backend format [%s] found", formatXL.Version)
}
if formatXL.Format != formatBackendXL {
return fmt.Errorf("Unsupported backend format [%s] found", formatXL.Format)
}
if formatXL.XL.Version != formatXLVersionV3 {
return fmt.Errorf("Unsupported XL backend format found [%s]", formatXL.XL.Version)
}
return nil
}
// Check all format values.
func checkFormatXLValues(formats []*formatXLV3) error {
for i, formatXL := range formats {
if formatXL == nil {
continue
}
if err := checkFormatXLValue(formatXL); err != nil {
return err
}
if len(formats) != len(formatXL.XL.Sets)*len(formatXL.XL.Sets[0]) {
return fmt.Errorf("%s disk is already being used in another erasure deployment. (Number of disks specified: %d but the number of disks found in the %s disk's format.json: %d)",
humanize.Ordinal(i+1), len(formats), humanize.Ordinal(i+1), len(formatXL.XL.Sets)*len(formatXL.XL.Sets[0]))
}
}
return nil
}
// Get backend XL format in quorum `format.json`.
func getFormatXLInQuorum(formats []*formatXLV3) (*formatXLV3, error) {
formatHashes := make([]string, len(formats))
for i, format := range formats {
if format == nil {
continue
}
h := sha256.New()
for _, set := range format.XL.Sets {
for _, diskID := range set {
h.Write([]byte(diskID))
}
}
formatHashes[i] = hex.EncodeToString(h.Sum(nil))
}
formatCountMap := make(map[string]int)
for _, hash := range formatHashes {
if hash == "" {
continue
}
formatCountMap[hash]++
}
maxHash := ""
maxCount := 0
for hash, count := range formatCountMap {
if count > maxCount {
maxCount = count
maxHash = hash
}
}
if maxCount < len(formats)/2 {
return nil, errXLReadQuorum
}
for i, hash := range formatHashes {
if hash == maxHash {
format := *formats[i]
format.XL.This = ""
return &format, nil
}
}
return nil, errXLReadQuorum
}
func formatXLV3Check(reference *formatXLV3, format *formatXLV3) error {
tmpFormat := *format
this := tmpFormat.XL.This
tmpFormat.XL.This = ""
if len(reference.XL.Sets) != len(format.XL.Sets) {
return fmt.Errorf("Expected number of sets %d, got %d", len(reference.XL.Sets), len(format.XL.Sets))
}
// Make sure that the sets match.
for i := range reference.XL.Sets {
if len(reference.XL.Sets[i]) != len(format.XL.Sets[i]) {
return fmt.Errorf("Each set should be of same size, expected %d got %d",
len(reference.XL.Sets[i]), len(format.XL.Sets[i]))
}
for j := range reference.XL.Sets[i] {
if reference.XL.Sets[i][j] != format.XL.Sets[i][j] {
return fmt.Errorf("UUID on positions %d:%d do not match with, expected %s got %s",
i, j, reference.XL.Sets[i][j], format.XL.Sets[i][j])
}
}
}
// Make sure that the diskID is found in the set.
for i := 0; i < len(tmpFormat.XL.Sets); i++ {
for j := 0; j < len(tmpFormat.XL.Sets[i]); j++ {
if this == tmpFormat.XL.Sets[i][j] {
return nil
}
}
}
return fmt.Errorf("Disk ID %s not found in any disk sets %s", this, format.XL.Sets)
}
// saveFormatXLAll - populates `format.json` on disks in its order.
func saveFormatXLAll(endpoints EndpointList, formats []*formatXLV3) error {
storageDisks, err := initStorageDisks(endpoints)
if err != nil {
return err
}
var errs = make([]error, len(storageDisks))
var wg = &sync.WaitGroup{}
// Write `format.json` to all disks.
for index, disk := range storageDisks {
if formats[index] == nil || disk == nil {
errs[index] = errDiskNotFound
continue
}
wg.Add(1)
go func(index int, disk StorageAPI, format *formatXLV3) {
defer wg.Done()
errs[index] = saveFormatXL(disk, format)
}(index, disk, formats[index])
}
// Wait for the routines to finish.
wg.Wait()
writeQuorum := len(endpoints)/2 + 1
err = reduceWriteQuorumErrs(errs, nil, writeQuorum)
if errors.Cause(err) == errXLWriteQuorum {
// Purge all successfully created `format.json`
// when we do not have enough quorum.
undoSaveFormatXLAll(storageDisks)
}
return err
}
// Initialize storage disks based on input arguments.
func initStorageDisks(endpoints EndpointList) ([]StorageAPI, error) {
// Bootstrap disks.
storageDisks := make([]StorageAPI, len(endpoints))
for index, endpoint := range endpoints {
// Intentionally ignore disk not found errors. XL is designed
// to handle these errors internally.
storage, err := newStorageAPI(endpoint)
if err != nil && err != errDiskNotFound {
return nil, err
}
storageDisks[index] = storage
}
return storageDisks, nil
}
// formatXLV3ThisEmpty - find out if '.This' field is empty
// in any of the input `formats`, if yes return true.
func formatXLV3ThisEmpty(formats []*formatXLV3) bool {
for _, format := range formats {
if format == nil {
continue
}
// NOTE: This code is specifically needed when migrating version
// V1 to V2 to V3, in a scenario such as this we only need to handle
// single sets since we never used to support multiple sets in releases
// with V1 format version.
if len(format.XL.Sets) > 1 {
continue
}
if format.XL.This == "" {
return true
}
}
return false
}
// fixFormatXLV3 - fix format XL configuration on all disks.
func fixFormatXLV3(endpoints EndpointList, formats []*formatXLV3) error {
storageDisks, err := initStorageDisks(endpoints)
if err != nil {
return err
}
for i, format := range formats {
if format == nil || !endpoints[i].IsLocal {
continue
}
// NOTE: This code is specifically needed when migrating version
// V1 to V2 to V3, in a scenario such as this we only need to handle
// single sets since we never used to support multiple sets in releases
// with V1 format version.
if len(format.XL.Sets) > 1 {
continue
}
if format.XL.This == "" {
formats[i].XL.This = format.XL.Sets[0][i]
if err = saveFormatXL(storageDisks[i], formats[i]); err != nil {
return err
}
}
}
return nil
}
// initFormatXL - save XL format configuration on all disks.
func initFormatXL(endpoints EndpointList, setCount, disksPerSet int) (format *formatXLV3, err error) {
format = newFormatXLV3(setCount, disksPerSet)
formats := make([]*formatXLV3, len(endpoints))
for i := 0; i < setCount; i++ {
for j := 0; j < disksPerSet; j++ {
newFormat := *format
newFormat.XL.This = format.XL.Sets[i][j]
formats[i*disksPerSet+j] = &newFormat
}
}
// Initialize meta volume, if volume already exists ignores it.
if err = initFormatXLMetaVolume(endpoints, formats); err != nil {
return format, fmt.Errorf("Unable to initialize '.minio.sys' meta volume, %s", err)
}
// Save formats `format.json` across all disks.
if err = saveFormatXLAll(endpoints, formats); err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return format, nil
}
// Make XL backend meta volumes.
func makeFormatXLMetaVolumes(disk StorageAPI) error {
// Attempt to create `.minio.sys`.
if err := disk.MakeVol(minioMetaBucket); err != nil {
if !errors.IsErrIgnored(err, initMetaVolIgnoredErrs...) {
return err
}
}
if err := disk.MakeVol(minioMetaTmpBucket); err != nil {
if !errors.IsErrIgnored(err, initMetaVolIgnoredErrs...) {
return err
}
}
if err := disk.MakeVol(minioMetaMultipartBucket); err != nil {
if !errors.IsErrIgnored(err, initMetaVolIgnoredErrs...) {
return err
}
}
return nil
}
var initMetaVolIgnoredErrs = append(baseIgnoredErrs, errVolumeExists)
// Initializes meta volume on all input storage disks.
func initFormatXLMetaVolume(endpoints EndpointList, formats []*formatXLV3) error {
storageDisks, err := initStorageDisks(endpoints)
if err != nil {
return err
}
// This happens for the first time, but keep this here since this
// is the only place where it can be made expensive optimizing all
// other calls. Create minio meta volume, if it doesn't exist yet.
var wg = &sync.WaitGroup{}
// Initialize errs to collect errors inside go-routine.
var errs = make([]error, len(storageDisks))
// Initialize all disks in parallel.
for index, disk := range storageDisks {
if formats[index] == nil || disk == nil {
// Ignore create meta volume on disks which are not found.
continue
}
wg.Add(1)
go func(index int, disk StorageAPI) {
// Indicate this wait group is done.
defer wg.Done()
errs[index] = makeFormatXLMetaVolumes(disk)
}(index, disk)
}
// Wait for all cleanup to finish.
wg.Wait()
// Return upon first error.
for _, err := range errs {
if err == nil {
continue
}
return toObjectErr(err, minioMetaBucket)
}
// Return success here.
return nil
}
// Get all UUIDs which are present in reference format should
// be present in the list of formats provided, those are considered
// as online UUIDs.
func getOnlineUUIDs(refFormat *formatXLV3, formats []*formatXLV3) (onlineUUIDs []string) {
for _, format := range formats {
if format == nil {
continue
}
for _, set := range refFormat.XL.Sets {
for _, uuid := range set {
if format.XL.This == uuid {
uuid)
}
}
}
}
return onlineUUIDs
}
// Look for all UUIDs which are not present in reference format
// but are present in the onlineUUIDs list, construct of list such
// offline UUIDs.
func getOfflineUUIDs(refFormat *formatXLV3, formats []*formatXLV3) (offlineUUIDs []string) {
onlineUUIDs := getOnlineUUIDs(refFormat, formats)
for i, set := range refFormat.XL.Sets {
for j, uuid := range set {
var found bool
for _, onlineUUID := range onlineUUIDs {
if refFormat.XL.Sets[i][j] == onlineUUID {
found = true
}
}
if !found {
offlineUUIDs = append(offlineUUIDs, uuid)
}
}
}
return offlineUUIDs
}
// Mark all UUIDs that are offline.
func markUUIDsOffline(refFormat *formatXLV3, formats []*formatXLV3) {
offlineUUIDs := getOfflineUUIDs(refFormat, formats)
for i, set := range refFormat.XL.Sets {
for j := range set {
for _, offlineUUID := range offlineUUIDs {
if refFormat.XL.Sets[i][j] == offlineUUID {
refFormat.XL.Sets[i][j] = offlineDiskUUID
}
}
}
}
}
// Initialize a new set of set formats which will be written to all disks.
func newHealFormatSets(refFormat *formatXLV3, setCount, disksPerSet int, formats []*formatXLV3, errs []error) [][]*formatXLV3 {
newFormats := make([][]*formatXLV3, setCount)
for i := range refFormat.XL.Sets {
newFormats[i] = make([]*formatXLV3, disksPerSet)
}
for i := range refFormat.XL.Sets {
for j := range refFormat.XL.Sets[i] {
if errs[i*disksPerSet+j] == errUnformattedDisk || errs[i*disksPerSet+j] == nil {
newFormats[i][j] = &formatXLV3{}
newFormats[i][j].Version = refFormat.Version
newFormats[i][j].Format = refFormat.Format
newFormats[i][j].XL.Version = refFormat.XL.Version
newFormats[i][j].XL.DistributionAlgo = refFormat.XL.DistributionAlgo
}
if errs[i*disksPerSet+j] == errUnformattedDisk {
newFormats[i][j].XL.This = ""
newFormats[i][j].XL.Sets = nil
continue
}
if errs[i*disksPerSet+j] == nil {
newFormats[i][j].XL.This = formats[i*disksPerSet+j].XL.This
newFormats[i][j].XL.Sets = nil
}
}
}
return newFormats
}