Üniteryenizm

Üniteryenizm (İngilizce: Unitarianism) Hristiyanlıktaki teslis inanışının aksine İsa'nın ve Kutsal Ruh'un tanrılığını reddeden Hristiyan teolojisi hareketidir.^[1]

Üniteryen Hristiyanlar İsa’nın, Meryem’in karnında Kutsal Ruh aracılığıyla oluştuğundan “Tanrı’nın oğlu” olduğunu kabul eder. Bununla birlikte, Tanrı’nın kendisi olarak kabul etmezler.^[2] Üniteryen Hristiyanlık’ta ilk günah ve mukadderat gibi soteryolojik doktrinler de dahil olmak üzere birçok geleneksel Hristiyan doktrini reddedilir.^[3]^[4]^[5] J. Gordon Melton tarafından hazırlanan Amerikan Dinler Ansiklopedisi'nde "liberal" kiliseler arasında sınıflandırılmıştır.^[6]

Üniteryen hareketi, her ne kadar başlangıçta "Üniteryen" olarak adlandırılmasa da, 16. yüzyılın ortalarında Polonya, Litvanya ve Transilvanya bölgesinde neredeyse aynı anda başlamıştır. Taraftarları arasında İtalyanlar önemli bir yer tutmaktaydı.^[7]^[8] İngiltere'de ise ilk Üniteryen Kilisesi hâlen bugünkü İngiliz Üniteryen Merkezi'nin bulunduğu Essex Street, Londra'da 1774 yılında kurulmuştur.^[9]

Kaynakça

^ Knight, Kevin ((Ed.)), "The dogma of the Trinity", Catholic Encyclopedia, New Advent, 23 Ocak 2018 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi, erişim tarihi: 21 Ocak 2017
^ Miano, David (2003), An Explanation of Unitarian Christianity, AUC, s. 15, 21 Mayıs 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi, erişim tarihi: 21 Ocak 2017
^ Earl Morse Wilbur; A History of Unitarianism; Harvard University Press; 1952, ss. 302–303: "Üniteryen akımın kurucularından birisi olan Joseph Priestley, Üniteryenizmi, sonraki bozukluklar içine girmeden önceki Hristiyanlık olarak tanımlamaktadır. Bu bozukluklardan olarak, sadece teslisi değil, aynı zamanda başka ortodoks öğretileri ve uygulamaları da saymaktadır."
^ From The Catechism of the Hungarian Unitarian Church in Transylvanian Romania: "Unitarians do not teach original sin. We do not believe that through the sin of the first human couple we all became corrupted. It would contradict the love and justice of God to attribute to us the sin of others, because sin is one's own personal action" (Ferencz Jozsef, 20th ed., 1991. Translated from Hungarian by Gyorgy Andrasi, published in The Unitarian Universalist Christian, FALL/WINTER, 1994, Volume 49, Nos.3–4; VII:107).
^ In his history of the Unitarians, David Robinson writes: "At their inception, both Unitarians and Universalists shared a common theological enemy: Calvinism." He explains that they "consistently attacked Calvinism on the related issues of original sin and election to salvation, doctrines that in their view undermined human moral exertion." (D. Robinson, The Unitarians and the Universalists, Greenwood Press, 1985, pp. 3, 17).
^ ed. J. Gordon Melton Encyclopedia of American Religions (8th ed.) "Brought together in this chapter as the 'liberal' family of churches and 'religious' organizations are those groups that have challenged the orthodox Christian dominance of Western religious life: Unitarianism, universalism, and infidelism" (p. 611).
^ James Hastings Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics: Algonquins-Art p 785 – 2001 "The first Unitarians were Italians, and the majority took refuge in Poland, where the laxity of the laws and the independence of the nobility secured for them a toleration which would have been denied to their views in other countries."
^ The encyclopedia of Protestantism 137 Hans Joachim Hillerbrand – 2004 "The so-called Golden Age of Unitarianism in Transylvania (1540–1571) resulted in a rich production of works both in Hungarian and Latin".
^ Erwin Fahlbusch The encyclopedia of Christianity 5 603 2008 "Lindsey attempted but failed to gain legal relief for Anglican Unitarians, so in 1774 he opened his own distinctly Unitarian church on Essex Street, London, where today's British Unitarian headquarters are still located."

Bibliyografya

Allen, Joseph Henry (1882). Our Liberal Movement in Theology. Boston.
Allen, Joseph Henry (1897). Sequel to Our Liberal Movement. Boston.
Buzzard, Anthony F.; Hunting, Charles F. (1998). The Doctrine of the Trinity: Christianity's Self-Inflicted Wound. Lanham, Maryland: International Scholars Publications. ISBN 1573093092. 24 Kasım 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi.
Chadwick, John White (1894). Old and New Unitarian Belief. Boston.
Cooke, George Willis (1902). Unitarianism in America: A History of its Origin and Development. Boston: American Unitarian Association. 24 Kasım 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi.
Emerton, Ephraim (1911). Unitarian Thought. New York: Macmillan Co. 24 Kasım 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi.
Hewett, Austin Phillip (1955). An Unfettered Faith: The Religion of a Unitarian (PDF). Londra: Lindsey Press. 29 Kasım 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF).
Hill, Andrew M. (1994). The Unitarian Path. Londra: Lindsey Press. ISBN 0853190461.
Howe, Charles A. (1997). For Faith and Freedom: A Short History of Unitarianism in Europe. Boston: Skinner House Books. ISBN 1558963596.
Lloyd, Walter (1899). The Story of Protestant Dissent and English Unitarianism. Londra: Philip Green.
Navas, Patrick (2007). Divine Truth or Human Tradition: A Reconsideration of the Roman Catholic-Protestant Doctrine of the Trinity in Light of the Hebrew and Christian Scriptures. Bloomington, Indiana. ISBN 1425948324.
Rowe, Mortimer (1959). The Story of Essex Hall (PDF). Londra: Lindsey Press. 12 Nisan 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF).
Smith, Matthew F. (2005). "Unitarians". Bowden, John (Ed.). Christianity: The Complete Guide. Londra: Continuum. ISBN 0826459374.
Tuggy, Dale. "Unitarianism (Supplement to 'Trinity')". Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
Wilbur, Earl Morse (1925). Our Unitarian Heritage (PDF). Berkeley, California: Starr King School for the Ministry. 17 Mart 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi (PDF).
Wilbur, Earl Morse (1945). A History of Unitarianism: Socinianism and Its Antecedents. Harvard University Press. 24 Kasım 2020 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi.

Dış bağlantılar

Unitarian Ministries International
Unitarianism3 Aralık 2016 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi. at BBC Religions
American Unitarian Conference23 Ocak 2017 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.
American Unitarian Reform
General Assembly of Unitarian and Free Christian Churches (UK)23 Ocak 2017 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.
Biblical Unitarians10 Ocak 2017 tarihinde Wayback Machine sitesinde arşivlendi.
The Free Christian Church of Unitarians and Universalists^{[ölü/kırık bağlantı]}

[1] Knight, Kevin ((Ed.)), "The dogma of the Trinity", Catholic Encyclopedia, New Advent, 23 Ocak 2018 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi, erişim tarihi: 21 Ocak 2017

[Miano_2003_15-2] Miano, David (2003), An Explanation of Unitarian Christianity, AUC, s. 15, 21 Mayıs 2019 tarihinde kaynağından arşivlendi, erişim tarihi: 21 Ocak 2017

[3] Earl Morse Wilbur; A History of Unitarianism; Harvard University Press; 1952, ss. 302–303: "Üniteryen akımın kurucularından birisi olan Joseph Priestley, Üniteryenizmi, sonraki bozukluklar içine girmeden önceki Hristiyanlık olarak tanımlamaktadır. Bu bozukluklardan olarak, sadece teslisi değil, aynı zamanda başka ortodoks öğretileri ve uygulamaları da saymaktadır."

[4] From The Catechism of the Hungarian Unitarian Church in Transylvanian Romania: "Unitarians do not teach original sin. We do not believe that through the sin of the first human couple we all became corrupted. It would contradict the love and justice of God to attribute to us the sin of others, because sin is one's own personal action" (Ferencz Jozsef, 20th ed., 1991. Translated from Hungarian by Gyorgy Andrasi, published in The Unitarian Universalist Christian, FALL/WINTER, 1994, Volume 49, Nos.3–4; VII:107).

[5] In his history of the Unitarians, David Robinson writes: "At their inception, both Unitarians and Universalists shared a common theological enemy: Calvinism." He explains that they "consistently attacked Calvinism on the related issues of original sin and election to salvation, doctrines that in their view undermined human moral exertion." (D. Robinson, The Unitarians and the Universalists, Greenwood Press, 1985, pp. 3, 17).

[6] . J. Gordon Melton Encyclopedia of American Religions (8th ed.) "Brought together in this chapter as the 'liberal' family of churches and 'religious' organizations are those groups that have challenged the orthodox Christian dominance of Western religious life: Unitarianism, universalism, and infidelism" (p. 611).

[7] James Hastings Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics: Algonquins-Art p 785 – 2001 "The first Unitarians were Italians, and the majority took refuge in Poland, where the laxity of the laws and the independence of the nobility secured for them a toleration which would have been denied to their views in other countries."

[8] The encyclopedia of Protestantism 137 Hans Joachim Hillerbrand – 2004 "The so-called Golden Age of Unitarianism in Transylvania (1540–1571) resulted in a rich production of works both in Hungarian and Latin".

[9] Erwin Fahlbusch The encyclopedia of Christianity 5 603 2008 "Lindsey attempted but failed to gain legal relief for Anglican Unitarians, so in 1774 he opened his own distinctly Unitarian church on Essex Street, London, where today's British Unitarian headquarters are still located."

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