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#!/usr/bin/env python
"""
Mininet runner
author: Brandon Heller (brandonh@stanford.edu)
To see options:
sudo mn -h
Example to pull custom params (topo, switch, etc.) from a file:
sudo mn --custom ~/mininet/custom/custom_example.py
"""
import os
import sys
import time
from functools import partial
from optparse import OptionParser # pylint: disable=deprecated-module
from sys import exit # pylint: disable=redefined-builtin
# Fix setuptools' evil madness, and open up (more?) security holes
if 'PYTHONPATH' in os.environ:
sys.path = os.environ[ 'PYTHONPATH' ].split( ':' ) + sys.path
# pylint: disable=wrong-import-position
from mininet.clean import cleanup
import mininet.cli
from mininet.log import lg, LEVELS, info, debug, warn, error, output
from mininet.net import Mininet, MininetWithControlNet, VERSION
from mininet.node import ( Host, CPULimitedHost, Controller, OVSController,
Ryu, NOX, RemoteController, findController,
DefaultController, NullController,
UserSwitch, OVSSwitch, OVSBridge,
IVSSwitch )
from mininet.nodelib import LinuxBridge
from mininet.link import Link, TCLink, TCULink, OVSLink
from mininet.topo import ( SingleSwitchTopo, LinearTopo,
SingleSwitchReversedTopo, MinimalTopo )
from mininet.topolib import TreeTopo, TorusTopo
from mininet.util import customClass, specialClass, splitArgs, buildTopo
# Experimental! cluster edition prototype
from mininet.examples.cluster import ( MininetCluster, RemoteHost,
RemoteOVSSwitch, RemoteLink,
SwitchBinPlacer, RandomPlacer,
ClusterCleanup )
from mininet.examples.clustercli import ClusterCLI
PLACEMENT = { 'block': SwitchBinPlacer, 'random': RandomPlacer }
# built in topologies, created only when run
TOPODEF = 'minimal'
TOPOS = { 'minimal': MinimalTopo,
'linear': LinearTopo,
'reversed': SingleSwitchReversedTopo,
'single': SingleSwitchTopo,
'tree': TreeTopo,
'torus': TorusTopo }
SWITCHDEF = 'default'
SWITCHES = { 'user': UserSwitch,
'ovs': OVSSwitch,
'ovsbr' : OVSBridge,
# Keep ovsk for compatibility with 2.0
'ovsk': OVSSwitch,
'ivs': IVSSwitch,
'lxbr': LinuxBridge,
'default': OVSSwitch }
HOSTDEF = 'proc'
HOSTS = { 'proc': Host,
'rt': specialClass( CPULimitedHost, defaults=dict( sched='rt' ) ),
'cfs': specialClass( CPULimitedHost, defaults=dict( sched='cfs' ) ) }
CONTROLLERDEF = 'default'
CONTROLLERS = { 'ref': Controller,
'ovsc': OVSController,
'nox': NOX,
'remote': RemoteController,
'ryu': Ryu,
'default': DefaultController, # Note: overridden below
'none': NullController }
LINKDEF = 'default'
LINKS = { 'default': Link, # Note: overridden below
'tc': TCLink,
'tcu': TCULink,
'ovs': OVSLink }
# TESTS dict can contain functions and/or Mininet() method names
# XXX: it would be nice if we could specify a default test, but
# this may be tricky
TESTS = { name: True
for name in ( 'pingall', 'pingpair', 'iperf', 'iperfudp' ) }
CLI = None # Set below if needed
# Locally defined tests
def allTest( net ):
"Run ping and iperf tests"
net.start()
net.ping()
net.iperf()
def nullTest( _net ):
"Null 'test' (does nothing)"
pass
TESTS.update( all=allTest, none=nullTest, build=nullTest )
# Map to alternate spellings of Mininet() methods
ALTSPELLING = { 'pingall': 'pingAll', 'pingpair': 'pingPair',
'iperfudp': 'iperfUdp' }
def runTests( mn, options ):
"""Run tests
mn: Mininet object
option: list of test optinos """
# Split option into test name and parameters
for option in options:
# Multiple tests may be separated by '+' for now
for test in option.split( '+' ):
test, args, kwargs = splitArgs( test )
test = ALTSPELLING.get( test.lower(), test )
testfn = TESTS.get( test, test )
if callable( testfn ):
testfn( mn, *args, **kwargs )
elif hasattr( mn, test ):
getattr( mn, test )( *args, **kwargs )
else:
raise Exception( 'Test %s is unknown - please specify one of '
'%s ' % ( test, TESTS.keys() ) )
def addDictOption( opts, choicesDict, default, name, **kwargs ):
"""Convenience function to add choices dicts to OptionParser.
opts: OptionParser instance
choicesDict: dictionary of valid choices, must include default
default: default choice key
name: long option name
kwargs: additional arguments to add_option"""
helpStr = ( '|'.join( sorted( choicesDict.keys() ) ) +
'[,param=value...]' )
helpList = [ '%s=%s' % ( k, v.__name__ )
for k, v in choicesDict.items() ]
helpStr += ' ' + ( ' '.join( helpList ) )
params = dict( type='string', default=default, help=helpStr )
params.update( **kwargs )
opts.add_option( '--' + name, **params )
def version( *_args ):
"Print Mininet version and exit"
output( "%s\n" % VERSION )
exit()
class MininetRunner( object ):
"Build, setup, and run Mininet."
def __init__( self ):
"Init."
self.options = None
self.args = None # May be used someday for more CLI scripts
self.validate = None
self.parseArgs()
self.setup()
self.begin()
def custom( self, _option, _opt_str, value, _parser ):
"""Parse custom file and add params.
option: option e.g. --custom
opt_str: option string e.g. --custom
value: the value the follows the option
parser: option parser instance"""
files = []
if os.path.isfile( value ):
# Accept any single file (including those with commas)
files.append( value )
else:
# Accept a comma-separated list of filenames
files += value.split(',')
for fileName in files:
customs = {}
if os.path.isfile( fileName ):
# pylint: disable=exec-used
with open( fileName ) as f:
exec( compile( f.read(), fileName, 'exec' ),
customs, customs )
for name, val in customs.items():
self.setCustom( name, val )
else:
raise Exception( 'could not find custom file: %s' % fileName )
def setCustom( self, name, value ):
"Set custom parameters for MininetRunner."
if name in ( 'topos', 'switches', 'hosts', 'controllers', 'links'
'testnames', 'tests' ):
# Update dictionaries
param = name.upper()
globals()[ param ].update( value )
elif name == 'validate':
# Add custom validate function
self.validate = value
else:
# Add or modify global variable or class
globals()[ name ] = value
def setNat( self, _option, opt_str, value, parser ):
"Set NAT option(s)"
assert self # satisfy pylint
parser.values.nat = True
# first arg, first char != '-'
if parser.rargs and parser.rargs[ 0 ][ 0 ] != '-':
value = parser.rargs.pop( 0 )
_, args, kwargs = splitArgs( opt_str + ',' + value )
parser.values.nat_args = args
parser.values.nat_kwargs = kwargs
else:
parser.values.nat_args = []
parser.values.nat_kwargs = {}
def parseArgs( self ):
"""Parse command-line args and return options object.
returns: opts parse options dict"""
desc = ( "The %prog utility creates Mininet network from the\n"
"command line. It can create parametrized topologies,\n"
"invoke the Mininet CLI, and run tests." )
usage = ( '%prog [options]\n'
'(type %prog -h for details)' )
opts = OptionParser( description=desc, usage=usage )
addDictOption( opts, SWITCHES, SWITCHDEF, 'switch' )
addDictOption( opts, HOSTS, HOSTDEF, 'host' )
addDictOption( opts, CONTROLLERS, [], 'controller', action='append' )
addDictOption( opts, LINKS, LINKDEF, 'link' )
addDictOption( opts, TOPOS, TOPODEF, 'topo' )
opts.add_option( '--clean', '-c', action='store_true',
default=False, help='clean and exit' )
opts.add_option( '--custom', action='callback',
callback=self.custom,
type='string',
help='read custom classes or params from .py file(s)'
)
opts.add_option( '--test', default=[], action='append',
dest='test', help='|'.join( TESTS.keys() ) )
opts.add_option( '--xterms', '-x', action='store_true',
default=False, help='spawn xterms for each node' )
opts.add_option( '--ipbase', '-i', type='string', default='10.0.0.0/8',
help='base IP address for hosts' )
opts.add_option( '--mac', action='store_true',
default=False, help='automatically set host MACs' )
opts.add_option( '--arp', action='store_true',
default=False, help='set all-pairs ARP entries' )
opts.add_option( '--verbosity', '-v', type='choice',
choices=list( LEVELS.keys() ), default = 'info',
help = '|'.join( LEVELS.keys() ) )
opts.add_option( '--innamespace', action='store_true',
default=False, help='sw and ctrl in namespace?' )
opts.add_option( '--listenport', type='int', default=6654,
help='base port for passive switch listening' )
opts.add_option( '--nolistenport', action='store_true',
default=False, help="don't use passive listening " +
"port")
opts.add_option( '--pre', type='string', default=None,
help='CLI script to run before tests' )
opts.add_option( '--post', type='string', default=None,
help='CLI script to run after tests' )
opts.add_option( '--pin', action='store_true',
default=False, help="pin hosts to CPU cores "
"(requires --host cfs or --host rt)" )
opts.add_option( '--nat', action='callback', callback=self.setNat,
help="[option=val...] adds a NAT to the topology that"
" connects Mininet hosts to the physical network."
" Warning: This may route any traffic on the machine"
" that uses Mininet's"
" IP subnet into the Mininet network."
" If you need to change"
" Mininet's IP subnet, see the --ipbase option." )
opts.add_option( '--version', action='callback', callback=version,
help='prints the version and exits' )
opts.add_option( '--wait', '-w', action='store_true',
default=False, help='wait for switches to connect' )
opts.add_option( '--twait', '-t', action='store', type='int',
dest='wait',
help='timed wait (s) for switches to connect' )
opts.add_option( '--cluster', type='string', default=None,
metavar='server1,server2...',
help=( 'run on multiple servers (experimental!)' ) )
opts.add_option( '--placement', type='choice',
choices=list( PLACEMENT.keys() ), default='block',
metavar='block|random',
help=( 'node placement for --cluster '
'(experimental!) ' ) )
self.options, self.args = opts.parse_args()
# We don't accept extra arguments after the options
if self.args:
opts.print_help()
exit()
def setup( self ):
"Setup and validate environment."
# set logging verbosity
if LEVELS[self.options.verbosity] > LEVELS['output']:
warn( '*** WARNING: selected verbosity level (%s) will hide CLI '
'output!\n'
'Please restart Mininet with -v [debug, info, output].\n'
% self.options.verbosity )
lg.setLogLevel( self.options.verbosity )
# Maybe we'll reorganize this someday...
# pylint: disable=too-many-branches,too-many-statements,global-statement
def begin( self ):
"Create and run mininet."
global CLI
opts = self.options
if opts.cluster:
servers = opts.cluster.split( ',' )
for server in servers:
ClusterCleanup.add( server )
if opts.clean:
cleanup()
exit()
start = time.time()
if not opts.controller:
# Update default based on available controllers
CONTROLLERS[ 'default' ] = findController()
opts.controller = [ 'default' ]
if not CONTROLLERS[ 'default' ]:
opts.controller = [ 'none' ]
if opts.switch == 'default':
info( '*** No default OpenFlow controller found '
'for default switch!\n' )
info( '*** Falling back to OVS Bridge\n' )
opts.switch = 'ovsbr'
elif opts.switch not in ( 'ovsbr', 'lxbr' ):
raise Exception( "Could not find a default controller "
"for switch %s" %
opts.switch )
topo = buildTopo( TOPOS, opts.topo )
switch = customClass( SWITCHES, opts.switch )
host = customClass( HOSTS, opts.host )
controller = [ customClass( CONTROLLERS, c )
for c in opts.controller ]
if opts.switch == 'user' and opts.link == 'default':
debug( '*** Using TCULink with UserSwitch\n' )
# Use link configured correctly for UserSwitch
opts.link = 'tcu'
link = customClass( LINKS, opts.link )
if self.validate:
self.validate( opts )
if opts.nolistenport:
opts.listenport = None
# Handle innamespace, cluster options
if opts.innamespace and opts.cluster:
error( "Please specify --innamespace OR --cluster\n" )
exit()
Net = MininetWithControlNet if opts.innamespace else Mininet
if opts.cluster:
warn( '*** WARNING: Experimental cluster mode!\n'
'*** Using RemoteHost, RemoteOVSSwitch, RemoteLink\n' )
host, switch, link = RemoteHost, RemoteOVSSwitch, RemoteLink
Net = partial( MininetCluster, servers=servers,
placement=PLACEMENT[ opts.placement ] )
mininet.cli.CLI = ClusterCLI
# Wait for controllers to connect unless we're running null test
if ( opts.test and opts.test != [ 'none' ] and
isinstance( opts.wait, bool ) ):
opts.wait = True
mn = Net( topo=topo,
switch=switch, host=host, controller=controller, link=link,
ipBase=opts.ipbase, inNamespace=opts.innamespace,
xterms=opts.xterms, autoSetMacs=opts.mac,
autoStaticArp=opts.arp, autoPinCpus=opts.pin,
waitConnected=opts.wait,
listenPort=opts.listenport )
if opts.ensure_value( 'nat', False ):
with open( '/etc/resolv.conf' ) as f:
if 'nameserver 127.' in f.read():
warn( '*** Warning: loopback address in /etc/resolv.conf '
'may break host DNS over NAT\n')
mn.addNAT( *opts.nat_args, **opts.nat_kwargs ).configDefault()
# --custom files can set CLI or change mininet.cli.CLI
CLI = mininet.cli.CLI if CLI is None else CLI
if opts.pre:
CLI( mn, script=opts.pre )
mn.start()
if opts.test:
runTests( mn, opts.test )
else:
CLI( mn )
if opts.post:
CLI( mn, script=opts.post )
mn.stop()
elapsed = float( time.time() - start )
info( 'completed in %0.3f seconds\n' % elapsed )
if __name__ == "__main__":
try:
MininetRunner()
except KeyboardInterrupt:
info( "\n\nKeyboard Interrupt. Shutting down and cleaning up...\n\n")
cleanup()
except Exception: # pylint: disable=broad-except
# Print exception
type_, val_, trace_ = sys.exc_info()
errorMsg = ( "-"*80 + "\n" +
"Caught exception. Cleaning up...\n\n" +
"%s: %s\n" % ( type_.__name__, val_ ) +
"-"*80 + "\n" )
error( errorMsg )
# Print stack trace to debug log
import traceback
stackTrace = traceback.format_exc()
debug( stackTrace + "\n" )
cleanup()