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# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# MinIO Python Library for Amazon S3 Compatible Cloud Storage, (C)
# 2015, 2016, 2017 MinIO, Inc.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
"""
minio.helpers
This module implements all helper functions.
:copyright: (c) 2015, 2016, 2017 by MinIO, Inc.
:license: Apache 2.0, see LICENSE for more details.
"""
from __future__ import absolute_import
# if math.ceil returns an integer and devide two integers returns a float, calculate
# part size will cause errors, so make sure division integers returns a float.
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import unicode_literals
# future_str is unicode or str in both Python 2 and 3
from builtins import str as future_str
import io
import collections
import base64
import hashlib
import re
import os
import errno
import math
from .compat import (urlsplit, urlencode, queryencode,
str, bytes, basestring, _is_py3, _is_py2)
from .error import (InvalidBucketError, InvalidEndpointError,
InvalidArgumentError)
# Constants
MAX_MULTIPART_COUNT = 10000 # 10000 parts
MAX_MULTIPART_OBJECT_SIZE = 5 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024 # 5TiB
MAX_PART_SIZE = 5 * 1024 * 1024 * 1024 # 5GiB
MAX_POOL_SIZE = 10
MIN_PART_SIZE = 5 * 1024 * 1024 # 5MiB
DEFAULT_PART_SIZE = MIN_PART_SIZE # Currently its 5MiB
_VALID_BUCKETNAME_REGEX = re.compile(
'^[A-Za-z0-9][A-Za-z0-9\\.\\-\\_\\:]{1,61}[A-Za-z0-9]$')
_VALID_BUCKETNAME_STRICT_REGEX = re.compile(
'^[a-z0-9][a-z0-9\\.\\-]{1,61}[a-z0-9]$')
_VALID_IP_ADDRESS = re.compile(
'^(\d+\.){3}\d+$')
_ALLOWED_HOSTNAME_REGEX = re.compile(
'^((?!-)(?!_)[A-Z_\\d-]{1,63}(?<!-)(?<!_)\\.)*((?!_)(?!-)' +
'[A-Z_\\d-]{1,63}(?<!-)(?<!_))$',
re.IGNORECASE)
_EXTRACT_REGION_REGEX = re.compile('s3[.-]?(.+?).amazonaws.com')
def get_s3_region_from_endpoint(endpoint):
"""
Extracts and returns an AWS S3 region from an endpoint
of form `s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com`
:param endpoint: Endpoint region to be extracted.
"""
# Extract region by regex search.
m = _EXTRACT_REGION_REGEX.search(endpoint)
if m:
# Regex matches, we have found a region.
region = m.group(1)
if region == 'external-1':
# Handle special scenario for us-east-1 URL.
return 'us-east-1'
if region.startswith('dualstack'):
# Handle special scenario for dualstack URL.
return region.split('.')[1]
return region
# No regex matches return None.
return None
def dump_http(method, url, request_headers, response, output_stream):
"""
Dump all headers and response headers into output_stream.
:param request_headers: Dictionary of HTTP request headers.
:param response_headers: Dictionary of HTTP response headers.
:param output_stream: Stream where the request is being dumped at.
"""
# Start header.
output_stream.write('---------START-HTTP---------\n')
# Get parsed url.
parsed_url = urlsplit(url)
# Dump all request headers recursively.
http_path = parsed_url.path
if parsed_url.query:
http_path = http_path + '?' + parsed_url.query
output_stream.write('{0} {1} HTTP/1.1\n'.format(method,
http_path))
for k, v in list(request_headers.items()):
if k == 'authorization':
# Redact signature header value from trace logs.
v = re.sub(r'Signature=([[0-9a-f]+)', 'Signature=*REDACTED*', v)
output_stream.write('{0}: {1}\n'.format(k.title(), v))
# Write a new line.
output_stream.write('\n')
# Write response status code.
output_stream.write('HTTP/1.1 {0}\n'.format(response.status))
# Dump all response headers recursively.
for k, v in list(response.getheaders().items()):
output_stream.write('{0}: {1}\n'.format(k.title(), v))
# For all errors write all the available response body.
if response.status != 200 and \
response.status != 204 and response.status != 206:
output_stream.write('{0}'.format(response.read()))
# End header.
output_stream.write('---------END-HTTP---------\n')
def mkdir_p(path):
"""
Recursively creates parent and sub directories.
:param path:
"""
try:
os.makedirs(path)
except OSError as exc: # Python >2.5
if exc.errno == errno.EEXIST and os.path.isdir(path):
pass
else:
raise
class PartMetadata(object):
"""
Parts manager split parts metadata :class:`PartMetadata <PartMetadata>`.
:param data: Part writer object backed by temporary file.
:param md5_hex: MD5 hash in hex format.
:param sha256_hex: Sha256 hash in hex format.
:param size: Size of the part.
"""
def __init__(self, data, md5_hex, sha256_hex, size):
self.data = data
self.md5_hex = md5_hex
self.sha256_hex = sha256_hex
self.size = size
def read_full(data, size):
"""
read_full reads exactly `size` bytes from reader. returns
`size` bytes.
:param data: Input stream to read from.
:param size: Number of bytes to read from `data`.
:return: Returns :bytes:`part_data`
"""
default_read_size = 32768 # 32KiB per read operation.
chunk = io.BytesIO()
chunk_size = 0
while chunk_size < size:
read_size = default_read_size
if (size - chunk_size) < default_read_size:
read_size = size - chunk_size
current_data = data.read(read_size)
if not current_data or len(current_data) == 0:
break
chunk.write(current_data)
chunk_size+= len(current_data)
return chunk.getvalue()
AWS_S3_ENDPOINT_MAP = {
'us-east-1': 's3.amazonaws.com',
'us-east-2': 's3-us-east-2.amazonaws.com',
'us-west-2': 's3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com',
'us-west-1': 's3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com',
'ca-central-1': 's3.ca-central-1.amazonaws.com',
'eu-west-1': 's3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com',
'eu-west-2': 's3-eu-west-2.amazonaws.com',
'sa-east-1': 's3-sa-east-1.amazonaws.com',
'eu-central-1': 's3-eu-central-1.amazonaws.com',
'ap-south-1': 's3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com',
'ap-southeast-1': 's3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com',
'ap-southeast-2': 's3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com',
'ap-northeast-1': 's3-ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com',
'ap-northeast-2': 's3-ap-northeast-2.amazonaws.com',
'cn-north-1': 's3.cn-north-1.amazonaws.com.cn'
}
def get_s3_endpoint(region):
return AWS_S3_ENDPOINT_MAP.get(region, 's3.amazonaws.com')
def get_target_url(endpoint_url, bucket_name=None, object_name=None,
bucket_region='us-east-1', query=None):
"""
Construct final target url.
:param endpoint_url: Target endpoint url where request is served to.
:param bucket_name: Bucket component for the target url.
:param object_name: Object component for the target url.
:param bucket_region: Bucket region for the target url.
:param query: Query parameters as a *dict* for the target url.
:return: Returns final target url as *str*.
"""
# New url
url = None
# Parse url
parsed_url = urlsplit(endpoint_url)
# Get new host, scheme.
scheme = parsed_url.scheme
host = parsed_url.netloc
# Strip 80/443 ports since curl & browsers do not
# send them in Host header.
if (scheme == 'http' and parsed_url.port == 80) or\
(scheme == 'https' and parsed_url.port == 443):
host = parsed_url.hostname
if 's3.amazonaws.com' in host:
host = get_s3_endpoint(bucket_region)
url = scheme + '://' + host
if bucket_name:
# Save if target url will have buckets which suppport
# virtual host.
is_virtual_host_style = is_virtual_host(endpoint_url,
bucket_name)
if is_virtual_host_style:
url = (scheme + '://' + bucket_name + '.' + host)
else:
url = (scheme + '://' + host + '/' + bucket_name)
url_components = [url]
url_components.append('/')
if object_name:
object_name = encode_object_name(object_name)
url_components.append(object_name)
if query:
ordered_query = collections.OrderedDict(sorted(query.items()))
query_components = []
for component_key in ordered_query:
if isinstance(ordered_query[component_key], list):
for value in ordered_query[component_key]:
query_components.append(component_key+'='+
queryencode(value))
else:
query_components.append(
component_key+'='+
queryencode(ordered_query.get(component_key, '')))
query_string = '&'.join(query_components)
if query_string:
url_components.append('?')
url_components.append(query_string)
return ''.join(url_components)
def is_valid_endpoint(endpoint):
"""
Verify if endpoint is valid.
:type endpoint: string
:param endpoint: An endpoint. Must have at least a scheme and a hostname.
:return: True if the endpoint is valid. Raise :exc:`InvalidEndpointError`
otherwise.
"""
try:
if not '//' in endpoint:
# Having '//' in the beginning of the endpoint enforce
# urlsplit to consider the endpoint as a netloc according
# to this quote in docs.python.org/3/library/urllib.parse.html:
# Following the syntax specifications in RFC 1808, urlparse
# recognizes a netloc only if it is properly introduced by ‘//’.
# Otherwise the input is presumed to be a relative URL and thus
# to start with a path component.
endpoint = '//' + endpoint
u = urlsplit(endpoint)
if u.scheme:
raise InvalidEndpointError('Hostname cannot have a scheme.')
hostname = u.hostname
if hostname is None:
raise InvalidEndpointError('Hostname cannot be empty.')
if len(hostname) > 255:
raise InvalidEndpointError('Hostname cannot be greater than 255.')
if hostname[-1] == '.':
hostname = hostname[:-1]
if not _ALLOWED_HOSTNAME_REGEX.match(hostname):
raise InvalidEndpointError('Hostname does not meet URL standards.')
except AttributeError as error:
raise TypeError(error)
return True
def is_virtual_host(endpoint_url, bucket_name):
"""
Check to see if the ``bucket_name`` can be part of virtual host
style.
:param endpoint_url: Endpoint url which will be used for virtual host.
:param bucket_name: Bucket name to be validated against.
"""
is_valid_bucket_name(bucket_name, False)
parsed_url = urlsplit(endpoint_url)
# bucket_name can be valid but '.' in the hostname will fail
# SSL certificate validation. So do not use host-style for
# such buckets.
if 'https' in parsed_url.scheme and '.' in bucket_name:
return False
for host in [
's3-accelerate.amazonaws.com', 's3.amazonaws.com', 'aliyuncs.com'
]:
if host in parsed_url.netloc:
return True
return False
def is_valid_bucket_name(bucket_name, strict):
"""
Check to see if the ``bucket_name`` complies with the
restricted DNS naming conventions necessary to allow
access via virtual-hosting style.
:param bucket_name: Bucket name in *str*.
:return: True if the bucket is valid. Raise :exc:`InvalidBucketError`
otherwise.
"""
# Verify bucket name is not empty
bucket_name = str(bucket_name).strip()
if bucket_name == '':
raise InvalidBucketError('Bucket name cannot be empty.')
# Verify bucket name length.
if len(bucket_name) < 3:
raise InvalidBucketError('Bucket name cannot be less than'
' 3 characters.')
if len(bucket_name) > 63:
raise InvalidBucketError('Bucket name cannot be greater than'
' 63 characters.')
match = _VALID_IP_ADDRESS.match(bucket_name)
if match:
raise InvalidBucketError('Bucket name cannot be an ip address')
unallowed_successive_chars = ['..', '.-', '-.']
if any(x in bucket_name for x in unallowed_successive_chars):
raise InvalidBucketError('Bucket name contains invalid '
'successive chars ' + str(unallowed_successive_chars) + '.')
if strict:
match = _VALID_BUCKETNAME_STRICT_REGEX.match(bucket_name)
if match is None or match.end() != len(bucket_name):
raise InvalidBucketError('Bucket name contains invalid '
'characters (strictly enforced).')
match = _VALID_BUCKETNAME_REGEX.match(bucket_name)
if match is None or match.end() != len(bucket_name):
raise InvalidBucketError('Bucket name does not follow S3 standards.'
' Bucket: {0}'.format(bucket_name))
return True
def is_non_empty_string(input_string):
"""
Validate if non empty string
:param input_string: Input is a *str*.
:return: True if input is string and non empty.
Raise :exc:`Exception` otherwise.
"""
try:
if not input_string.strip():
raise ValueError()
except AttributeError as error:
raise TypeError(error)
return True
def is_valid_policy_type(policy):
"""
Validate if policy is type str
:param policy: S3 style Bucket policy.
:return: True if policy parameter is of a valid type, 'string'.
Raise :exc:`TypeError` otherwise.
"""
if _is_py3:
string_type = str,
elif _is_py2:
string_type = basestring
if not isinstance(policy, string_type):
raise TypeError('policy can only be of type str')
is_non_empty_string(policy)
return True
def is_valid_bucket_notification_config(notifications):
"""
Validate the notifications config structure
:param notifications: Dictionary with specific structure.
:return: True if input is a valid bucket notifications structure.
Raise :exc:`InvalidArgumentError` otherwise.
"""
# check if notifications is a dict.
if not isinstance(notifications, dict):
raise TypeError('notifications configuration must be a dictionary')
if len(notifications) == 0:
raise InvalidArgumentError(
'notifications configuration may not be empty'
)
VALID_NOTIFICATION_KEYS = set([
"TopicConfigurations",
"QueueConfigurations",
"CloudFunctionConfigurations",
])
VALID_SERVICE_CONFIG_KEYS = set([
'Id',
'Arn',
'Events',
'Filter',
])
NOTIFICATION_EVENTS = set([
's3:ObjectAccessed:*',
's3:ObjectAccessed:Get',
's3:ObjectAccessed:Head',
's3:ReducedRedundancyLostObject',
's3:ObjectCreated:*',
's3:ObjectCreated:Put',
's3:ObjectCreated:Post',
's3:ObjectCreated:Copy',
's3:ObjectCreated:CompleteMultipartUpload',
's3:ObjectRemoved:*',
's3:ObjectRemoved:Delete',
's3:ObjectRemoved:DeleteMarkerCreated',
])
for key, value in notifications.items():
# check if key names are valid
if key not in VALID_NOTIFICATION_KEYS:
raise InvalidArgumentError((
'{} is an invalid key '
'for notifications configuration').format(key))
# check if config values conform
# first check if value is a list
if not isinstance(value, list):
raise InvalidArgumentError((
'The value for key "{}" in the notifications '
'configuration must be a list.').format(key))
for service_config in value:
# check type matches
if not isinstance(service_config, dict):
raise InvalidArgumentError((
'Each service configuration item for "{}" must be a '
'dictionary').format(key))
# check keys are valid
for skey in service_config.keys():
if skey not in VALID_SERVICE_CONFIG_KEYS:
raise InvalidArgumentError((
'{} is an invalid key for a service '
'configuration item').format(skey))
# check for required keys
arn = service_config.get('Arn', '')
if arn == '':
raise InvalidArgumentError(
'Arn key in service config must be present and has to be '
'non-empty string'
)
events = service_config.get('Events', [])
if len(events) < 1:
raise InvalidArgumentError(
'At least one event must be specified in a service config'
)
raise InvalidArgumentError('"Events" must be a list of strings '
'in a service configuration')
# check if 'Id' key is present, it should be string or bytes.
if not isinstance(service_config.get('Id', ''), basestring):
raise InvalidArgumentError('"Id" key must be a string')
for event in events:
if event not in NOTIFICATION_EVENTS:
raise InvalidArgumentError(
'{} is not a valid event. Valid '
'events are: {}'.format(event, NOTIFICATION_EVENTS))
if 'Filter' in service_config:
exception_msg = (
'{} - If a Filter key is given, it must be a '
'dictionary, the dictionary must have the '
'key "Key", and its value must be an object, with '
'a key named "FilterRules" which must be a non-empty list.'
).format(
service_config['Filter']
)
try:
filter_rules = service_config.get('Filter', {}).get(
'Key', {}).get('FilterRules', [])
if not isinstance(filter_rules, list):
raise InvalidArgumentError(exception_msg)
if len(filter_rules) < 1:
raise InvalidArgumentError(exception_msg)
except AttributeError:
raise InvalidArgumentError(exception_msg)
for filter_rule in filter_rules:
try:
name = filter_rule['Name']
value = filter_rule['Value']
except KeyError:
raise InvalidArgumentError((
'{} - a FilterRule dictionary must have "Name" '
'and "Value" keys').format(filter_rule))
if name not in ['prefix', 'suffix']:
raise InvalidArgumentError((
'{} - The "Name" key in a filter rule must be '
'either "prefix" or "suffix"').format(name))
return True
def is_valid_sse_c_object(sse=None):
"""
Validate the SSE object and type
:param sse: SSE object defined.
"""
if sse and sse.type() != "SSE-C":
raise InvalidArgumentError("Required type SSE-C object to be passed")
def is_valid_sse_object(sse):
"""
Validate the SSE object and type
:param sse: SSE object defined.
"""
if sse and sse.type() != "SSE-C" and sse.type() != "SSE-KMS" and sse.type() != "SSE-S3":
raise InvalidArgumentError("unsuported type of sse argument in put_object")
def is_valid_source_sse_object(sse):
"""
Validate the SSE object and type
:param sse: SSE object defined.
"""
if sse and sse.type() != "copy_SSE-C":
raise InvalidArgumentError("Required type copy_SSE-C object to be passed")
def encode_object_name(object_name):
"""
URL encode input object name.
:param object_name: Un-encoded object name.
:return: URL encoded input object name.
"""
is_non_empty_string(object_name)
return urlencode(object_name)
class Hasher(object):
"""
Adaptation of hashlib-based hash functions that
return unicode-encoded hex- and base64-digest
strings.
"""
def __init__(self, data, h):
if data is None:
data = b''
if isinstance(data, str):
data = data.encode('utf-8')
self.h = h(data)
@classmethod
def md5(cls, data=''):
return cls(data, hashlib.md5)
@classmethod
def sha256(cls, data=''):
return cls(data, hashlib.sha256)
def update(self, data):
if isinstance(data, str):
data = data.encode('utf-8')
self.h.update(data)
def hexdigest(self):
r = self.h.hexdigest()
return r.decode('utf-8') if isinstance(r, bytes) else r
def base64digest(self):
r = base64.b64encode(self.h.digest())
return r.decode('utf-8') if isinstance(r, bytes) else r
def get_sha256_hexdigest(content):
"""
Calculate sha256 hexdigest of content.
:param content: Input str or bytes. If the type is `str` we encode
it to UTF8 first.
:return: sha256 digest encoded as hexadecimal `str`.
"""
return Hasher.sha256(content).hexdigest()
def get_md5_base64digest(content):
"""Calculate md5sum and return digest as base64 encoded string.
:param content: Input str or bytes. If the type is `str` we encode
it to UTF8 and calculate md5sum.
:return: md5 digest encoded to base64 `str`.
"""
return Hasher.md5(content).base64digest()
def optimal_part_info(length, part_size):
"""
Calculate optimal part size for multipart uploads.
:param length: Input length to calculate part size of.
:return: Optimal part size.
"""
# object size is '-1' set it to 5TiB.
if length == -1:
length = MAX_MULTIPART_OBJECT_SIZE
if length > MAX_MULTIPART_OBJECT_SIZE:
raise InvalidArgumentError('Input content size is bigger '
' than allowed maximum of 5TiB.')
# honor user configured size
if part_size != MIN_PART_SIZE:
part_size_float = float(part_size)
else:
# Use floats for part size for all calculations to avoid
# overflows during float64 to int64 conversions.
part_size_float = math.ceil(length/MAX_MULTIPART_COUNT)
part_size_float = (math.ceil(part_size_float/part_size)
* part_size)
# Total parts count.
total_parts_count = int(math.ceil(length/part_size_float))
# Part size.
part_size = int(part_size_float)
# Last part size.
last_part_size = length - int(total_parts_count-1)*part_size
return total_parts_count, part_size, last_part_size
# return a new metadata dictionary where user defined metadata keys
# are prefixed by "x-amz-meta-"
def amzprefix_user_metadata(metadata):
m = dict()
for k,v in metadata.items():
# Check if metadata value has US-ASCII encoding since it is
# the only one supported by HTTP headers. This will show a better
# exception message when users pass unsupported characters
# in metadata values.
try:
if isinstance(v, future_str):
v.encode('us-ascii')
except UnicodeEncodeError:
raise ValueError('Metadata supports only US-ASCII characters.')
if is_amz_header(k) or is_supported_header(k) or is_storageclass_header(k):
m[k] = v
else:
m["X-Amz-Meta-" + k] = v
return m
# returns true if amz s3 system defined metadata
def is_amz_header(key):
key = key.lower()
return key.startswith("x-amz-meta") or key == "x-amz-acl" or key.startswith("x-amz-server-side-encryption")
# returns true if a standard supported header
def is_supported_header(key):
## Supported headers for object.
supported_headers = [
"cache-control",
"content-encoding",
"content-type",
"content-disposition",
"content-language",
"x-amz-website-redirect-location",
## Add more supported headers here.
]
return key.lower() in supported_headers
# returns true if header is a storage class header
def is_storageclass_header(key):
return key.lower() == "x-amz-storage-class"